Trigonometry Examples

$\cos (8 x)$

Step 1

A good method to expand $\cos (8 x)$ is by using De Moivre's theorem $(r {(\cos (x) + i \cdot \sin (x))}^{n} = r^{n} (\cos (n x) + i \cdot \sin (n x)))$ . When $r = 1$ , $\cos (n x) + i \cdot \sin (n x) = {(\cos (x) + i \cdot \sin (x))}^{n}$ .

$\cos (n x) + i \cdot \sin (n x) = {(\cos (x) + i \cdot \sin (x))}^{n}$

Step 2

Expand the right hand side of $\cos (n x) + i \cdot \sin (n x) = {(\cos (x) + i \cdot \sin (x))}^{n}$ using the binomial theorem.

Expand: ${(\cos (x) + i \cdot \sin (x))}^{8}$

Step 3

Use the Binomial Theorem.

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) (i \sin (x)) + 28 \cos^{6} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{2} + 56 \cos^{5} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{3} + 70 \cos^{4} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{4} + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Step 4

Simplify terms.

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Simplify each term.

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Apply the product rule to $i \sin (x)$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) + 28 \cos^{6} (x) (i^{2} \sin^{2} (x)) + 56 \cos^{5} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{3} + 70 \cos^{4} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{4} + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) + 28 \cdot i^{2} \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) + 56 \cos^{5} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{3} + 70 \cos^{4} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{4} + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) + 28 \cdot - 1 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) + 56 \cos^{5} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{3} + 70 \cos^{4} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{4} + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Multiply $28$ by $- 1$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) + 56 \cos^{5} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{3} + 70 \cos^{4} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{4} + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Apply the product rule to $i \sin (x)$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) + 56 \cos^{5} (x) (i^{3} \sin^{3} (x)) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{4} + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) + 56 \cdot i^{3} \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{4} + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Factor out $i^{2}$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) + 56 \cdot (i^{2} \cdot i) \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{4} + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) + 56 \cdot (- 1 \cdot i) \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{4} + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Rewrite $- 1 i$ as $- i$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) + 56 \cdot (- i) \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{4} + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Multiply $- 1$ by $56$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{4} + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Apply the product rule to $i \sin (x)$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) (i^{4} \sin^{4} (x)) + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cdot i^{4} \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cdot {(i^{2})}^{2} \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cdot {(- 1)}^{2} \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cdot 1 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Multiply $70$ by $1$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 \cos^{3} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{5} + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Apply the product rule to $i \sin (x)$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 \cos^{3} (x) (i^{5} \sin^{5} (x)) + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 \cdot i^{5} \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Factor out $i^{4}$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 \cdot (i^{4} i) \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 \cdot ({(i^{2})}^{2} i) \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 \cdot ({(- 1)}^{2} i) \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 \cdot (1 i) \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Multiply $i$ by $1$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 \cdot i \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) + 28 \cos^{2} (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{6} + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Apply the product rule to $i \sin (x)$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 i \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) + 28 \cos^{2} (x) (i^{6} \sin^{6} (x)) + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 i \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) + 28 \cdot i^{6} \cos^{2} (x) \sin^{6} (x) + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Factor out $i^{4}$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 i \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) + 28 \cdot (i^{4} i^{2}) \cos^{2} (x) \sin^{6} (x) + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 i \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) + 28 \cdot ({(i^{2})}^{2} i^{2}) \cos^{2} (x) \sin^{6} (x) + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 i \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) + 28 \cdot ({(- 1)}^{2} i^{2}) \cos^{2} (x) \sin^{6} (x) + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 i \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) + 28 \cdot (1 i^{2}) \cos^{2} (x) \sin^{6} (x) + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Multiply $i^{2}$ by $1$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 i \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) + 28 \cdot i^{2} \cos^{2} (x) \sin^{6} (x) + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 i \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) + 28 \cdot - 1 \cos^{2} (x) \sin^{6} (x) + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Multiply $28$ by $- 1$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 i \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) - 28 \cos^{2} (x) \sin^{6} (x) + 8 \cos (x) {(i \sin (x))}^{7} + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Apply the product rule to $i \sin (x)$ .

Rewrite $i^{7}$ as $i^{4} (i^{2} \cdot i)$ .

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Factor out $i^{4}$ .

Factor out $i^{2}$ .

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

Multiply $i^{2} \cdot i$ by $1$ .

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

Rewrite $- 1 i$ as $- i$ .

Multiply $- 1$ by $8$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 i \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) - 28 \cos^{2} (x) \sin^{6} (x) - 8 \cos (x) (i \sin^{7} (x)) + {(i \sin (x))}^{8}$

Apply the product rule to $i \sin (x)$ .

Rewrite $i^{8}$ as ${(i^{4})}^{2}$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 i \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) - 28 \cos^{2} (x) \sin^{6} (x) - 8 \cos (x) i \sin^{7} (x) + {(i^{4})}^{2} \sin^{8} (x)$

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

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Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 i \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) - 28 \cos^{2} (x) \sin^{6} (x) - 8 \cos (x) i \sin^{7} (x) + {({(i^{2})}^{2})}^{2} \sin^{8} (x)$

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 i \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) - 28 \cos^{2} (x) \sin^{6} (x) - 8 \cos (x) i \sin^{7} (x) + {({(- 1)}^{2})}^{2} \sin^{8} (x)$

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

One to any power is one.

Multiply $\sin^{8} (x)$ by $1$ .

Reorder factors in $\cos^{8} (x) + 8 \cos^{7} (x) i \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 i \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) - 28 \cos^{2} (x) \sin^{6} (x) - 8 \cos (x) i \sin^{7} (x) + \sin^{8} (x)$ .

$\cos^{8} (x) + 8 i \cos^{7} (x) \sin (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) - 56 i \cos^{5} (x) \sin^{3} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) + 56 i \cos^{3} (x) \sin^{5} (x) - 28 \cos^{2} (x) \sin^{6} (x) - 8 i \cos (x) \sin^{7} (x) + \sin^{8} (x)$

Step 5

Take out the expressions with the imaginary part, which are equal to $\cos (8 x)$ . Remove the imaginary number $i$ .

$\cos (8 x) = \cos^{8} (x) - 28 \cos^{6} (x) \sin^{2} (x) + 70 \cos^{4} (x) \sin^{4} (x) - 28 \cos^{2} (x) \sin^{6} (x) + \sin^{8} (x)$

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