Calculus Examples

$\int x \ln (x) d x$

Step 1

Integrate by parts using the formula $\int u d v = u v - \int v d u$ , where $u = \ln (x)$ and $d v = x$ .

$\ln (x) (\frac{1}{2} x^{2}) - \int \frac{1}{2} x^{2} \frac{1}{x} d x$

Step 2

Simplify.

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Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$\ln (x) \frac{x^{2}}{2} - \int \frac{1}{2} x^{2} \frac{1}{x} d x$

Combine $\ln (x)$ and $\frac{x^{2}}{2}$ .

$\frac{\ln (x) x^{2}}{2} - \int \frac{1}{2} x^{2} \frac{1}{x} d x$

Step 3

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$\frac{\ln (x) x^{2}}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} \int x^{2} \frac{1}{x} d x)$

Step 4

Simplify.

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Combine $x^{2}$ and $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$\frac{\ln (x) x^{2}}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{x^{2}}{x} d x)$

Cancel the common factor of $x^{2}$ and $x$ .

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Factor $x$ out of $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{\ln (x) x^{2}}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{x \cdot x}{x} d x)$

Cancel the common factors.

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Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\ln (x) x^{2}}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{x \cdot x}{x^{1}} d x)$

Factor $x$ out of $x^{1}$ .

$\frac{\ln (x) x^{2}}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{x \cdot x}{x \cdot 1} d x)$

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{\ln (x) x^{2}}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{x \cdot x}{x \cdot 1} d x)$

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\ln (x) x^{2}}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} \int \frac{x}{1} d x)$

Divide $x$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\ln (x) x^{2}}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} \int x d x)$

$\frac{\ln (x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \int x d x$

Step 5

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{2} x^{2}$ .

$\frac{\ln (x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C)$

Step 6

Simplify the answer.

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Rewrite $\frac{\ln (x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C)$ as $\frac{1}{2} \ln (x) x^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C$ .

$\frac{1}{2} \ln (x) x^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C$

Simplify.

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Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\ln (x)$ .

$\frac{\ln (x)}{2} x^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C$

Combine $\frac{\ln (x)}{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{\ln (x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C$

Multiply $\frac{1}{2}$ by $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{\ln (x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{1}{2 \cdot 2} x^{2} + C$

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\ln (x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} x^{2} + C$

Combine $x^{2}$ and $\frac{1}{4}$ .

$\frac{\ln (x) x^{2}}{2} - \frac{x^{2}}{4} + C$

Reorder terms.

$\frac{1}{2} \ln (x) x^{2} - \frac{1}{4} x^{2} + C$

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