Calculus Examples

$\cot^{5} (x)$

Step 1

Apply the reduction formula.

$- \frac{\cot^{4} (x)}{4} - \int \cot^{3} (x) d x$

Step 2

Apply the reduction formula.

$- \frac{\cot^{4} (x)}{4} - (- \frac{\cot^{2} (x)}{2} - \int \cot (x) d x)$

Step 3

The integral of $\cot (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\ln (| \sin (x) |)$ .

$- \frac{\cot^{4} (x)}{4} - (- \frac{\cot^{2} (x)}{2} - (\ln (| \sin (x) |) + C))$

Step 4

Simplify the answer.

Tap for more steps...

Rewrite $- \frac{\cot^{4} (x)}{4} - (- \frac{\cot^{2} (x)}{2} - (\ln (| \sin (x) |) + C))$ as $- \frac{\cot^{4} (x)}{4} + \frac{\cot^{2} (x)}{2} + \ln (| \sin (x) |) + C$ .

$- \frac{\cot^{4} (x)}{4} + \frac{\cot^{2} (x)}{2} + \ln (| \sin (x) |) + C$

Reorder terms.

$- \frac{1}{4} \cot^{4} (x) + \frac{1}{2} \cot^{2} (x) + \ln (| \sin (x) |) + C$