Calculus Examples

$\sum_{n = 1}^{4} \frac{2}{3} {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{n - 1}$

Step 1

Expand the series for each value of $n$ .

$\frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{1 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{2 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{3 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2

Simplify.

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Step 2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.1.1

Subtract $1$ from $1$ .

$\frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{0} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{2 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{3 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.2

Use the power rule ${(a b)}^{n} = a^{n} b^{n}$ to distribute the exponent.

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Step 2.1.2.1

Apply the product rule to $- \frac{1}{5}$ .

$\frac{2}{3} \cdot ({(- 1)}^{0} {(\frac{1}{5})}^{0}) + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{2 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{3 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.2.2

Apply the product rule to $\frac{1}{5}$ .

$\frac{2}{3} \cdot ({(- 1)}^{0} \frac{1^{0}}{5^{0}}) + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{2 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{3 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.3

Anything raised to $0$ is $1$ .

$\frac{2}{3} \cdot (1 \frac{1^{0}}{5^{0}}) + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{2 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{3 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.4

Multiply $\frac{1^{0}}{5^{0}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{1^{0}}{5^{0}} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{2 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{3 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.5

Combine.

$\frac{2 \cdot 1^{0}}{3 \cdot 5^{0}} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{2 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{3 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.6

Anything raised to $0$ is $1$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 1}{3 \cdot 5^{0}} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{2 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{3 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.7

Anything raised to $0$ is $1$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 1}{3 \cdot 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{2 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{3 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.8

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2}{3 \cdot 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{2 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{3 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.9

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2}{3} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{2 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{3 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.10

Subtract $1$ from $2$ .

$\frac{2}{3} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{3 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.11

Simplify.

$\frac{2}{3} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot (- \frac{1}{5}) + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{3 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.12

Multiply $\frac{2}{3} (- \frac{1}{5})$ .

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Step 2.1.12.1

Multiply $\frac{2}{3}$ by $\frac{1}{5}$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{3 \cdot 5} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{3 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.12.2

Multiply $3$ by $5$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{3 - 1} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.13

Subtract $1$ from $3$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{2} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.14

Use the power rule ${(a b)}^{n} = a^{n} b^{n}$ to distribute the exponent.

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Step 2.1.14.1

Apply the product rule to $- \frac{1}{5}$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot ({(- 1)}^{2} {(\frac{1}{5})}^{2}) + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.14.2

Apply the product rule to $\frac{1}{5}$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot ({(- 1)}^{2} \frac{1^{2}}{5^{2}}) + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.15

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot (1 \frac{1^{2}}{5^{2}}) + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.16

Multiply $\frac{1^{2}}{5^{2}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{1^{2}}{5^{2}} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.17

Combine.

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2 \cdot 1^{2}}{3 \cdot 5^{2}} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.18

One to any power is one.

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2 \cdot 1}{3 \cdot 5^{2}} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.19

Raise $5$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2 \cdot 1}{3 \cdot 25} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.20

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{3 \cdot 25} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.21

Multiply $3$ by $25$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{75} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{4 - 1}$

Step 2.1.22

Subtract $1$ from $4$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{75} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot {(- \frac{1}{5})}^{3}$

Step 2.1.23

Use the power rule ${(a b)}^{n} = a^{n} b^{n}$ to distribute the exponent.

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Step 2.1.23.1

Apply the product rule to $- \frac{1}{5}$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{75} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot ({(- 1)}^{3} {(\frac{1}{5})}^{3})$

Step 2.1.23.2

Apply the product rule to $\frac{1}{5}$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{75} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot ({(- 1)}^{3} \frac{1^{3}}{5^{3}})$

Step 2.1.24

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{75} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot (- \frac{1^{3}}{5^{3}})$

Step 2.1.25

One to any power is one.

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{75} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot (- \frac{1}{5^{3}})$

Step 2.1.26

Raise $5$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{75} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot (- \frac{1}{125})$

Step 2.1.27

Multiply $\frac{2}{3} (- \frac{1}{125})$ .

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Step 2.1.27.1

Multiply $\frac{2}{3}$ by $\frac{1}{125}$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{75} - \frac{2}{3 \cdot 125}$

Step 2.1.27.2

Multiply $3$ by $125$ .

$\frac{2}{3} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{75} - \frac{2}{375}$

Step 2.2

Find the common denominator.

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Step 2.2.1

Multiply $\frac{2}{3}$ by $\frac{125}{125}$ .

$\frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{125}{125} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{75} - \frac{2}{375}$

Step 2.2.2

Multiply $\frac{2}{3}$ by $\frac{125}{125}$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 125}{3 \cdot 125} - \frac{2}{15} + \frac{2}{75} - \frac{2}{375}$

Step 2.2.3

Multiply $\frac{2}{15}$ by $\frac{25}{25}$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 125}{3 \cdot 125} - (\frac{2}{15} \cdot \frac{25}{25}) + \frac{2}{75} - \frac{2}{375}$

Step 2.2.4

Multiply $\frac{2}{15}$ by $\frac{25}{25}$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 125}{3 \cdot 125} - \frac{2 \cdot 25}{15 \cdot 25} + \frac{2}{75} - \frac{2}{375}$

Step 2.2.5

Multiply $\frac{2}{75}$ by $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 125}{3 \cdot 125} - \frac{2 \cdot 25}{15 \cdot 25} + \frac{2}{75} \cdot \frac{5}{5} - \frac{2}{375}$

Step 2.2.6

Multiply $\frac{2}{75}$ by $\frac{5}{5}$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 125}{3 \cdot 125} - \frac{2 \cdot 25}{15 \cdot 25} + \frac{2 \cdot 5}{75 \cdot 5} - \frac{2}{375}$

Step 2.2.7

Multiply $3$ by $125$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 125}{375} - \frac{2 \cdot 25}{15 \cdot 25} + \frac{2 \cdot 5}{75 \cdot 5} - \frac{2}{375}$

Step 2.2.8

Multiply $15$ by $25$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 125}{375} - \frac{2 \cdot 25}{375} + \frac{2 \cdot 5}{75 \cdot 5} - \frac{2}{375}$

Step 2.2.9

Reorder the factors of $75 \cdot 5$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 125}{375} - \frac{2 \cdot 25}{375} + \frac{2 \cdot 5}{5 \cdot 75} - \frac{2}{375}$

Step 2.2.10

Multiply $5$ by $75$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot 125}{375} - \frac{2 \cdot 25}{375} + \frac{2 \cdot 5}{375} - \frac{2}{375}$

Step 2.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{2 \cdot 125 - 2 \cdot 25 + 2 \cdot 5 - 2}{375}$

Step 2.4

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.4.1

Multiply $2$ by $125$ .

$\frac{250 - 2 \cdot 25 + 2 \cdot 5 - 2}{375}$

Step 2.4.2

Multiply $- 2$ by $25$ .

$\frac{250 - 50 + 2 \cdot 5 - 2}{375}$

Step 2.4.3

Multiply $2$ by $5$ .

$\frac{250 - 50 + 10 - 2}{375}$

Step 2.5

Subtract $50$ from $250$ .

$\frac{200 + 10 - 2}{375}$

Step 2.6

Add $200$ and $10$ .

$\frac{210 - 2}{375}$

Step 2.7

Subtract $2$ from $210$ .

$\frac{208}{375}$

Step 3

The result can be shown in multiple forms.

Exact Form:

$\frac{208}{375}$

Decimal Form:

$0.554\overline{6}$