Calculus Examples

$f (x) = x^{3} - \frac{1}{3 x^{5}} + 2 \sqrt{x} - \frac{3}{x} + \frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}$

Step 1

Differentiate.

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Step 1.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x^{3} - \frac{1}{3 x^{5}} + 2 \sqrt{x} - \frac{3}{x} + \frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{1}{3 x^{5}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{1}{3 x^{5}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 1.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{1}{3 x^{5}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 2

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{1}{3 x^{5}}]$ .

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Step 2.1

Since $- \frac{1}{3}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- \frac{1}{3 x^{5}}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{x^{5}}]$ .

$3 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{x^{5}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 2.2

Rewrite $\frac{1}{x^{5}}$ as ${(x^{5})}^{- 1}$ .

$3 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [{(x^{5})}^{- 1}] + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 2.3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{- 1}$ and $g (x) = x^{5}$ .

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Step 2.3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $x^{5}$ .

$3 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} (\frac{d}{d u} [u^{- 1}] \frac{d}{d x} [x^{5}]) + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 2.3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = - 1$ .

$3 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} (- u^{- 2} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{5}]) + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 2.3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $x^{5}$ .

$3 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} (- {(x^{5})}^{- 2} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{5}]) + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 2.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 5$ .

$3 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} (- {(x^{5})}^{- 2} (5 x^{4})) + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 2.5

Multiply the exponents in ${(x^{5})}^{- 2}$ .

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Step 2.5.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$3 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} (- x^{5 \cdot - 2} (5 x^{4})) + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 2.5.2

Multiply $5$ by $- 2$ .

$3 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} (- x^{- 10} (5 x^{4})) + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 2.6

Multiply $5$ by $- 1$ .

$3 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} (- 5 x^{- 10} x^{4}) + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 2.7

Multiply $x^{- 10}$ by $x^{4}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.7.1

Move $x^{4}$ .

$3 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} (- 5 (x^{4} x^{- 10})) + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 2.7.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$3 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} (- 5 x^{4 - 10}) + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 2.7.3

Subtract $10$ from $4$ .

$3 x^{2} - \frac{1}{3} (- 5 x^{- 6}) + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 2.8

Multiply $- 5$ by $- 1$ .

$3 x^{2} + 5 (\frac{1}{3}) x^{- 6} + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 2.9

Combine $5$ and $\frac{1}{3}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3} x^{- 6} + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 2.10

Combine $\frac{5}{3}$ and $x^{- 6}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5 x^{- 6}}{3} + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 2.11

Move $x^{- 6}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [2 \sqrt{x}]$ .

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Step 3.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 3.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + 2 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 3.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + 2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1}) + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 3.4

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + 2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 3.5

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + 2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 3.6

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + 2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 3.7

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 3.7.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + 2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 3.7.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + 2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{- 1}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 3.8

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + 2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{- \frac{1}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 3.9

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + 2 \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 3.10

Combine $2$ and $\frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 3.11

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{2}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 3.12

Cancel the common factor.

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{2}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 3.13

Rewrite the expression.

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 4

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [- \frac{3}{x}]$ .

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Step 4.1

Since $- 3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- \frac{3}{x}$ with respect to $x$ is $- 3 \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{x}]$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1}{x}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 4.2

Rewrite $\frac{1}{x}$ as $x^{- 1}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{- 1}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 4.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = - 1$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - 3 (- x^{- 2}) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 4.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 3$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$

Step 5

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{3}}]$ .

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Step 5.1

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = 1 - 2 x$ and $g (x) = x^{3}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{x^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - 2 x] - (1 - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]}{{(x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 5.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $1 - 2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x]$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{x^{3} (\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x]) - (1 - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]}{{(x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 5.3

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{x^{3} (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x]) - (1 - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]}{{(x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 5.4

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $- 2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{x^{3} (0 - 2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]) - (1 - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]}{{(x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 5.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{x^{3} (0 - 2 \cdot 1) - (1 - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]}{{(x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 5.6

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{x^{3} (0 - 2 \cdot 1) - (1 - 2 x) (3 x^{2})}{{(x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 5.7

Multiply $- 2$ by $1$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{x^{3} (0 - 2) - (1 - 2 x) (3 x^{2})}{{(x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 5.8

Subtract $2$ from $0$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{x^{3} \cdot - 2 - (1 - 2 x) (3 x^{2})}{{(x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 5.9

Move $- 2$ to the left of $x^{3}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{- 2 \cdot x^{3} - (1 - 2 x) (3 x^{2})}{{(x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 5.10

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{- 2 x^{3} - 3 (1 - 2 x) x^{2}}{{(x^{3})}^{2}}$

Step 5.11

Multiply the exponents in ${(x^{3})}^{2}$ .

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Step 5.11.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{- 2 x^{3} - 3 (1 - 2 x) x^{2}}{x^{3 \cdot 2}}$

Step 5.11.2

Multiply $3$ by $2$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{- 2 x^{3} - 3 (1 - 2 x) x^{2}}{x^{6}}$

Step 5.12

Factor $x^{2}$ out of $- 2 x^{3} - 3 (1 - 2 x) x^{2}$ .

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Step 5.12.1

Factor $x^{2}$ out of $- 2 x^{3}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{x^{2} (- 2 x) - 3 (1 - 2 x) x^{2}}{x^{6}}$

Step 5.12.2

Factor $x^{2}$ out of $- 3 (1 - 2 x) x^{2}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{x^{2} (- 2 x) + x^{2} (- 3 (1 - 2 x))}{x^{6}}$

Step 5.12.3

Factor $x^{2}$ out of $x^{2} (- 2 x) + x^{2} (- 3 (1 - 2 x))$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{x^{2} (- 2 x - 3 (1 - 2 x))}{x^{6}}$

Step 5.13

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 5.13.1

Factor $x^{2}$ out of $x^{6}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{x^{2} (- 2 x - 3 (1 - 2 x))}{x^{2} x^{4}}$

Step 5.13.2

Cancel the common factor.

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{x^{2} (- 2 x - 3 (1 - 2 x))}{x^{2} x^{4}}$

Step 5.13.3

Rewrite the expression.

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 x^{- 2} + \frac{- 2 x - 3 (1 - 2 x)}{x^{4}}$

Step 6

Simplify.

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Step 6.1

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 \frac{1}{x^{2}} + \frac{- 2 x - 3 (1 - 2 x)}{x^{4}}$

Step 6.2

Apply the distributive property.

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 3 \frac{1}{x^{2}} + \frac{- 2 x - 3 \cdot 1 - 3 (- 2 x)}{x^{4}}$

Step 6.3

Combine terms.

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Step 6.3.1

Combine $3$ and $\frac{1}{x^{2}}$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}} + \frac{- 2 x - 3 \cdot 1 - 3 (- 2 x)}{x^{4}}$

Step 6.3.2

Multiply $- 3$ by $1$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}} + \frac{- 2 x - 3 - 3 (- 2 x)}{x^{4}}$

Step 6.3.3

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 3$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}} + \frac{- 2 x - 3 + 6 x}{x^{4}}$

Step 6.3.4

Add $- 2 x$ and $6 x$ .

$3 x^{2} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}} + \frac{4 x - 3}{x^{4}}$

Step 6.3.5

To write $3 x^{2}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{x^{4}}{x^{4}}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} x^{4}}{x^{4}} + \frac{4 x - 3}{x^{4}} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.6

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{3 x^{2} x^{4} + 4 x - 3}{x^{4}} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.7

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{4}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 6.3.7.1

Move $x^{4}$ .

$\frac{3 (x^{4} x^{2}) + 4 x - 3}{x^{4}} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.7.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{3 x^{4 + 2} + 4 x - 3}{x^{4}} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.7.3

Add $4$ and $2$ .

$\frac{3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3}{x^{4}} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.8

To write $\frac{3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3}{x^{4}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{3 x^{2}}{3 x^{2}}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3}{x^{4}} \cdot \frac{3 x^{2}}{3 x^{2}} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.9

Write each expression with a common denominator of $3 x^{6}$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 6.3.9.1

Multiply $\frac{3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3}{x^{4}}$ by $\frac{3 x^{2}}{3 x^{2}}$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) (3 x^{2})}{x^{4} (3 x^{2})} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.9.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{(3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) (3 x^{2})}{3 x^{4} x^{2}} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.9.3

Multiply $x^{4}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 6.3.9.3.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) (3 x^{2})}{3 (x^{2} x^{4})} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.9.3.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) (3 x^{2})}{3 x^{2 + 4}} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.9.3.3

Add $2$ and $4$ .

$\frac{(3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) (3 x^{2})}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.10

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{(3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) (3 x^{2}) + 5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.11

Move $3$ to the left of $3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3$ .

$\frac{3 \cdot (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.12

To write $\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.13

Write each expression with a common denominator of $3 x^{6}$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 6.3.13.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $\frac{3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (3 x^{\frac{11}{2}})} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.13.2

Multiply $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $x^{\frac{11}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 6.3.13.2.1

Move $x^{\frac{11}{2}}$ .

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{x^{\frac{11}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 3} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.13.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{x^{\frac{11}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} \cdot 3} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.13.2.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{x^{\frac{11 + 1}{2}} \cdot 3} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.13.2.4

Add $11$ and $1$ .

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{x^{\frac{12}{2}} \cdot 3} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.13.2.5

Divide $12$ by $2$ .

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{x^{6} \cdot 3} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.13.3

Reorder the factors of $x^{6} \cdot 3$ .

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.14

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5 + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}}$

Step 6.3.15

To write $\frac{3}{x^{2}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{3 x^{4}}{3 x^{4}}$ .

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5 + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{3}{x^{2}} \cdot \frac{3 x^{4}}{3 x^{4}}$

Step 6.3.16

Write each expression with a common denominator of $3 x^{6}$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 6.3.16.1

Multiply $\frac{3}{x^{2}}$ by $\frac{3 x^{4}}{3 x^{4}}$ .

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5 + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{3 (3 x^{4})}{x^{2} (3 x^{4})}$

Step 6.3.16.2

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{4}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 6.3.16.2.1

Move $x^{4}$ .

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5 + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{3 (3 x^{4})}{x^{4} x^{2} \cdot 3}$

Step 6.3.16.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5 + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{3 (3 x^{4})}{x^{4 + 2} \cdot 3}$

Step 6.3.16.2.3

Add $4$ and $2$ .

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5 + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{3 (3 x^{4})}{x^{6} \cdot 3}$

Step 6.3.16.3

Reorder the factors of $x^{6} \cdot 3$ .

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5 + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}}}{3 x^{6}} + \frac{3 (3 x^{4})}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.3.17

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5 + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 3 (3 x^{4})}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.3.18

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$\frac{3 (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) x^{2} + 5 + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 9 x^{4}}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.4

Reorder terms.

$\frac{9 x^{4} + 3 x^{2} (3 x^{6} + 4 x - 3) + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 5}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 6.5.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{9 x^{4} + 3 x^{2} (3 x^{6}) + 3 x^{2} (4 x) + 3 x^{2} \cdot - 3 + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 5}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.5.2

Simplify.

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Step 6.5.2.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{9 x^{4} + 3 \cdot 3 x^{2} x^{6} + 3 x^{2} (4 x) + 3 x^{2} \cdot - 3 + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 5}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.5.2.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{9 x^{4} + 3 \cdot 3 x^{2} x^{6} + 3 \cdot 4 x^{2} x + 3 x^{2} \cdot - 3 + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 5}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.5.2.3

Multiply $- 3$ by $3$ .

$\frac{9 x^{4} + 3 \cdot 3 x^{2} x^{6} + 3 \cdot 4 x^{2} x - 9 x^{2} + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 5}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.5.3

Simplify each term.

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Step 6.5.3.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{6}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 6.5.3.1.1

Move $x^{6}$ .

$\frac{9 x^{4} + 3 \cdot 3 (x^{6} x^{2}) + 3 \cdot 4 x^{2} x - 9 x^{2} + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 5}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.5.3.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{9 x^{4} + 3 \cdot 3 x^{6 + 2} + 3 \cdot 4 x^{2} x - 9 x^{2} + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 5}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.5.3.1.3

Add $6$ and $2$ .

$\frac{9 x^{4} + 3 \cdot 3 x^{8} + 3 \cdot 4 x^{2} x - 9 x^{2} + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 5}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.5.3.2

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$\frac{9 x^{4} + 9 x^{8} + 3 \cdot 4 x^{2} x - 9 x^{2} + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 5}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.5.3.3

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 6.5.3.3.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{9 x^{4} + 9 x^{8} + 3 \cdot 4 (x \cdot x^{2}) - 9 x^{2} + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 5}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.5.3.3.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 6.5.3.3.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{9 x^{4} + 9 x^{8} + 3 \cdot 4 (x^{1} x^{2}) - 9 x^{2} + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 5}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.5.3.3.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{9 x^{4} + 9 x^{8} + 3 \cdot 4 x^{1 + 2} - 9 x^{2} + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 5}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.5.3.3.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{9 x^{4} + 9 x^{8} + 3 \cdot 4 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 5}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.5.3.4

Multiply $3$ by $4$ .

$\frac{9 x^{4} + 9 x^{8} + 12 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 5}{3 x^{6}}$

Step 6.5.4

Reorder terms.

$\frac{9 x^{8} + 9 x^{4} + 12 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + 3 x^{\frac{11}{2}} + 5}{3 x^{6}}$