Calculus Examples

$\int_{6 x}^{7 x} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u$

Step 1

Split the integral into two integrals where $c$ is some value between $6 x$ and $7 x$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\int_{6 x}^{c} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u + \int_{c}^{7 x} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u]$

Step 2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $\int_{6 x}^{c} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u + \int_{c}^{7 x} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [\int_{6 x}^{c} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u] + \frac{d}{d x} [\int_{c}^{7 x} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\int_{6 x}^{c} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u] + \frac{d}{d x} [\int_{c}^{7 x} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u]$

Step 3

Swap the bounds of integration.

$\frac{d}{d x} [- \int_{c}^{6 x} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u] + \frac{d}{d x} [\int_{c}^{7 x} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u]$

Step 4

Take the derivative of $- \int_{c}^{6 x} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u$ with respect to $x$ using Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and the chain rule.

$\frac{d}{d x} [6 x] (- \frac{{(6 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(6 x)}^{2} + 5}) + \frac{d}{d x} [\int_{c}^{7 x} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u]$

Step 5

Differentiate.

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Step 5.1

Since $6$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $6 x$ with respect to $x$ is $6 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$6 \frac{d}{d x} [x] (- \frac{{(6 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(6 x)}^{2} + 5}) + \frac{d}{d x} [\int_{c}^{7 x} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u]$

Step 5.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$6 \cdot 1 (- \frac{{(6 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(6 x)}^{2} + 5}) + \frac{d}{d x} [\int_{c}^{7 x} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u]$

Step 5.3

Multiply $6$ by $1$ .

$6 (- \frac{{(6 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(6 x)}^{2} + 5}) + \frac{d}{d x} [\int_{c}^{7 x} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u]$

Step 6

Take the derivative of $\int_{c}^{7 x} \frac{u^{2} - 5}{u^{2} + 5} d u$ with respect to $x$ using Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and the chain rule.

$6 (- \frac{{(6 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(6 x)}^{2} + 5}) + \frac{d}{d x} [7 x] \frac{{(7 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(7 x)}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7

Differentiate.

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Step 7.1

Since $7$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $7 x$ with respect to $x$ is $7 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$6 (- \frac{{(6 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(6 x)}^{2} + 5}) + 7 \frac{d}{d x} [x] \frac{{(7 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(7 x)}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$6 (- \frac{{(6 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(6 x)}^{2} + 5}) + 7 \cdot 1 \frac{{(7 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(7 x)}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3

Simplify terms.

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Step 7.3.1

Multiply $7$ by $1$ .

$6 (- \frac{{(6 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(6 x)}^{2} + 5}) + 7 \frac{{(7 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(7 x)}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3.2

Factor $6$ out of $6 x$ .

$6 (- \frac{{(6 (x))}^{2} - 5}{{(6 x)}^{2} + 5}) + 7 \frac{{(7 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(7 x)}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3.3

Simplify the expression.

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Step 7.3.3.1

Apply the product rule to $6 (x)$ .

$6 (- \frac{6^{2} x^{2} - 5}{{(6 x)}^{2} + 5}) + 7 \frac{{(7 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(7 x)}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3.3.2

Raise $6$ to the power of $2$ .

$6 (- \frac{36 x^{2} - 5}{{(6 x)}^{2} + 5}) + 7 \frac{{(7 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(7 x)}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3.4

Factor $6$ out of $6 x$ .

$6 (- \frac{36 x^{2} - 5}{{(6 (x))}^{2} + 5}) + 7 \frac{{(7 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(7 x)}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3.5

Simplify the expression.

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Step 7.3.5.1

Apply the product rule to $6 (x)$ .

$6 (- \frac{36 x^{2} - 5}{6^{2} x^{2} + 5}) + 7 \frac{{(7 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(7 x)}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3.5.2

Raise $6$ to the power of $2$ .

$6 (- \frac{36 x^{2} - 5}{36 x^{2} + 5}) + 7 \frac{{(7 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(7 x)}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3.5.3

Multiply $- 1$ by $6$ .

$- 6 \frac{36 x^{2} - 5}{36 x^{2} + 5} + 7 \frac{{(7 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(7 x)}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3.6

Combine $- 6$ and $\frac{36 x^{2} - 5}{36 x^{2} + 5}$ .

$\frac{- 6 (36 x^{2} - 5)}{36 x^{2} + 5} + 7 \frac{{(7 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(7 x)}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3.7

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{6 (36 x^{2} - 5)}{36 x^{2} + 5} + 7 \frac{{(7 x)}^{2} - 5}{{(7 x)}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3.8

Factor $7$ out of $7 x$ .

$- \frac{6 (36 x^{2} - 5)}{36 x^{2} + 5} + 7 \frac{{(7 (x))}^{2} - 5}{{(7 x)}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3.9

Simplify the expression.

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Step 7.3.9.1

Apply the product rule to $7 (x)$ .

$- \frac{6 (36 x^{2} - 5)}{36 x^{2} + 5} + 7 \frac{7^{2} x^{2} - 5}{{(7 x)}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3.9.2

Raise $7$ to the power of $2$ .

$- \frac{6 (36 x^{2} - 5)}{36 x^{2} + 5} + 7 \frac{49 x^{2} - 5}{{(7 x)}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3.10

Factor $7$ out of $7 x$ .

$- \frac{6 (36 x^{2} - 5)}{36 x^{2} + 5} + 7 \frac{49 x^{2} - 5}{{(7 (x))}^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3.11

Simplify the expression.

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Step 7.3.11.1

Apply the product rule to $7 (x)$ .

$- \frac{6 (36 x^{2} - 5)}{36 x^{2} + 5} + 7 \frac{49 x^{2} - 5}{7^{2} x^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3.11.2

Raise $7$ to the power of $2$ .

$- \frac{6 (36 x^{2} - 5)}{36 x^{2} + 5} + 7 \frac{49 x^{2} - 5}{49 x^{2} + 5}$

Step 7.3.12

Combine $7$ and $\frac{49 x^{2} - 5}{49 x^{2} + 5}$ .

$- \frac{6 (36 x^{2} - 5)}{36 x^{2} + 5} + \frac{7 (49 x^{2} - 5)}{49 x^{2} + 5}$

Step 8

To write $- \frac{6 (36 x^{2} - 5)}{36 x^{2} + 5}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{49 x^{2} + 5}{49 x^{2} + 5}$ .

$- \frac{6 (36 x^{2} - 5)}{36 x^{2} + 5} \cdot \frac{49 x^{2} + 5}{49 x^{2} + 5} + \frac{7 (49 x^{2} - 5)}{49 x^{2} + 5}$

Step 9

To write $\frac{7 (49 x^{2} - 5)}{49 x^{2} + 5}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{36 x^{2} + 5}{36 x^{2} + 5}$ .

$- \frac{6 (36 x^{2} - 5)}{36 x^{2} + 5} \cdot \frac{49 x^{2} + 5}{49 x^{2} + 5} + \frac{7 (49 x^{2} - 5)}{49 x^{2} + 5} \cdot \frac{36 x^{2} + 5}{36 x^{2} + 5}$

Step 10

Write each expression with a common denominator of $(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 10.1

Multiply $\frac{6 (36 x^{2} - 5)}{36 x^{2} + 5}$ by $\frac{49 x^{2} + 5}{49 x^{2} + 5}$ .

$- \frac{6 (36 x^{2} - 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)} + \frac{7 (49 x^{2} - 5)}{49 x^{2} + 5} \cdot \frac{36 x^{2} + 5}{36 x^{2} + 5}$

Step 10.2

Multiply $\frac{7 (49 x^{2} - 5)}{49 x^{2} + 5}$ by $\frac{36 x^{2} + 5}{36 x^{2} + 5}$ .

$- \frac{6 (36 x^{2} - 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)} + \frac{7 (49 x^{2} - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(49 x^{2} + 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 10.3

Reorder the factors of $(49 x^{2} + 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)$ .

$- \frac{6 (36 x^{2} - 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)} + \frac{7 (49 x^{2} - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 11

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- 6 (36 x^{2} - 5) (49 x^{2} + 5) + 7 (49 x^{2} - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12

Simplify.

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Step 12.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(- 6 (36 x^{2}) - 6 \cdot - 5) (49 x^{2} + 5) + 7 (49 x^{2} - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(- 6 (36 x^{2}) - 6 \cdot - 5) (49 x^{2} + 5) + (7 (49 x^{2}) + 7 \cdot - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 12.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 12.3.1.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 12.3.1.1.1

Multiply $36$ by $- 6$ .

$\frac{(- 216 x^{2} - 6 \cdot - 5) (49 x^{2} + 5) + (7 (49 x^{2}) + 7 \cdot - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.1.2

Multiply $- 6$ by $- 5$ .

$\frac{(- 216 x^{2} + 30) (49 x^{2} + 5) + (7 (49 x^{2}) + 7 \cdot - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.2

Expand $(- 216 x^{2} + 30) (49 x^{2} + 5)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 12.3.1.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 216 x^{2} (49 x^{2} + 5) + 30 (49 x^{2} + 5) + (7 (49 x^{2}) + 7 \cdot - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 216 x^{2} (49 x^{2}) - 216 x^{2} \cdot 5 + 30 (49 x^{2} + 5) + (7 (49 x^{2}) + 7 \cdot - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 216 x^{2} (49 x^{2}) - 216 x^{2} \cdot 5 + 30 (49 x^{2}) + 30 \cdot 5 + (7 (49 x^{2}) + 7 \cdot - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.3

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 12.3.1.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 12.3.1.3.1.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{- 216 \cdot 49 x^{2} x^{2} - 216 x^{2} \cdot 5 + 30 (49 x^{2}) + 30 \cdot 5 + (7 (49 x^{2}) + 7 \cdot - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.3.1.2

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 12.3.1.3.1.2.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{- 216 \cdot 49 (x^{2} x^{2}) - 216 x^{2} \cdot 5 + 30 (49 x^{2}) + 30 \cdot 5 + (7 (49 x^{2}) + 7 \cdot - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.3.1.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- 216 \cdot 49 x^{2 + 2} - 216 x^{2} \cdot 5 + 30 (49 x^{2}) + 30 \cdot 5 + (7 (49 x^{2}) + 7 \cdot - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.3.1.2.3

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$\frac{- 216 \cdot 49 x^{4} - 216 x^{2} \cdot 5 + 30 (49 x^{2}) + 30 \cdot 5 + (7 (49 x^{2}) + 7 \cdot - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.3.1.3

Multiply $- 216$ by $49$ .

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} - 216 x^{2} \cdot 5 + 30 (49 x^{2}) + 30 \cdot 5 + (7 (49 x^{2}) + 7 \cdot - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.3.1.4

Multiply $5$ by $- 216$ .

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} - 1080 x^{2} + 30 (49 x^{2}) + 30 \cdot 5 + (7 (49 x^{2}) + 7 \cdot - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.3.1.5

Multiply $49$ by $30$ .

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} - 1080 x^{2} + 1470 x^{2} + 30 \cdot 5 + (7 (49 x^{2}) + 7 \cdot - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.3.1.6

Multiply $30$ by $5$ .

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} - 1080 x^{2} + 1470 x^{2} + 150 + (7 (49 x^{2}) + 7 \cdot - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.3.2

Add $- 1080 x^{2}$ and $1470 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} + 390 x^{2} + 150 + (7 (49 x^{2}) + 7 \cdot - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.4

Simplify each term.

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Step 12.3.1.4.1

Multiply $49$ by $7$ .

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} + 390 x^{2} + 150 + (343 x^{2} + 7 \cdot - 5) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.4.2

Multiply $7$ by $- 5$ .

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} + 390 x^{2} + 150 + (343 x^{2} - 35) (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.5

Expand $(343 x^{2} - 35) (36 x^{2} + 5)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 12.3.1.5.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} + 390 x^{2} + 150 + 343 x^{2} (36 x^{2} + 5) - 35 (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.5.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} + 390 x^{2} + 150 + 343 x^{2} (36 x^{2}) + 343 x^{2} \cdot 5 - 35 (36 x^{2} + 5)}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.5.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} + 390 x^{2} + 150 + 343 x^{2} (36 x^{2}) + 343 x^{2} \cdot 5 - 35 (36 x^{2}) - 35 \cdot 5}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.6

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 12.3.1.6.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 12.3.1.6.1.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} + 390 x^{2} + 150 + 343 \cdot 36 x^{2} x^{2} + 343 x^{2} \cdot 5 - 35 (36 x^{2}) - 35 \cdot 5}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.6.1.2

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 12.3.1.6.1.2.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} + 390 x^{2} + 150 + 343 \cdot 36 (x^{2} x^{2}) + 343 x^{2} \cdot 5 - 35 (36 x^{2}) - 35 \cdot 5}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.6.1.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} + 390 x^{2} + 150 + 343 \cdot 36 x^{2 + 2} + 343 x^{2} \cdot 5 - 35 (36 x^{2}) - 35 \cdot 5}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.6.1.2.3

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} + 390 x^{2} + 150 + 343 \cdot 36 x^{4} + 343 x^{2} \cdot 5 - 35 (36 x^{2}) - 35 \cdot 5}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.6.1.3

Multiply $343$ by $36$ .

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} + 390 x^{2} + 150 + 12348 x^{4} + 343 x^{2} \cdot 5 - 35 (36 x^{2}) - 35 \cdot 5}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.6.1.4

Multiply $5$ by $343$ .

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} + 390 x^{2} + 150 + 12348 x^{4} + 1715 x^{2} - 35 (36 x^{2}) - 35 \cdot 5}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.6.1.5

Multiply $36$ by $- 35$ .

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} + 390 x^{2} + 150 + 12348 x^{4} + 1715 x^{2} - 1260 x^{2} - 35 \cdot 5}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.6.1.6

Multiply $- 35$ by $5$ .

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} + 390 x^{2} + 150 + 12348 x^{4} + 1715 x^{2} - 1260 x^{2} - 175}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.1.6.2

Subtract $1260 x^{2}$ from $1715 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{- 10584 x^{4} + 390 x^{2} + 150 + 12348 x^{4} + 455 x^{2} - 175}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.2

Add $- 10584 x^{4}$ and $12348 x^{4}$ .

$\frac{1764 x^{4} + 390 x^{2} + 150 + 455 x^{2} - 175}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.3

Add $390 x^{2}$ and $455 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1764 x^{4} + 845 x^{2} + 150 - 175}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$

Step 12.3.4

Subtract $175$ from $150$ .

$\frac{1764 x^{4} + 845 x^{2} - 25}{(36 x^{2} + 5) (49 x^{2} + 5)}$