Calculus Examples

$w = 3 z^{- z} - \frac{1}{z}$

Step 1

Find the first derivative.

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Step 1.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $3 z^{- z} - \frac{1}{z}$ with respect to $z$ is $\frac{d}{d z} [3 z^{- z}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$ .

$\frac{d}{d z} [3 z^{- z}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$

Step 1.2

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d z} [3 z^{- z}]$ .

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Step 1.2.1

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $z$ , the derivative of $3 z^{- z}$ with respect to $z$ is $3 \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- z}]$ .

$3 \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- z}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$

Step 1.2.2

Use the properties of logarithms to simplify the differentiation.

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Step 1.2.2.1

Rewrite $z^{- z}$ as $e^{\ln (z^{- z})}$ .

$3 \frac{d}{d z} [e^{\ln (z^{- z})}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$

Step 1.2.2.2

Expand $\ln (z^{- z})$ by moving $- z$ outside the logarithm.

$3 \frac{d}{d z} [e^{- z \ln (z)}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$

Step 1.2.3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d z} [f (g (z))]$ is $f' (g (z)) g' (z)$ where $f (z) = e^{z}$ and $g (z) = - z \ln (z)$ .

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Step 1.2.3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $- z \ln (z)$ .

$3 (\frac{d}{d u} [e^{u}] \frac{d}{d z} [- z \ln (z)]) + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$

Step 1.2.3.2

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [a^{u}]$ is $a^{u} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$3 (e^{u} \frac{d}{d z} [- z \ln (z)]) + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$

Step 1.2.3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $- z \ln (z)$ .

$3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} \frac{d}{d z} [- z \ln (z)]) + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$

Step 1.2.4

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $z$ , the derivative of $- z \ln (z)$ with respect to $z$ is $- \frac{d}{d z} [z \ln (z)]$ .

$3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- \frac{d}{d z} [z \ln (z)])) + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$

Step 1.2.5

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d z} [f (z) g (z)]$ is $f (z) \frac{d}{d z} [g (z)] + g (z) \frac{d}{d z} [f (z)]$ where $f (z) = z$ and $g (z) = \ln (z)$ .

$3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (z \frac{d}{d z} [\ln (z)] + \ln (z) \frac{d}{d z} [z]))) + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$

Step 1.2.6

The derivative of $\ln (z)$ with respect to $z$ is $\frac{1}{z}$ .

$3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (z \frac{1}{z} + \ln (z) \frac{d}{d z} [z]))) + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$

Step 1.2.7

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d z} [z^{n}]$ is $n z^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (z \frac{1}{z} + \ln (z) \cdot 1))) + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$

Step 1.2.8

Combine $z$ and $\frac{1}{z}$ .

$3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (\frac{z}{z} + \ln (z) \cdot 1))) + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$

Step 1.2.9

Cancel the common factor of $z$ .

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Step 1.2.9.1

Cancel the common factor.

$3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (\frac{z}{z} + \ln (z) \cdot 1))) + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$

Step 1.2.9.2

Rewrite the expression.

$3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z) \cdot 1))) + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$

Step 1.2.10

Multiply $\ln (z)$ by $1$ .

$3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$

Step 1.2.11

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} (1 + \ln (z)) + \frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$

Step 1.3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d z} [- \frac{1}{z}]$ .

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Step 1.3.1

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d z} [f (z) g (z)]$ is $f (z) \frac{d}{d z} [g (z)] + g (z) \frac{d}{d z} [f (z)]$ where $f (z) = - 1$ and $g (z) = \frac{1}{z}$ .

$- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} (1 + \ln (z)) - \frac{d}{d z} [\frac{1}{z}] + \frac{1}{z} \frac{d}{d z} [- 1]$

Step 1.3.2

Rewrite $\frac{1}{z}$ as $z^{- 1}$ .

$- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} (1 + \ln (z)) - \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 1}] + \frac{1}{z} \frac{d}{d z} [- 1]$

Step 1.3.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d z} [z^{n}]$ is $n z^{n - 1}$ where $n = - 1$ .

$- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} (1 + \ln (z)) - - z^{- 2} + \frac{1}{z} \frac{d}{d z} [- 1]$

Step 1.3.4

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $z$ , the derivative of $- 1$ with respect to $z$ is $0$ .

$- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} (1 + \ln (z)) - - z^{- 2} + \frac{1}{z} \cdot 0$

Step 1.3.5

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} (1 + \ln (z)) + 1 z^{- 2} + \frac{1}{z} \cdot 0$

Step 1.3.6

Multiply $z^{- 2}$ by $1$ .

$- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} (1 + \ln (z)) + z^{- 2} + \frac{1}{z} \cdot 0$

Step 1.3.7

Multiply $\frac{1}{z}$ by $0$ .

$- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} (1 + \ln (z)) + z^{- 2} + 0$

Step 1.3.8

Add $z^{- 2}$ and $0$ .

$- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} (1 + \ln (z)) + z^{- 2}$

Step 1.4

Simplify.

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Step 1.4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 - 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z) + z^{- 2}$

Step 1.4.2

Multiply $- 3$ by $1$ .

$- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} - 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z) + z^{- 2}$

Step 1.4.3

Reorder terms.

$f' (z) = - 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z) + z^{- 2} - 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}$

Step 2

Find the second derivative.

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Step 2.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z) + z^{- 2} - 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}$ with respect to $z$ is $\frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)] + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$ .

$\frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)] + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)]$ .

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Step 2.2.1

Since $- 3$ is constant with respect to $z$ , the derivative of $- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$ with respect to $z$ is $- 3 \frac{d}{d z} [e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)]$ .

$- 3 \frac{d}{d z} [e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)] + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d z} [f (z) g (z)]$ is $f (z) \frac{d}{d z} [g (z)] + g (z) \frac{d}{d z} [f (z)]$ where $f (z) = e^{- z \ln (z)}$ and $g (z) = \ln (z)$ .

$- 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} \frac{d}{d z} [\ln (z)] + \ln (z) \frac{d}{d z} [e^{- z \ln (z)}]) + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.3

The derivative of $\ln (z)$ with respect to $z$ is $\frac{1}{z}$ .

$- 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} \frac{1}{z} + \ln (z) \frac{d}{d z} [e^{- z \ln (z)}]) + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.4

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d z} [f (g (z))]$ is $f' (g (z)) g' (z)$ where $f (z) = e^{z}$ and $g (z) = - z \ln (z)$ .

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Step 2.2.4.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $- z \ln (z)$ .

$- 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} \frac{1}{z} + \ln (z) (\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [e^{u_{1}}] \frac{d}{d z} [- z \ln (z)])) + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.4.2

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [a^{u_{1}}]$ is $a^{u_{1}} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$- 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} \frac{1}{z} + \ln (z) (e^{u_{1}} \frac{d}{d z} [- z \ln (z)])) + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $- z \ln (z)$ .

$- 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} \frac{1}{z} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} \frac{d}{d z} [- z \ln (z)])) + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.5

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $z$ , the derivative of $- z \ln (z)$ with respect to $z$ is $- \frac{d}{d z} [z \ln (z)]$ .

$- 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} \frac{1}{z} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- \frac{d}{d z} [z \ln (z)]))) + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.6

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d z} [f (z) g (z)]$ is $f (z) \frac{d}{d z} [g (z)] + g (z) \frac{d}{d z} [f (z)]$ where $f (z) = z$ and $g (z) = \ln (z)$ .

$- 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} \frac{1}{z} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (z \frac{d}{d z} [\ln (z)] + \ln (z) \frac{d}{d z} [z])))) + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.7

The derivative of $\ln (z)$ with respect to $z$ is $\frac{1}{z}$ .

$- 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} \frac{1}{z} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (z \frac{1}{z} + \ln (z) \frac{d}{d z} [z])))) + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.8

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d z} [z^{n}]$ is $n z^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$- 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} \frac{1}{z} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (z \frac{1}{z} + \ln (z) \cdot 1)))) + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.9

Combine $e^{- z \ln (z)}$ and $\frac{1}{z}$ .

$- 3 (\frac{e^{- z \ln (z)}}{z} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (z \frac{1}{z} + \ln (z) \cdot 1)))) + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.10

Combine $z$ and $\frac{1}{z}$ .

$- 3 (\frac{e^{- z \ln (z)}}{z} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (\frac{z}{z} + \ln (z) \cdot 1)))) + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.11

Cancel the common factor of $z$ .

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Step 2.2.11.1

Cancel the common factor.

$- 3 (\frac{e^{- z \ln (z)}}{z} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (\frac{z}{z} + \ln (z) \cdot 1)))) + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.11.2

Rewrite the expression.

$- 3 (\frac{e^{- z \ln (z)}}{z} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z) \cdot 1)))) + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.12

Multiply $\ln (z)$ by $1$ .

$- 3 (\frac{e^{- z \ln (z)}}{z} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z))))) + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.13

To write $\ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z))))$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{z}{z}$ .

$- 3 (\frac{e^{- z \ln (z)}}{z} + \frac{\ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z}{z}) + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.14

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$- 3 \frac{e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z}{z} + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.15

Combine $- 3$ and $\frac{e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z}{z}$ .

$\frac{- 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z)}{z} + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.2.16

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z)}{z} + \frac{d}{d z} [z^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d z} [z^{n}]$ is $n z^{n - 1}$ where $n = - 2$ .

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + \frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.4

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d z} [- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}]$ .

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Step 2.4.1

Since $- 3$ is constant with respect to $z$ , the derivative of $- 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}$ with respect to $z$ is $- 3 \frac{d}{d z} [e^{- z \ln (z)}]$ .

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} - 3 \frac{d}{d z} [e^{- z \ln (z)}]$

Step 2.4.2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d z} [f (g (z))]$ is $f' (g (z)) g' (z)$ where $f (z) = e^{z}$ and $g (z) = - z \ln (z)$ .

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Step 2.4.2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $- z \ln (z)$ .

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} - 3 (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [e^{u_{2}}] \frac{d}{d z} [- z \ln (z)])$

Step 2.4.2.2

Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [a^{u_{2}}]$ is $a^{u_{2}} \ln (a)$ where $a$ = $e$ .

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} - 3 (e^{u_{2}} \frac{d}{d z} [- z \ln (z)])$

Step 2.4.2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $- z \ln (z)$ .

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} - 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} \frac{d}{d z} [- z \ln (z)])$

Step 2.4.3

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $z$ , the derivative of $- z \ln (z)$ with respect to $z$ is $- \frac{d}{d z} [z \ln (z)]$ .

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} - 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- \frac{d}{d z} [z \ln (z)]))$

Step 2.4.4

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d z} [f (z) g (z)]$ is $f (z) \frac{d}{d z} [g (z)] + g (z) \frac{d}{d z} [f (z)]$ where $f (z) = z$ and $g (z) = \ln (z)$ .

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} - 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (z \frac{d}{d z} [\ln (z)] + \ln (z) \frac{d}{d z} [z])))$

Step 2.4.5

The derivative of $\ln (z)$ with respect to $z$ is $\frac{1}{z}$ .

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} - 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (z \frac{1}{z} + \ln (z) \frac{d}{d z} [z])))$

Step 2.4.6

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d z} [z^{n}]$ is $n z^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} - 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (z \frac{1}{z} + \ln (z) \cdot 1)))$

Step 2.4.7

Combine $z$ and $\frac{1}{z}$ .

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} - 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (\frac{z}{z} + \ln (z) \cdot 1)))$

Step 2.4.8

Cancel the common factor of $z$ .

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Step 2.4.8.1

Cancel the common factor.

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} - 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (\frac{z}{z} + \ln (z) \cdot 1)))$

Step 2.4.8.2

Rewrite the expression.

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} - 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z) \cdot 1)))$

Step 2.4.9

Multiply $\ln (z)$ by $1$ .

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} - 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z))))$

Step 2.4.10

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 3$ .

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (1 + \ln (z)))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} (1 + \ln (z))$

Step 2.5

Simplify.

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Step 2.5.1

Apply the distributive property.

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- 1 \cdot 1 - \ln (z))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} (1 + \ln (z))$

Step 2.5.2

Apply the distributive property.

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- 1 \cdot 1) + e^{- z \ln (z)} (- \ln (z))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} (1 + \ln (z))$

Step 2.5.3

Apply the distributive property.

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + (\ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- 1 \cdot 1)) + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- \ln (z)))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} (1 + \ln (z))$

Step 2.5.4

Apply the distributive property.

$- \frac{3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- 1 \cdot 1)) z + \ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- \ln (z))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} (1 + \ln (z))$

Step 2.5.5

Apply the distributive property.

$- \frac{3 e^{- z \ln (z)} + 3 (\ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- 1 \cdot 1)) z) + 3 (\ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- \ln (z))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} (1 + \ln (z))$

Step 2.5.6

Apply the distributive property.

$- \frac{3 e^{- z \ln (z)} + 3 (\ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- 1 \cdot 1)) z) + 3 (\ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- \ln (z))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.7

Combine terms.

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Step 2.5.7.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$- \frac{3 e^{- z \ln (z)} + 3 (\ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot - 1) z) + 3 (\ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- \ln (z))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.7.2

Move $- 1$ to the left of $e^{- z \ln (z)}$ .

$- \frac{3 e^{- z \ln (z)} + 3 (\ln (z) (- 1 \cdot e^{- z \ln (z)}) z) + 3 (\ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- \ln (z))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.7.3

Rewrite $- 1 e^{- z \ln (z)}$ as $- e^{- z \ln (z)}$ .

$- \frac{3 e^{- z \ln (z)} + 3 (\ln (z) (- e^{- z \ln (z)}) z) + 3 (\ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- \ln (z))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.7.4

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$- \frac{3 e^{- z \ln (z)} - 3 (\ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)}) z) + 3 (\ln (z) (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- \ln (z))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.7.5

Raise $\ln (z)$ to the power of $1$ .

$- \frac{3 e^{- z \ln (z)} - 3 \ln (z) e^{- z \ln (z)} z + 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (\ln^{1} (z) \ln (z))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.7.6

Raise $\ln (z)$ to the power of $1$ .

$- \frac{3 e^{- z \ln (z)} - 3 \ln (z) e^{- z \ln (z)} z + 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- (\ln^{1} (z) \ln^{1} (z))) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.7.7

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$- \frac{3 e^{- z \ln (z)} - 3 \ln (z) e^{- z \ln (z)} z + 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- {\ln (z)}^{1 + 1}) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.7.8

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$- \frac{3 e^{- z \ln (z)} - 3 \ln (z) e^{- z \ln (z)} z + 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (- \ln^{2} (z)) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.7.9

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$- \frac{3 e^{- z \ln (z)} - 3 \ln (z) e^{- z \ln (z)} z - 3 (e^{- z \ln (z)} (\ln^{2} (z)) z)}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.7.10

To write $- 2 z^{- 3}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{z}{z}$ .

$- \frac{3 e^{- z \ln (z)} - 3 \ln (z) e^{- z \ln (z)} z - 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln^{2} (z) z}{z} - 2 z^{- 3} \cdot \frac{z}{z} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.7.11

Combine $- 2 z^{- 3}$ and $\frac{z}{z}$ .

$- \frac{3 e^{- z \ln (z)} - 3 \ln (z) e^{- z \ln (z)} z - 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln^{2} (z) z}{z} + \frac{- 2 z^{- 3} z}{z} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.7.12

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- (3 e^{- z \ln (z)} - 3 \ln (z) e^{- z \ln (z)} z - 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln^{2} (z) z) - 2 z^{- 3} z}{z} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.7.13

Raise $z$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- (3 e^{- z \ln (z)} - 3 \ln (z) e^{- z \ln (z)} z - 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln^{2} (z) z) - 2 (z^{1} z^{- 3})}{z} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.7.14

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- (3 e^{- z \ln (z)} - 3 \ln (z) e^{- z \ln (z)} z - 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln^{2} (z) z) - 2 z^{1 - 3}}{z} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.7.15

Subtract $3$ from $1$ .

$\frac{- (3 e^{- z \ln (z)} - 3 \ln (z) e^{- z \ln (z)} z - 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln^{2} (z) z) - 2 z^{- 2}}{z} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \cdot 1 + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.7.16

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- (3 e^{- z \ln (z)} - 3 \ln (z) e^{- z \ln (z)} z - 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln^{2} (z) z) - 2 z^{- 2}}{z} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z)$

Step 2.5.8

Reorder terms.

$f'' (z) = 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln (z) + \frac{- (3 e^{- z \ln (z)} - 3 \ln (z) e^{- z \ln (z)} z - 3 e^{- z \ln (z)} \ln^{2} (z) z) - 2 z^{- 2}}{z} + 3 e^{- z \ln (z)}$