Calculus Examples

$f (x) = \frac{x^{3}}{1 - 7 x^{7}}$

Step 1

Find the first derivative.

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Step 1.1

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = x^{3}$ and $g (x) = 1 - 7 x^{7}$ .

$\frac{(1 - 7 x^{7}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}] - x^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - 7 x^{7}]}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2

Differentiate.

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Step 1.2.1

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$\frac{(1 - 7 x^{7}) (3 x^{2}) - x^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - 7 x^{7}]}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2.2

Move $3$ to the left of $1 - 7 x^{7}$ .

$\frac{3 \cdot (1 - 7 x^{7}) x^{2} - x^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - 7 x^{7}]}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2.3

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $1 - 7 x^{7}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7}]$ .

$\frac{3 (1 - 7 x^{7}) x^{2} - x^{3} (\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7}])}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2.4

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{3 (1 - 7 x^{7}) x^{2} - x^{3} (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7}])}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2.5

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7}]$ .

$\frac{3 (1 - 7 x^{7}) x^{2} - x^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7}]}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2.6

Since $- 7$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 7 x^{7}$ with respect to $x$ is $- 7 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{7}]$ .

$\frac{3 (1 - 7 x^{7}) x^{2} - x^{3} (- 7 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{7}])}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2.7

Multiply $- 7$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{3 (1 - 7 x^{7}) x^{2} + 7 x^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{7}]}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2.8

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 7$ .

$\frac{3 (1 - 7 x^{7}) x^{2} + 7 x^{3} (7 x^{6})}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2.9

Multiply $7$ by $7$ .

$\frac{3 (1 - 7 x^{7}) x^{2} + 49 x^{3} x^{6}}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.3

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x^{6}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.3.1

Move $x^{6}$ .

$\frac{3 (1 - 7 x^{7}) x^{2} + 49 (x^{6} x^{3})}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.3.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{3 (1 - 7 x^{7}) x^{2} + 49 x^{6 + 3}}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.3.3

Add $6$ and $3$ .

$\frac{3 (1 - 7 x^{7}) x^{2} + 49 x^{9}}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4

Simplify.

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Step 1.4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(3 \cdot 1 + 3 (- 7 x^{7})) x^{2} + 49 x^{9}}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 \cdot 1 x^{2} + 3 (- 7 x^{7}) x^{2} + 49 x^{9}}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.3

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 1.4.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.4.3.1.1

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} + 3 (- 7 x^{7}) x^{2} + 49 x^{9}}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.3.1.2

Multiply $x^{7}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 1.4.3.1.2.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} + 3 (- 7 (x^{2} x^{7})) + 49 x^{9}}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.3.1.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{3 x^{2} + 3 (- 7 x^{2 + 7}) + 49 x^{9}}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.3.1.2.3

Add $2$ and $7$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} + 3 (- 7 x^{9}) + 49 x^{9}}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.3.1.3

Multiply $- 7$ by $3$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} - 21 x^{9} + 49 x^{9}}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.3.2

Add $- 21 x^{9}$ and $49 x^{9}$ .

$\frac{3 x^{2} + 28 x^{9}}{{(1 - 7 x^{7})}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.4

Reorder terms.

$\frac{28 x^{9} + 3 x^{2}}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.5

Factor $x^{2}$ out of $28 x^{9} + 3 x^{2}$ .

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Step 1.4.5.1

Factor $x^{2}$ out of $28 x^{9}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} (28 x^{7}) + 3 x^{2}}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.5.2

Factor $x^{2}$ out of $3 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} (28 x^{7}) + x^{2} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.5.3

Factor $x^{2}$ out of $x^{2} (28 x^{7}) + x^{2} \cdot 3$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3)}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}}$

Step 2

Find the second derivative.

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Step 2.1

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3)] - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}]}{{({(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.2

Multiply the exponents in ${({(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2})}^{2}$ .

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Step 2.2.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3)] - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}]}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2 \cdot 2}}$

Step 2.2.2

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3)] - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}]}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.3

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x^{2}$ and $g (x) = 28 x^{7} + 3$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (x^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [28 x^{7} + 3] + (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}]}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.4

Differentiate.

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Step 2.4.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $28 x^{7} + 3$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [28 x^{7}] + \frac{d}{d x} [3]$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (x^{2} (\frac{d}{d x} [28 x^{7}] + \frac{d}{d x} [3]) + (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}]}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.4.2

Since $28$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $28 x^{7}$ with respect to $x$ is $28 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{7}]$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (x^{2} (28 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{7}] + \frac{d}{d x} [3]) + (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}]}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.4.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 7$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (x^{2} (28 (7 x^{6}) + \frac{d}{d x} [3]) + (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}]}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.4.4

Multiply $7$ by $28$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (x^{2} (196 x^{6} + \frac{d}{d x} [3]) + (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}]}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.4.5

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (x^{2} (196 x^{6} + 0) + (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}]}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.4.6

Add $196 x^{6}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (x^{2} (196 x^{6}) + (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}]}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.5

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{6}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.5.1

Move $x^{6}$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (x^{6} x^{2} \cdot 196 + (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}]}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.5.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (x^{6 + 2} \cdot 196 + (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}]}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.5.3

Add $6$ and $2$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (x^{8} \cdot 196 + (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}]}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.6

Differentiate using the Power Rule.

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Step 2.6.1

Move $196$ to the left of $x^{8}$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (196 \cdot x^{8} + (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}]}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.6.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (196 x^{8} + (28 x^{7} + 3) (2 x)) - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}]}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.6.3

Move $2$ to the left of $28 x^{7} + 3$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (196 x^{8} + 2 \cdot (28 x^{7} + 3) x) - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) \frac{d}{d x} [{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2}]}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.7

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{2}$ and $g (x) = - 7 x^{7} + 1$ .

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Step 2.7.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $- 7 x^{7} + 1$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) (\frac{d}{d u} [u^{2}] \frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7} + 1])}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.7.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) (2 u \frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7} + 1])}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.7.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $- 7 x^{7} + 1$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) - x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) (2 (- 7 x^{7} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7} + 1])}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.8

Simplify with factoring out.

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Step 2.8.1

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) - 2 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) ((- 7 x^{7} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7} + 1])}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.8.2

Factor $- 7 x^{7} + 1$ out of ${(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) - 2 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) ((- 7 x^{7} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7} + 1])$ .

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Step 2.8.2.1

Factor $- 7 x^{7} + 1$ out of ${(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{2} (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x)$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) ((- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x)) - 2 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) ((- 7 x^{7} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7} + 1])}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.8.2.2

Factor $- 7 x^{7} + 1$ out of $- 2 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) ((- 7 x^{7} + 1) \frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7} + 1])$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) ((- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x)) + (- 7 x^{7} + 1) (- 2 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) (\frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7} + 1]))}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.8.2.3

Factor $- 7 x^{7} + 1$ out of $(- 7 x^{7} + 1) ((- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x)) + (- 7 x^{7} + 1) (- 2 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) (\frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7} + 1]))$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) ((- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) - 2 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) (\frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7} + 1]))}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}}$

Step 2.9

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.9.1

Factor $- 7 x^{7} + 1$ out of ${(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{4}$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) ((- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) - 2 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) (\frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7} + 1]))}{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) {(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.9.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) ((- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) - 2 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) (\frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7} + 1]))}{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) {(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.9.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) - 2 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) (\frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7} + 1])}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.10

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $- 7 x^{7} + 1$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7}] + \frac{d}{d x} [1]$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) - 2 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) (\frac{d}{d x} [- 7 x^{7}] + \frac{d}{d x} [1])}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.11

Since $- 7$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 7 x^{7}$ with respect to $x$ is $- 7 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{7}]$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) - 2 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) (- 7 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{7}] + \frac{d}{d x} [1])}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.12

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 7$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) - 2 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) (- 7 (7 x^{6}) + \frac{d}{d x} [1])}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.13

Multiply $7$ by $- 7$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) - 2 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) (- 49 x^{6} + \frac{d}{d x} [1])}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.14

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) - 2 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) (- 49 x^{6} + 0)}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.15

Simplify the expression.

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Step 2.15.1

Add $- 49 x^{6}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) - 2 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) (- 49 x^{6})}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.15.2

Multiply $- 49$ by $- 2$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) + 98 x^{2} (28 x^{7} + 3) x^{6}}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.16

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{6}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.16.1

Move $x^{6}$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) + 98 (x^{6} x^{2}) (28 x^{7} + 3)}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.16.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) + 98 x^{6 + 2} (28 x^{7} + 3)}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.16.3

Add $6$ and $2$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7} + 3) x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7} + 3)}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17

Simplify.

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Step 2.17.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + (2 (28 x^{7}) + 2 \cdot 3) x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7} + 3)}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7}) x + 2 \cdot 3 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7} + 3)}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{7}) x + 2 \cdot 3 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 2.17.4.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.17.4.1.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.17.4.1.1.1

Multiply $x^{7}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.17.4.1.1.1.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 (x \cdot x^{7})) + 2 \cdot 3 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.1.1.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{7}$ .

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Step 2.17.4.1.1.1.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 (x^{1} x^{7})) + 2 \cdot 3 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.1.1.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{1 + 7}) + 2 \cdot 3 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.1.1.3

Add $1$ and $7$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 2 (28 x^{8}) + 2 \cdot 3 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.1.2

Multiply $28$ by $2$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 56 x^{8} + 2 \cdot 3 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.1.3

Multiply $2$ by $3$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (196 x^{8} + 56 x^{8} + 6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.2

Add $196 x^{8}$ and $56 x^{8}$ .

$\frac{(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (252 x^{8} + 6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.3

Expand $(- 7 x^{7} + 1) (252 x^{8} + 6 x)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.17.4.1.3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 7 x^{7} (252 x^{8} + 6 x) + 1 (252 x^{8} + 6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.3.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 7 x^{7} (252 x^{8}) - 7 x^{7} (6 x) + 1 (252 x^{8} + 6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.3.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 7 x^{7} (252 x^{8}) - 7 x^{7} (6 x) + 1 (252 x^{8}) + 1 (6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.4

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.17.4.1.4.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.17.4.1.4.1.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{- 7 \cdot 252 x^{7} x^{8} - 7 x^{7} (6 x) + 1 (252 x^{8}) + 1 (6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.4.1.2

Multiply $x^{7}$ by $x^{8}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.17.4.1.4.1.2.1

Move $x^{8}$ .

$\frac{- 7 \cdot 252 (x^{8} x^{7}) - 7 x^{7} (6 x) + 1 (252 x^{8}) + 1 (6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.4.1.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- 7 \cdot 252 x^{8 + 7} - 7 x^{7} (6 x) + 1 (252 x^{8}) + 1 (6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.4.1.2.3

Add $8$ and $7$ .

$\frac{- 7 \cdot 252 x^{15} - 7 x^{7} (6 x) + 1 (252 x^{8}) + 1 (6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.4.1.3

Multiply $- 7$ by $252$ .

$\frac{- 1764 x^{15} - 7 x^{7} (6 x) + 1 (252 x^{8}) + 1 (6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.4.1.4

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{- 1764 x^{15} - 7 \cdot 6 x^{7} x + 1 (252 x^{8}) + 1 (6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.4.1.5

Multiply $x^{7}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.17.4.1.4.1.5.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{- 1764 x^{15} - 7 \cdot 6 (x \cdot x^{7}) + 1 (252 x^{8}) + 1 (6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.4.1.5.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{7}$ .

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Step 2.17.4.1.4.1.5.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- 1764 x^{15} - 7 \cdot 6 (x^{1} x^{7}) + 1 (252 x^{8}) + 1 (6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.4.1.5.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- 1764 x^{15} - 7 \cdot 6 x^{1 + 7} + 1 (252 x^{8}) + 1 (6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.4.1.5.3

Add $1$ and $7$ .

$\frac{- 1764 x^{15} - 7 \cdot 6 x^{8} + 1 (252 x^{8}) + 1 (6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.4.1.6

Multiply $- 7$ by $6$ .

$\frac{- 1764 x^{15} - 42 x^{8} + 1 (252 x^{8}) + 1 (6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.4.1.7

Multiply $252 x^{8}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- 1764 x^{15} - 42 x^{8} + 252 x^{8} + 1 (6 x) + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.4.1.8

Multiply $6 x$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- 1764 x^{15} - 42 x^{8} + 252 x^{8} + 6 x + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.4.2

Add $- 42 x^{8}$ and $252 x^{8}$ .

$\frac{- 1764 x^{15} + 210 x^{8} + 6 x + 98 x^{8} (28 x^{7}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.5

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{- 1764 x^{15} + 210 x^{8} + 6 x + 98 \cdot 28 x^{8} x^{7} + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.6

Multiply $x^{8}$ by $x^{7}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.17.4.1.6.1

Move $x^{7}$ .

$\frac{- 1764 x^{15} + 210 x^{8} + 6 x + 98 \cdot 28 (x^{7} x^{8}) + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.6.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- 1764 x^{15} + 210 x^{8} + 6 x + 98 \cdot 28 x^{7 + 8} + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.6.3

Add $7$ and $8$ .

$\frac{- 1764 x^{15} + 210 x^{8} + 6 x + 98 \cdot 28 x^{15} + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.7

Multiply $98$ by $28$ .

$\frac{- 1764 x^{15} + 210 x^{8} + 6 x + 2744 x^{15} + 98 x^{8} \cdot 3}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.1.8

Multiply $3$ by $98$ .

$\frac{- 1764 x^{15} + 210 x^{8} + 6 x + 2744 x^{15} + 294 x^{8}}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.2

Add $- 1764 x^{15}$ and $2744 x^{15}$ .

$\frac{980 x^{15} + 210 x^{8} + 6 x + 294 x^{8}}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.4.3

Add $210 x^{8}$ and $294 x^{8}$ .

$\frac{980 x^{15} + 504 x^{8} + 6 x}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.5

Factor $2 x$ out of $980 x^{15} + 504 x^{8} + 6 x$ .

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Step 2.17.5.1

Factor $2 x$ out of $980 x^{15}$ .

$\frac{2 x (490 x^{14}) + 504 x^{8} + 6 x}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.5.2

Factor $2 x$ out of $504 x^{8}$ .

$\frac{2 x (490 x^{14}) + 2 x (252 x^{7}) + 6 x}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.5.3

Factor $2 x$ out of $6 x$ .

$\frac{2 x (490 x^{14}) + 2 x (252 x^{7}) + 2 x (3)}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.5.4

Factor $2 x$ out of $2 x (490 x^{14}) + 2 x (252 x^{7})$ .

$\frac{2 x (490 x^{14} + 252 x^{7}) + 2 x (3)}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 2.17.5.5

Factor $2 x$ out of $2 x (490 x^{14} + 252 x^{7}) + 2 x (3)$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{2 x (490 x^{14} + 252 x^{7} + 3)}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$

Step 3

The second derivative of $f (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{2 x (490 x^{14} + 252 x^{7} + 3)}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$ .

$\frac{2 x (490 x^{14} + 252 x^{7} + 3)}{{(- 7 x^{7} + 1)}^{3}}$