Calculus Examples

Find the Local Maxima and Minima f(x)=10-20/(4x^2-52x+179)
Step 1
Find the first derivative of the function.
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Step 1.1
Differentiate.
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Step 1.1.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.1.2
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2
Evaluate .
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Step 1.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.2
Rewrite as .
Step 1.2.3
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
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Step 1.2.3.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 1.2.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.2.3.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 1.2.4
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.5
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.6
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.2.7
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.8
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.2.9
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.10
Multiply by .
Step 1.2.11
Multiply by .
Step 1.2.12
Add and .
Step 1.2.13
Multiply by .
Step 1.3
Simplify.
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Step 1.3.1
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 1.3.2
Combine terms.
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Step 1.3.2.1
Combine and .
Step 1.3.2.2
Add and .
Step 1.3.3
Reorder the factors of .
Step 1.3.4
Multiply by .
Step 1.3.5
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 1.3.5.1
Factor out of .
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Step 1.3.5.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.3.5.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 1.3.5.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 1.3.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 2
Find the second derivative of the function.
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Step 2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2
Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.3
Differentiate.
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Step 2.3.1
Multiply the exponents in .
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Step 2.3.1.1
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 2.3.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.3.2
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.3.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.3.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.3.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.3.6
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.3.7
Simplify the expression.
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Step 2.3.7.1
Add and .
Step 2.3.7.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.4
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
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Step 2.4.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 2.4.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.4.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 2.5
Differentiate.
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Step 2.5.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.2
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.5.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.5.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.5.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.6
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.5.7
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.5.8
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.9
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.5.10
Combine fractions.
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Step 2.5.10.1
Add and .
Step 2.5.10.2
Combine and .
Step 2.6
Simplify.
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Step 2.6.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.6.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.6.3
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 2.6.3.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 2.6.3.1.1
Rewrite as .
Step 2.6.3.1.2
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 2.6.3.1.3
Simplify each term.
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Step 2.6.3.1.3.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.6.3.1.3.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 2.6.3.1.3.2.1
Move .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.6.3.1.3.2.3
Add and .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.6.3.1.3.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 2.6.3.1.3.5.1
Move .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.5.2
Multiply by .
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Step 2.6.3.1.3.5.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.5.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.6.3.1.3.5.3
Add and .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.6
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.7
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.8
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.6.3.1.3.9
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 2.6.3.1.3.9.1
Move .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.9.2
Multiply by .
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Step 2.6.3.1.3.9.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.9.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.6.3.1.3.9.3
Add and .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.10
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.11
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.6.3.1.3.12
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 2.6.3.1.3.12.1
Move .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.12.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.13
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.14
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.15
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.16
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.3.17
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.4
Subtract from .
Step 2.6.3.1.5
Add and .
Step 2.6.3.1.6
Add and .
Step 2.6.3.1.7
Subtract from .
Step 2.6.3.1.8
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.6.3.1.9
Simplify.
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Step 2.6.3.1.9.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.9.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.9.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.9.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.9.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.10
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.6.3.1.11
Simplify.
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Step 2.6.3.1.11.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.11.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.11.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.11.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.11.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.12
Simplify each term.
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Step 2.6.3.1.12.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.12.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.13
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 2.6.3.1.14
Simplify each term.
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Step 2.6.3.1.14.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.6.3.1.14.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 2.6.3.1.14.2.1
Move .
Step 2.6.3.1.14.2.2
Multiply by .
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Step 2.6.3.1.14.2.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.6.3.1.14.2.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.6.3.1.14.2.3
Add and .
Step 2.6.3.1.14.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.14.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.14.5
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.6.3.1.14.6
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 2.6.3.1.14.6.1
Move .
Step 2.6.3.1.14.6.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.14.7
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.14.8
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.14.9
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.14.10
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.15
Subtract from .
Step 2.6.3.1.16
Add and .
Step 2.6.3.1.17
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 2.6.3.1.18
Simplify each term.
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Step 2.6.3.1.18.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.6.3.1.18.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 2.6.3.1.18.2.1
Move .
Step 2.6.3.1.18.2.2
Multiply by .
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Step 2.6.3.1.18.2.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.6.3.1.18.2.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.6.3.1.18.2.3
Add and .
Step 2.6.3.1.18.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.18.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.6.3.1.18.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 2.6.3.1.18.5.1
Move .
Step 2.6.3.1.18.5.2
Multiply by .
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Step 2.6.3.1.18.5.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.6.3.1.18.5.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.6.3.1.18.5.3
Add and .
Step 2.6.3.1.18.6
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.18.7
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.6.3.1.18.8
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 2.6.3.1.18.8.1
Move .
Step 2.6.3.1.18.8.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.18.9
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.18.10
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.18.11
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.18.12
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.18.13
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.18.14
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.19
Add and .
Step 2.6.3.1.20
Subtract from .
Step 2.6.3.1.21
Add and .
Step 2.6.3.1.22
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.6.3.1.23
Simplify.
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Step 2.6.3.1.23.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.23.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.23.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.23.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.1.23.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.6.3.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.6.3.3
Add and .
Step 2.6.3.4
Subtract from .
Step 2.6.3.5
Add and .
Step 2.6.3.6
Subtract from .
Step 2.6.4
Factor out of .
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Step 2.6.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.4.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.4.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.4.4
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.4.5
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.4.6
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.4.7
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.4.8
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.4.9
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.5
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.6
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.7
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.8
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.9
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.10
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.11
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.12
Rewrite as .
Step 2.6.13
Factor out of .
Step 2.6.14
Rewrite as .
Step 2.6.15
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3
To find the local maximum and minimum values of the function, set the derivative equal to and solve.
Step 4
Find the first derivative.
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Step 4.1
Find the first derivative.
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Step 4.1.1
Differentiate.
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Step 4.1.1.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.1.2
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2
Evaluate .
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Step 4.1.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.2
Rewrite as .
Step 4.1.2.3
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
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Step 4.1.2.3.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 4.1.2.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.2.3.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 4.1.2.4
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.5
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.6
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.2.7
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.8
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.2.9
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.10
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.11
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.12
Add and .
Step 4.1.2.13
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3
Simplify.
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Step 4.1.3.1
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 4.1.3.2
Combine terms.
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Step 4.1.3.2.1
Combine and .
Step 4.1.3.2.2
Add and .
Step 4.1.3.3
Reorder the factors of .
Step 4.1.3.4
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3.5
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 4.1.3.5.1
Factor out of .
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Step 4.1.3.5.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.3.5.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.3.5.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.3.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5
Set the first derivative equal to then solve the equation .
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Step 5.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 5.2
Set the numerator equal to zero.
Step 5.3
Solve the equation for .
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Step 5.3.1
Divide each term in by and simplify.
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Step 5.3.1.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 5.3.1.2
Simplify the left side.
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Step 5.3.1.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 5.3.1.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 5.3.1.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 5.3.1.3
Simplify the right side.
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Step 5.3.1.3.1
Divide by .
Step 5.3.2
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 5.3.3
Divide each term in by and simplify.
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Step 5.3.3.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 5.3.3.2
Simplify the left side.
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Step 5.3.3.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 5.3.3.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 5.3.3.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 6
Find the values where the derivative is undefined.
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Step 6.1
The domain of the expression is all real numbers except where the expression is undefined. In this case, there is no real number that makes the expression undefined.
Step 7
Critical points to evaluate.
Step 8
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 9
Evaluate the second derivative.
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Step 9.1
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 9.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 9.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 9.1.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.1.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.6
Apply the product rule to .
Step 9.1.7
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.9
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 9.1.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.9.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.1.9.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.1.10
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.11
Apply the product rule to .
Step 9.1.12
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.13
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.14
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 9.1.14.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.14.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.1.14.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.1.15
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.16
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 9.1.16.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.16.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.1.16.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.1.17
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.18
Subtract from .
Step 9.1.19
Add and .
Step 9.1.20
Subtract from .
Step 9.1.21
Add and .
Step 9.2
Simplify the denominator.
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Step 9.2.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 9.2.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.2.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.2.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 9.2.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.2.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.2.5
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 9.2.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.2.5.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.2.5.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.2.6
Multiply by .
Step 9.2.7
Subtract from .
Step 9.2.8
Add and .
Step 9.2.9
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.3
Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.
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Step 9.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.3.2
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 9.3.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.3.2.2
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 9.3.2.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.3.2.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.3.2.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.3.3
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 9.4
Multiply .
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Step 9.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 10
is a local minimum because the value of the second derivative is positive. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local minimum
Step 11
Find the y-value when .
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Step 11.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 11.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 11.2.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 11.2.1.1
Simplify the denominator.
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Step 11.2.1.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 11.2.1.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.1.1.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.1.1.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 11.2.1.1.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.1.1.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.1.1.5
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 11.2.1.1.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.1.5.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.1.1.5.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.1.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.1.7
Subtract from .
Step 11.2.1.1.8
Add and .
Step 11.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 11.2.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 11.2.3
The final answer is .
Step 12
These are the local extrema for .
is a local minima
Step 13