Calculus Examples

$\arctan (2 x - x^{2})$

Step 1

Find the first derivative.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.1

Find the first derivative.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.1.1

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \arctan (x)$ and $g (x) = 2 x - x^{2}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.1.1.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $2 x - x^{2}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u} [\arctan (u)] \frac{d}{d x} [2 x - x^{2}]$

Step 1.1.1.2

The derivative of $\arctan (u)$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{1}{1 + u^{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + u^{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x - x^{2}]$

Step 1.1.1.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $2 x - x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 x - x^{2}]$

Step 1.1.2

Differentiate.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.1.2.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 x - x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}]$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}} (\frac{d}{d x} [2 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}])$

Step 1.1.2.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}} (2 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}])$

Step 1.1.2.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}} (2 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}])$

Step 1.1.2.4

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}} (2 + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}])$

Step 1.1.2.5

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}} (2 - \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])$

Step 1.1.2.6

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}} (2 - (2 x))$

Step 1.1.2.7

Simplify the expression.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.1.2.7.1

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}} (2 - 2 x)$

Step 1.1.2.7.2

Reorder the factors of $\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}} (2 - 2 x)$ .

$f' (x) = (2 - 2 x) \frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 1.2

The first derivative of $f (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $(2 - 2 x) (\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}})$ .

$(2 - 2 x) (\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}})$

Step 2

Set the first derivative equal to $0$ then solve the equation $(2 - 2 x) (\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}}) = 0$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.1

Set the first derivative equal to $0$ .

$(2 - 2 x) (\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}}) = 0$

Step 2.2

If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to $0$ , the entire expression will be equal to $0$ .

$2 - 2 x = 0$

$\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}} = 0$

Step 2.3

Set $2 - 2 x$ equal to $0$ and solve for $x$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.3.1

Set $2 - 2 x$ equal to $0$ .

$2 - 2 x = 0$

Step 2.3.2

Solve $2 - 2 x = 0$ for $x$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.3.2.1

Subtract $2$ from both sides of the equation.

$- 2 x = - 2$

Step 2.3.2.2

Divide each term in $- 2 x = - 2$ by $- 2$ and simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.3.2.2.1

Divide each term in $- 2 x = - 2$ by $- 2$ .

$\frac{- 2 x}{- 2} = \frac{- 2}{- 2}$

Step 2.3.2.2.2

Simplify the left side.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.3.2.2.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $- 2$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.3.2.2.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 2 x}{- 2} = \frac{- 2}{- 2}$

Step 2.3.2.2.2.1.2

Divide $x$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{- 2}{- 2}$

Step 2.3.2.2.3

Simplify the right side.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.3.2.2.3.1

Divide $- 2$ by $- 2$ .

$x = 1$

Step 2.4

Set $\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}}$ equal to $0$ and solve for $x$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.1

Set $\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}}$ equal to $0$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}} = 0$

Step 2.4.2

Solve $\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}} = 0$ for $x$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.2.1

Set the numerator equal to zero.

$1 = 0$

Step 2.4.2.2

Since $1 \neq 0$ , there are no solutions.

No solution

Step 2.5

The final solution is all the values that make $(2 - 2 x) (\frac{1}{1 + {(2 x - x^{2})}^{2}}) = 0$ true.

$x = 1$

Step 3

Find the values where the derivative is undefined.

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.1

The domain of the expression is all real numbers except where the expression is undefined. In this case, there is no real number that makes the expression undefined.

Step 4

Evaluate $\arctan (2 x - x^{2})$ at each $x$ value where the derivative is $0$ or undefined.

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.1

Evaluate at $x = 1$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.1.1

Substitute $1$ for $x$ .

$\arctan (2 (1) - {(1)}^{2})$

Step 4.1.2

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.1.2.1

Simplify each term.

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.1.2.1.1

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$\arctan (2 - {(1)}^{2})$

Step 4.1.2.1.2

One to any power is one.

$\arctan (2 - 1 \cdot 1)$

Step 4.1.2.1.3

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\arctan (2 - 1)$

Step 4.1.2.2

Subtract $1$ from $2$ .

$\arctan (1)$

Step 4.1.2.3

The exact value of $\arctan (1)$ is $\frac{π}{4}$ .

$\frac{π}{4}$

Step 4.2

List all of the points.

$(1, \frac{π}{4})$

Step 5