Calculus Examples

${(x^{- 1} + 2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 1

Use the binomial expansion theorem to find each term. The binomial theorem states ${(a + b)}^{n} = \sum_{k = 0}^{n} n C k \cdot (a^{n - k} b^{k})$ .

$\sum_{k = 0}^{4} \frac{4!}{(4 - k)! k!} \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{4 - k} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{k}$

Step 2

Expand the summation.

$\frac{4!}{(4 - 0)! 0!} \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{4 - 0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{0} + \frac{4!}{(4 - 1)! 1!} \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{4 - 1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + \frac{4!}{(4 - 2)! 2!} \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{4 - 2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + \frac{4!}{(4 - 3)! 3!} \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{4 - 3} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + \frac{4!}{(4 - 4)! 4!} \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{4 - 4} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 3

Simplify the exponents for each term of the expansion.

$1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{4} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{0} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{3} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4

Simplify each term.

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Step 4.1

Multiply ${(x^{- 1})}^{4}$ by $1$ .

${(x^{- 1})}^{4} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{0} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{3} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.2

Multiply the exponents in ${(x^{- 1})}^{4}$ .

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Step 4.2.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$x^{- 1 \cdot 4} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{0} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{3} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.2.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$x^{- 4} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{0} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{3} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.3

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{0} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{3} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.4

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} \cdot {(2 \frac{1}{y})}^{0} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{3} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.5

Combine $2$ and $\frac{1}{y}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} \cdot {(\frac{2}{y})}^{0} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{3} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.6

Apply the product rule to $\frac{2}{y}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} \cdot \frac{2^{0}}{y^{0}} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{3} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.7

Combine.

$\frac{1 \cdot 2^{0}}{x^{4} y^{0}} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{3} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.8

Multiply $2^{0}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2^{0}}{x^{4} y^{0}} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{3} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.9

Anything raised to $0$ is $1$ .

$\frac{2^{0}}{x^{4} \cdot 1} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{3} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.10

Anything raised to $0$ is $1$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4} \cdot 1} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{3} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.11

Multiply $x^{4}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{3} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.12

Multiply the exponents in ${(x^{- 1})}^{3}$ .

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Step 4.12.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + 4 \cdot x^{- 1 \cdot 3} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.12.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + 4 \cdot x^{- 3} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.13

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{x^{3}} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.14

Combine $4$ and $\frac{1}{x^{3}}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{4}{x^{3}} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.15

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{4}{x^{3}} \cdot {(2 \frac{1}{y})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.16

Combine $2$ and $\frac{1}{y}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{4}{x^{3}} \cdot {(\frac{2}{y})}^{1} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.17

Simplify.

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{4}{x^{3}} \cdot \frac{2}{y} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.18

Combine.

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{4 \cdot 2}{x^{3} y} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.19

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + 6 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.20

Multiply the exponents in ${(x^{- 1})}^{2}$ .

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Step 4.20.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + 6 \cdot x^{- 1 \cdot 2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.20.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + 6 \cdot x^{- 2} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.21

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + 6 \cdot \frac{1}{x^{2}} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.22

Combine $6$ and $\frac{1}{x^{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{6}{x^{2}} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.23

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{6}{x^{2}} \cdot {(2 \frac{1}{y})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.24

Combine $2$ and $\frac{1}{y}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{6}{x^{2}} \cdot {(\frac{2}{y})}^{2} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.25

Apply the product rule to $\frac{2}{y}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{6}{x^{2}} \cdot \frac{2^{2}}{y^{2}} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.26

Combine.

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{6 \cdot 2^{2}}{x^{2} y^{2}} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.27

Raise $2$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{6 \cdot 4}{x^{2} y^{2}} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.28

Multiply $6$ by $4$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + 4 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.29

Multiply the exponents in ${(x^{- 1})}^{1}$ .

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Step 4.29.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + 4 \cdot x^{- 1 \cdot 1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.29.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + 4 \cdot x^{- 1} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.30

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + 4 \cdot \frac{1}{x} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.31

Combine $4$ and $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{4}{x} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.32

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{4}{x} \cdot {(2 \frac{1}{y})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.33

Combine $2$ and $\frac{1}{y}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{4}{x} \cdot {(\frac{2}{y})}^{3} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.34

Apply the product rule to $\frac{2}{y}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{4}{x} \cdot \frac{2^{3}}{y^{3}} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.35

Combine.

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{4 \cdot 2^{3}}{x y^{3}} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.36

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.36.1

Rewrite $4$ as $2^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{2^{2} \cdot 2^{3}}{x y^{3}} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.36.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{2^{2 + 3}}{x y^{3}} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.36.3

Add $2$ and $3$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{2^{5}}{x y^{3}} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.37

Raise $2$ to the power of $5$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{32}{x y^{3}} + 1 \cdot {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.38

Multiply ${(x^{- 1})}^{0}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{32}{x y^{3}} + {(x^{- 1})}^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.39

Multiply the exponents in ${(x^{- 1})}^{0}$ .

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Step 4.39.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{32}{x y^{3}} + x^{- 0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.39.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $0$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{32}{x y^{3}} + x^{0} \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.40

Anything raised to $0$ is $1$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{32}{x y^{3}} + 1 \cdot {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.41

Multiply ${(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{32}{x y^{3}} + {(2 y^{- 1})}^{4}$

Step 4.42

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{32}{x y^{3}} + {(2 \frac{1}{y})}^{4}$

Step 4.43

Combine $2$ and $\frac{1}{y}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{32}{x y^{3}} + {(\frac{2}{y})}^{4}$

Step 4.44

Apply the product rule to $\frac{2}{y}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{32}{x y^{3}} + \frac{2^{4}}{y^{4}}$

Step 4.45

Raise $2$ to the power of $4$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{4}} + \frac{8}{x^{3} y} + \frac{24}{x^{2} y^{2}} + \frac{32}{x y^{3}} + \frac{16}{y^{4}}$