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Calculus Examples
Step 1
Write as a function.
Step 2
Step 2.1
Find the first derivative.
Step 2.1.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.1.2
Evaluate .
Step 2.1.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.1.2.2
Rewrite as .
Step 2.1.2.3
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 2.1.2.3.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 2.1.2.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.1.2.3.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 2.1.2.4
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.1.2.5
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.1.2.6
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.1.2.7
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 2.1.2.7.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 2.1.2.7.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.1.2.7.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 2.1.2.8
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.1.2.9
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.1.2.10
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.1.2.11
Add and .
Step 2.1.2.12
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.13
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.14
Add and .
Step 2.1.2.15
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.2.16
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.1.4
Simplify.
Step 2.1.4.1
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 2.1.4.2
Combine terms.
Step 2.1.4.2.1
Combine and .
Step 2.1.4.2.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.1.4.2.3
Add and .
Step 2.1.4.3
Reorder the factors of .
Step 2.1.4.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.1.4.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.4.6
Simplify the denominator.
Step 2.1.4.6.1
Rewrite as .
Step 2.1.4.6.2
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 2.1.4.6.2.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.1.4.6.2.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.1.4.6.2.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.1.4.6.3
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 2.1.4.6.3.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.1.4.6.3.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.4.6.3.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.1.4.6.3.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.4.6.3.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.1.4.6.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.1.4.6.5
Simplify.
Step 2.1.4.6.5.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.4.6.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.4.6.6
Add and .
Step 2.1.4.6.7
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.6.7.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.6.7.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.6.7.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.6.7.4
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.6.7.5
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.6.8
Apply the product rule to .
Step 2.1.4.6.9
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.1.4.7
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.8
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.9
Separate fractions.
Step 2.1.4.10
Divide by .
Step 2.1.4.11
Combine and .
Step 2.1.4.12
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.4.13
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.1.4.13.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.13.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.13.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.13.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.13.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.1.4.14
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.15
Rewrite as .
Step 2.1.4.16
Factor out of .
Step 2.1.4.17
Rewrite as .
Step 2.1.4.18
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3
Step 3.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 3.2
Set the numerator equal to zero.
Step 3.3
Solve the equation for .
Step 3.3.1
Divide each term in by and simplify.
Step 3.3.1.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 3.3.1.2
Simplify the left side.
Step 3.3.1.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 3.3.1.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.3.1.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 3.3.1.3
Simplify the right side.
Step 3.3.1.3.1
Divide by .
Step 3.3.2
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 3.3.3
Divide each term in by and simplify.
Step 3.3.3.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 3.3.3.2
Simplify the left side.
Step 3.3.3.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 3.3.3.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.3.3.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 4
The values which make the derivative equal to are .
Step 5
After finding the point that makes the derivative equal to or undefined, the interval to check where is increasing and where it is decreasing is .
Step 6
Step 6.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 6.2
Simplify the result.
Step 6.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 6.2.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 6.2.2.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 6.2.2.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 6.2.2.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 6.2.2.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 6.2.2.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 6.2.2.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 6.2.2.5
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 6.2.2.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 6.2.2.5.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 6.2.2.5.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 6.2.2.6
Multiply by .
Step 6.2.2.7
Subtract from .
Step 6.2.2.8
Add and .
Step 6.2.2.9
Raise to the power of .
Step 6.2.3
Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.
Step 6.2.3.1
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 6.2.3.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 6.2.3.1.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 6.2.3.1.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 6.2.3.1.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 6.2.3.1.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 6.2.3.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 6.2.4
The final answer is .
Step 6.3
At the derivative is . Since this is positive, the function is increasing on .
Increasing on since
Increasing on since
Step 7
Step 7.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 7.2
Simplify the result.
Step 7.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 7.2.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 7.2.2.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 7.2.2.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 7.2.2.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 7.2.2.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 7.2.2.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 7.2.2.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 7.2.2.5
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 7.2.2.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 7.2.2.5.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 7.2.2.5.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 7.2.2.6
Multiply by .
Step 7.2.2.7
Subtract from .
Step 7.2.2.8
Add and .
Step 7.2.2.9
Raise to the power of .
Step 7.2.3
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 7.2.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 7.2.3.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 7.2.3.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 7.2.3.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 7.2.3.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 7.2.4
The final answer is .
Step 7.3
At the derivative is . Since this is negative, the function is decreasing on .
Decreasing on since
Decreasing on since
Step 8
List the intervals on which the function is increasing and decreasing.
Increasing on:
Decreasing on:
Step 9