Calculus Examples

$- \sin (x) - \cos (x)$

Step 1

Set $- \sin (x) - \cos (x)$ equal to $0$ .

$- \sin (x) - \cos (x) = 0$

Step 2

Solve for $x$ .

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Step 2.1

Divide each term in the equation by $\cos (x)$ .

$\frac{- \sin (x)}{\cos (x)} + \frac{- \cos (x)}{\cos (x)} = \frac{0}{\cos (x)}$

Step 2.2

Separate fractions.

$\frac{- 1}{1} \cdot \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)} + \frac{- \cos (x)}{\cos (x)} = \frac{0}{\cos (x)}$

Step 2.3

Convert from $\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}$ to $\tan (x)$ .

$\frac{- 1}{1} \cdot \tan (x) + \frac{- \cos (x)}{\cos (x)} = \frac{0}{\cos (x)}$

Step 2.4

Divide $- 1$ by $1$ .

$- \tan (x) + \frac{- \cos (x)}{\cos (x)} = \frac{0}{\cos (x)}$

Step 2.5

Cancel the common factor of $\cos (x)$ .

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Step 2.5.1

Cancel the common factor.

$- \tan (x) + \frac{- \cos (x)}{\cos (x)} = \frac{0}{\cos (x)}$

Step 2.5.2

Divide $- 1$ by $1$ .

$- \tan (x) - 1 = \frac{0}{\cos (x)}$

Step 2.6

Separate fractions.

$- \tan (x) - 1 = \frac{0}{1} \cdot \frac{1}{\cos (x)}$

Step 2.7

Convert from $\frac{1}{\cos (x)}$ to $\sec (x)$ .

$- \tan (x) - 1 = \frac{0}{1} \cdot \sec (x)$

Step 2.8

Divide $0$ by $1$ .

$- \tan (x) - 1 = 0 \sec (x)$

Step 2.9

Multiply $0$ by $\sec (x)$ .

$- \tan (x) - 1 = 0$

Step 2.10

Add $1$ to both sides of the equation.

$- \tan (x) = 1$

Step 2.11

Divide each term in $- \tan (x) = 1$ by $- 1$ and simplify.

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Step 2.11.1

Divide each term in $- \tan (x) = 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{- \tan (x)}{- 1} = \frac{1}{- 1}$

Step 2.11.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 2.11.2.1

Dividing two negative values results in a positive value.

$\frac{\tan (x)}{1} = \frac{1}{- 1}$

Step 2.11.2.2

Divide $\tan (x)$ by $1$ .

$\tan (x) = \frac{1}{- 1}$

Step 2.11.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 2.11.3.1

Divide $1$ by $- 1$ .

$\tan (x) = - 1$

Step 2.12

Take the inverse tangent of both sides of the equation to extract $x$ from inside the tangent.

$x = \arctan (- 1)$

Step 2.13

Simplify the right side.

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Step 2.13.1

The exact value of $\arctan (- 1)$ is $- \frac{π}{4}$ .

$x = - \frac{π}{4}$

Step 2.14

The tangent function is negative in the second and fourth quadrants. To find the second solution, subtract the reference angle from $π$ to find the solution in the third quadrant.

$x = - \frac{π}{4} - π$

Step 2.15

Simplify the expression to find the second solution.

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Step 2.15.1

Add $2 π$ to $- \frac{π}{4} - π$ .

$x = - \frac{π}{4} - π + 2 π$

Step 2.15.2

The resulting angle of $\frac{3 π}{4}$ is positive and coterminal with $- \frac{π}{4} - π$ .

$x = \frac{3 π}{4}$

Step 2.16

Find the period of $\tan (x)$ .

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Step 2.16.1

The period of the function can be calculated using $\frac{π}{| b |}$ .

$\frac{π}{| b |}$

Step 2.16.2

Replace $b$ with $1$ in the formula for period.

$\frac{π}{| 1 |}$

Step 2.16.3

The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between $0$ and $1$ is $1$ .

$\frac{π}{1}$

Step 2.16.4

Divide $π$ by $1$ .

$π$

Step 2.17

Add $π$ to every negative angle to get positive angles.

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Step 2.17.1

Add $π$ to $- \frac{π}{4}$ to find the positive angle.

$- \frac{π}{4} + π$

Step 2.17.2

To write $π$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{4}{4}$ .

$π \cdot \frac{4}{4} - \frac{π}{4}$

Step 2.17.3

Combine fractions.

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Step 2.17.3.1

Combine $π$ and $\frac{4}{4}$ .

$\frac{π \cdot 4}{4} - \frac{π}{4}$

Step 2.17.3.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{π \cdot 4 - π}{4}$

Step 2.17.4

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 2.17.4.1

Move $4$ to the left of $π$ .

$\frac{4 \cdot π - π}{4}$

Step 2.17.4.2

Subtract $π$ from $4 π$ .

$\frac{3 π}{4}$

Step 2.17.5

List the new angles.

$x = \frac{3 π}{4}$

Step 2.18

The period of the $\tan (x)$ function is $π$ so values will repeat every $π$ radians in both directions.

$x = \frac{3 π}{4} + π n, \frac{3 π}{4} + π n$ , for any integer $n$

Step 3