Calculus Examples

$y = 4 x \sin^{-1} (x)$

Step 1

Find the first derivative.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.1

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $4 x \sin^{-1} (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $4 \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin^{-1} (x)]$ .

$4 \frac{d}{d x} [x \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 1.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = \sin^{-1} (x)$ .

$4 (x \frac{d}{d x} [\sin^{-1} (x)] + \sin^{-1} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 1.3

The derivative of $\sin^{-1} (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}$ .

$4 (x \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}} + \sin^{-1} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 1.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.4.1

Combine $x$ and $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}$ .

$4 (\frac{x}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}} + \sin^{-1} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 1.4.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$4 (\frac{x}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}} + \sin^{-1} (x) \cdot 1)$

Step 1.4.3

Multiply $\sin^{-1} (x)$ by $1$ .

$4 (\frac{x}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}} + \sin^{-1} (x))$

Step 1.5

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 1.5.1

Apply the distributive property.

$4 \frac{x}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}} + 4 \sin^{-1} (x)$

Step 1.5.2

Combine $4$ and $\frac{x}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}$ .

$f' (x) = \frac{4 x}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}} + 4 \sin^{-1} (x)$

Step 2

Find the second derivative.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $\frac{4 x}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}} + 4 \sin^{-1} (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 x}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 x}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 x}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}]$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.2.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}$ as ${(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 x}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.2

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{4 x}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ with respect to $x$ is $4 \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}]$ .

$4 \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}] + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.3

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x] - x \frac{d}{d x} [{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x \frac{d}{d x} [{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.5

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = 1 - x^{2}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.2.5.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $1 - x^{2}$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x (\frac{d}{d u} [u^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [1 - x^{2}])}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.5.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x (\frac{1}{2} u^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - x^{2}])}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.5.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $1 - x^{2}$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - x^{2}])}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.6

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $1 - x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}]$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} (\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}]))}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.7

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}]))}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.8

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} (0 - \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]))}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.9

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} (0 - (2 x)))}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.10

Multiply ${(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $1$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} (0 - (2 x)))}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.11

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} (0 - (2 x)))}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.12

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} (0 - (2 x)))}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.13

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} (0 - (2 x)))}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.14

Simplify the numerator.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.2.14.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} (0 - (2 x)))}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.14.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} (0 - (2 x)))}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.15

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} (0 - (2 x)))}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.16

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} (0 - 2 x))}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.17

Subtract $2 x$ from $0$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} (- 2 x))}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.18

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(1 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} (- 2 x))}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.19

Combine $- 2$ and $\frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{- 2 {(1 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} x)}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.20

Combine $\frac{- 2 {(1 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ and $x$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x \frac{- 2 {(1 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} x}{2}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.21

Move ${(1 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x \frac{- 2 x}{2 {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.22

Factor $2$ out of $- 2 x$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x \frac{2 (- x)}{2 {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.23

Cancel the common factors.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.2.23.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x \frac{2 (- x)}{2 ({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.23.2

Cancel the common factor.

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x \frac{2 (- x)}{2 {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.23.3

Rewrite the expression.

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x \frac{- x}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.24

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (- \frac{x}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.25

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 1 x \frac{x}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.26

Multiply $x$ by $1$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + x \frac{x}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.27

Combine $x$ and $\frac{x}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x \cdot x}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.28

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x^{1} x}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.29

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x^{1} x^{1}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.30

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x^{1 + 1}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.31

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$4 \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x^{2}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.32

To write ${(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$4 \frac{\frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{2}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.33

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$4 \frac{\frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + x^{2}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.34

Multiply ${(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by ${(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.2.34.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$4 \frac{\frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} + x^{2}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.34.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$4 \frac{\frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1 + 1}{2}} + x^{2}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.34.3

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$4 \frac{\frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{2}{2}} + x^{2}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.34.4

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$4 \frac{\frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{1} + x^{2}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.35

Simplify ${(1 - x^{2})}^{1}$ .

$4 \frac{\frac{1 - x^{2} + x^{2}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.36

Add $- x^{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$4 \frac{\frac{1 + 0}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.37

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$4 \frac{\frac{1}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.38

Multiply the exponents in ${({(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.2.38.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$4 \frac{\frac{1}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.38.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.2.38.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$4 \frac{\frac{1}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.38.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$4 \frac{\frac{1}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{1}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.39

Simplify.

$4 \frac{\frac{1}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 - x^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.40

Rewrite $\frac{\frac{1}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 - x^{2}}$ as a product.

$4 (\frac{1}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{1 - x^{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.41

Multiply $\frac{1}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $\frac{1}{1 - x^{2}}$ .

$4 \frac{1}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (1 - x^{2})} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.42

Multiply ${(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $1 - x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.2.42.1

Multiply ${(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $1 - x^{2}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.2.42.1.1

Raise $1 - x^{2}$ to the power of $1$ .

$4 \frac{1}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{1}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.42.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$4 \frac{1}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + 1}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.42.2

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$4 \frac{1}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{2}}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.42.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$4 \frac{1}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1 + 2}{2}}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.42.4

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$4 \frac{1}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.2.43

Combine $4$ and $\frac{1}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [4 \sin^{-1} (x)]$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.3.1

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $4 \sin^{-1} (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $4 \frac{d}{d x} [\sin^{-1} (x)]$ .

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + 4 \frac{d}{d x} [\sin^{-1} (x)]$

Step 2.3.2

The derivative of $\sin^{-1} (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}$ .

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + 4 \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}$

Step 2.3.3

Combine $4$ and $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}$ .

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{4}{\sqrt{1 - x^{2}}}$

Step 2.4

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.1

Simplify each term.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.1.1

Simplify the denominator.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.1.1.1

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{4}{\sqrt{1^{2} - x^{2}}}$

Step 2.4.1.1.2

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = 1$ and $b = x$ .

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{4}{\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}$

Step 2.4.1.2

Multiply $\frac{4}{\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}$ .

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{4}{\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}$

Step 2.4.1.3

Combine and simplify the denominator.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.1.3.1

Multiply $\frac{4}{\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}$ .

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)} \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}$

Step 2.4.1.3.2

Raise $\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{{\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}^{1} \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}$

Step 2.4.1.3.3

Raise $\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{{\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}^{1} {\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}^{1}}$

Step 2.4.1.3.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{{\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}^{1 + 1}}$

Step 2.4.1.3.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{{\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}^{2}}$

Step 2.4.1.3.6

Rewrite ${\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}^{2}$ as $(1 + x) (1 - x)$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.1.3.6.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}$ as ${((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{{({((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 2.4.1.3.6.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{{((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 2.4.1.3.6.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{{((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{2}{2}}}$

Step 2.4.1.3.6.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.1.3.6.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{{((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{2}{2}}}$

Step 2.4.1.3.6.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{{((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{1}}$

Step 2.4.1.3.6.5

Simplify.

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{(1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.2

To write $\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{(1 + x) (1 - x)}{(1 + x) (1 - x)}$ .

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} \cdot \frac{(1 + x) (1 - x)}{(1 + x) (1 - x)} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{(1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.3

To write $\frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{(1 + x) (1 - x)}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}} \cdot \frac{(1 + x) (1 - x)}{(1 + x) (1 - x)} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{(1 + x) (1 - x)} \cdot \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 2.4.4

Write each expression with a common denominator of $(1 + x) (1 - x) {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.4.1

Multiply $\frac{4}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$ by $\frac{(1 + x) (1 - x)}{(1 + x) (1 - x)}$ .

$\frac{4 ((1 + x) (1 - x))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} ((1 + x) (1 - x))} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{(1 + x) (1 - x)} \cdot \frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 2.4.4.2

Multiply $\frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}}{(1 + x) (1 - x)}$ by $\frac{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{4 ((1 + x) (1 - x))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} ((1 + x) (1 - x))} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{(1 + x) (1 - x) {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 2.4.4.3

Reorder the factors of ${(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} ((1 + x) (1 - x))$ .

$\frac{4 ((1 + x) (1 - x))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{(1 + x) (1 - x) {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 2.4.4.4

Reorder the factors of $(1 + x) (1 - x) {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$\frac{4 ((1 + x) (1 - x))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)} + \frac{4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{4 ((1 + x) (1 - x)) + 4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6

Simplify the numerator.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.1

Factor $4$ out of $4 (1 + x) (1 - x) + 4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.1.1

Factor $4$ out of $4 (1 + x) (1 - x)$ .

$\frac{4 ((1 + x) (1 - x)) + 4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.1.2

Factor $4$ out of $4 \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$\frac{4 ((1 + x) (1 - x)) + 4 (\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.1.3

Factor $4$ out of $4 ((1 + x) (1 - x)) + 4 (\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})$ .

$\frac{4 ((1 + x) (1 - x) + \sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.2

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{(1 + x) (1 - x)}$ as ${((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{4 ((1 + x) (1 - x) + {((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.3

Expand $(1 + x) (1 - x)$ using the FOIL Method.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{4 (1 (1 - x) + x (1 - x) + {((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.3.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{4 (1 \cdot 1 + 1 (- x) + x (1 - x) + {((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.3.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{4 (1 \cdot 1 + 1 (- x) + x \cdot 1 + x (- x) + {((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.4

Simplify and combine like terms.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.4.1

Simplify each term.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.4.1.1

Multiply $1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{4 (1 + 1 (- x) + x \cdot 1 + x (- x) + {((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.4.1.2

Multiply $- x$ by $1$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x + x \cdot 1 + x (- x) + {((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.4.1.3

Multiply $x$ by $1$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x + x + x (- x) + {((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.4.1.4

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{4 (1 - x + x - x \cdot x + {((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.4.1.5

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.4.1.5.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x + x - (x \cdot x) + {((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.4.1.5.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x + x - x^{2} + {((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.4.2

Add $- x$ and $x$ .

$\frac{4 (1 + 0 - x^{2} + {((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.4.3

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + {((1 + x) (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.5

Expand $(1 + x) (1 - x)$ using the FOIL Method.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.5.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + {(1 (1 - x) + x (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.5.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + {(1 \cdot 1 + 1 (- x) + x (1 - x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.5.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + {(1 \cdot 1 + 1 (- x) + x \cdot 1 + x (- x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.6

Simplify and combine like terms.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.6.1

Simplify each term.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.6.1.1

Multiply $1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + {(1 + 1 (- x) + x \cdot 1 + x (- x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.6.1.2

Multiply $- x$ by $1$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + {(1 - x + x \cdot 1 + x (- x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.6.1.3

Multiply $x$ by $1$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + {(1 - x + x + x (- x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.6.1.4

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + {(1 - x + x - x \cdot x)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.6.1.5

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.6.1.5.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + {(1 - x + x - (x \cdot x))}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.6.1.5.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + {(1 - x + x - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.6.2

Add $- x$ and $x$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + {(1 + 0 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.6.3

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.7

Multiply ${(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by ${(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.7.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.7.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1 + 3}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.7.3

Add $1$ and $3$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + {(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{4}{2}})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.7.4

Divide $4$ by $2$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + {(1 - x^{2})}^{2})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.8

Rewrite ${(1 - x^{2})}^{2}$ as $(1 - x^{2}) (1 - x^{2})$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + (1 - x^{2}) (1 - x^{2}))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.9

Expand $(1 - x^{2}) (1 - x^{2})$ using the FOIL Method.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.9.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + 1 (1 - x^{2}) - x^{2} (1 - x^{2}))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.9.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + 1 \cdot 1 + 1 (- x^{2}) - x^{2} (1 - x^{2}))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.9.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + 1 \cdot 1 + 1 (- x^{2}) - x^{2} \cdot 1 - x^{2} (- x^{2}))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.10

Simplify and combine like terms.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.10.1

Simplify each term.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.10.1.1

Multiply $1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + 1 + 1 (- x^{2}) - x^{2} \cdot 1 - x^{2} (- x^{2}))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.10.1.2

Multiply $- x^{2}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + 1 - x^{2} - x^{2} \cdot 1 - x^{2} (- x^{2}))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.10.1.3

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + 1 - x^{2} - x^{2} - x^{2} (- x^{2}))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.10.1.4

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + 1 - x^{2} - x^{2} - 1 \cdot - 1 x^{2} x^{2})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.10.1.5

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.10.1.5.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + 1 - x^{2} - x^{2} - 1 \cdot - 1 (x^{2} x^{2}))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.10.1.5.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + 1 - x^{2} - x^{2} - 1 \cdot - 1 x^{2 + 2})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.10.1.5.3

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + 1 - x^{2} - x^{2} - 1 \cdot - 1 x^{4})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.10.1.6

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + 1 - x^{2} - x^{2} + 1 x^{4})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.10.1.7

Multiply $x^{4}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + 1 - x^{2} - x^{2} + x^{4})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.10.2

Subtract $x^{2}$ from $- x^{2}$ .

$\frac{4 (1 - x^{2} + 1 - 2 x^{2} + x^{4})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.11

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{4 (- x^{2} + 2 - 2 x^{2} + x^{4})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.12

Subtract $2 x^{2}$ from $- x^{2}$ .

$\frac{4 (- 3 x^{2} + 2 + x^{4})}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.13

Reorder terms.

$\frac{4 (x^{4} - 3 x^{2} + 2)}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.14

Rewrite $x^{4} - 3 x^{2} + 2$ in a factored form.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.14.1

Rewrite $x^{4}$ as ${(x^{2})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{4 ({(x^{2})}^{2} - 3 x^{2} + 2)}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.14.2

Let $u = x^{2}$ . Substitute $u$ for all occurrences of $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{4 (u^{2} - 3 u + 2)}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.14.3

Factor $u^{2} - 3 u + 2$ using the AC method.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.4.6.14.3.1

Consider the form $x^{2} + b x + c$ . Find a pair of integers whose product is $c$ and whose sum is $b$ . In this case, whose product is $2$ and whose sum is $- 3$ .

$- 2, - 1$

Step 2.4.6.14.3.2

Write the factored form using these integers.

$\frac{4 ((u - 2) (u - 1))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.14.4

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{4 ((x^{2} - 2) (x^{2} - 1))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.14.5

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$\frac{4 ((x^{2} - 2) (x^{2} - 1^{2}))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.6.14.6

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = x$ and $b = 1$ .

$\frac{4 ((x^{2} - 2) (x + 1) (x - 1))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

$\frac{4 (x^{2} - 2) (x + 1) (x - 1)}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 + x) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.7

Reorder terms.

$\frac{4 (x^{2} - 2) (x + 1) (x - 1)}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (x + 1) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.8

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{4 (x^{2} - 2) (x + 1) (x - 1)}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (x + 1) (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.9

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{4 (x^{2} - 2) (x - 1)}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.10

Factor $- 1$ out of $x$ .

$\frac{4 (x^{2} - 2) (- 1 (- x) - 1)}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.11

Rewrite $- 1$ as $- 1 (1)$ .

$\frac{4 (x^{2} - 2) (- 1 (- x) - 1 (1))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.12

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 1 (- x) - 1 (1)$ .

$\frac{4 (x^{2} - 2) (- 1 (- x + 1))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (1 - x)}$

Step 2.4.13

Reorder terms.

$\frac{4 (x^{2} - 2) (- 1 (- x + 1))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (- x + 1)}$

Step 2.4.14

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{4 (x^{2} - 2) (- 1 (- x + 1))}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (- x + 1)}$

Step 2.4.15

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{4 (x^{2} - 2) \cdot (- 1)}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 2.4.16

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$\frac{- 4 (x^{2} - 2)}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 2.4.17

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$f'' (x) = - \frac{4 (x^{2} - 2)}{{(1 - x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$