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Calculus Examples
Step 1
Step 1.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2
Evaluate .
Step 1.2.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 1.2.2
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 1.2.2.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 1.2.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.2.2.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 1.2.3
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 1.2.3.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 1.2.3.2
The derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.3.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 1.2.4
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.5
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.6
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.7
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.2.8
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 1.2.9
Combine and .
Step 1.2.10
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 1.2.11
Simplify the numerator.
Step 1.2.11.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.2.11.2
Subtract from .
Step 1.2.12
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 1.2.13
Multiply by .
Step 1.2.14
Subtract from .
Step 1.2.15
Combine and .
Step 1.2.16
Combine and .
Step 1.2.17
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 1.2.18
Combine and .
Step 1.2.19
Multiply by .
Step 1.2.20
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 1.2.21
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 1.2.21.1
Move .
Step 1.2.21.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.2.21.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.2.21.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.2.21.3
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 1.2.21.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 1.2.21.5
Add and .
Step 1.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.4
Simplify.
Step 1.4.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.4.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.4.3
Combine terms.
Step 1.4.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.4.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.4.3.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.4.3.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.4.3.5
Add and .
Step 1.4.3.6
Add and .
Step 1.4.4
Simplify the numerator.
Step 1.4.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.4.4.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.4.4.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 1.4.4.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 1.4.4.2
Rewrite as .
Step 1.4.4.3
Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, where and .
Step 2
Step 2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2
Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.3
Multiply the exponents in .
Step 2.3.1
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 2.3.2
Multiply .
Step 2.3.2.1
Combine and .
Step 2.3.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.4
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.5
Differentiate.
Step 2.5.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.5.2
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.5.3
Add and .
Step 2.5.4
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.5.5
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.5.6
Simplify the expression.
Step 2.5.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.6.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.5.6.3
Rewrite as .
Step 2.6
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.7
Differentiate.
Step 2.7.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.7.2
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.7.3
Add and .
Step 2.7.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.7.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.7.6
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.7.7
Simplify by adding terms.
Step 2.7.7.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.7.7.2
Add and .
Step 2.8
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 2.8.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 2.8.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.8.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 2.9
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.10
Combine and .
Step 2.11
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.12
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.12.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.12.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.13
Combine fractions.
Step 2.13.1
Combine and .
Step 2.13.2
Combine and .
Step 2.14
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 2.14.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 2.14.2
The derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.14.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 2.15
Combine fractions.
Step 2.15.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.15.2
Simplify the expression.
Step 2.15.2.1
Move to the left of .
Step 2.15.2.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.15.2.3
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 2.16
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.16.1
Move .
Step 2.16.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.16.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.16.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.16.3
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 2.16.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.16.5
Add and .
Step 2.17
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.18
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.19
Add and .
Step 2.20
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.21
Multiply.
Step 2.21.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.21.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.22
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.23
Combine fractions.
Step 2.23.1
Combine and .
Step 2.23.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.23.3
Combine and .
Step 2.24
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.25
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.26
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.27
Add and .
Step 2.28
Multiply by .
Step 2.29
Reorder.
Step 2.29.1
Move to the left of .
Step 2.29.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.30
Simplify.
Step 2.30.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.30.5.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.30.5.1.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.30.5.1.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.1.1.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.1.1.2.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.1.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.1.1.3
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 2.30.5.1.1.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.1.1.3.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.1.1.3.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.1.1.4
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 2.30.5.1.1.4.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.30.5.1.1.4.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.1.1.4.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.1.1.4.1.3
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.30.5.1.1.4.1.4
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.1.1.4.1.4.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.1.1.4.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.1.1.4.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.1.1.4.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.1.1.4.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.30.5.1.2
Combine the opposite terms in .
Step 2.30.5.1.2.1
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.1.2.2
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.1.3
Subtract from .
Step 2.30.5.1.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.1.5
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.30.5.1.6
Move to the left of .
Step 2.30.5.1.7
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.1.8
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.1.9
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.1.10
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.30.5.1.10.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.1.10.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.30.5.1.10.3
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.30.5.1.10.4
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.1.10.4.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.1.10.4.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.1.10.4.3
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.1.10.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.1.10.6
Rewrite in a factored form.
Step 2.30.5.1.10.6.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.1.10.6.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.1.10.6.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.1.10.6.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.1.10.6.2
Rewrite as .
Step 2.30.5.1.10.6.3
Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, where and .
Step 2.30.5.1.11
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.1.12
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.30.5.1.12.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.30.5.1.12.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.30.5.1.12.3
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.1.12.4
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.1.13
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.1.14
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.30.5.1.14.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.30.5.1.14.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.30.5.1.14.3
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.1.14.4
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.1.15
Multiply .
Step 2.30.5.1.15.1
Combine and .
Step 2.30.5.1.15.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.3
Combine and .
Step 2.30.5.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.30.5.5
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.30.5.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.5.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.5.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.5.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.5.2
Combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.5.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.2.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.5.2.2.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.5.2.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.5.2.2.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.30.5.5.2.2.4
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.5.2.2.5
Divide by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3
Simplify each term.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.1
Remove the absolute value in because exponentiations with even powers are always positive.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.2
Rewrite as .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.3
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.3.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.3.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.4
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.4.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.4.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.4.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.4.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.4.1.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.4.1.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.4.1.5.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.4.1.5.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.4.1.5.3
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.4.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.4.1.7
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.4.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.5
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.6
Simplify.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.6.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.7
Rewrite as .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.8
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.8.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.8.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.8.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.9
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.9.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.9.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.9.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.9.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.9.2
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.10
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.11
Simplify.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.11.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.11.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.12
Rewrite as .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.13
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.13.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.13.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.13.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.14
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.14.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.14.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.14.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.14.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.14.1.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.14.1.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.14.1.5.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.14.1.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.14.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.14.1.7
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.14.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.15
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16
Simplify each term.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.5.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.6
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.7
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.7.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.7.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.7.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.7.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.7.3
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.8
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.9
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.10
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.10.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.10.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.10.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.10.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.10.3
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.11
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.12
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.12.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.12.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.5.3.16.12.3
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.17
Combine the opposite terms in .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.17.1
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.17.2
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.17.3
Subtract from .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.17.4
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.18
Subtract from .
Step 2.30.5.5.3.19
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.5.4
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.5.5
Subtract from .
Step 2.30.5.5.6
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.5.7
Factor using the perfect square rule.
Step 2.30.5.5.7.1
Rearrange terms.
Step 2.30.5.5.7.2
Rewrite as .
Step 2.30.5.5.7.3
Rewrite as .
Step 2.30.5.5.7.4
Check that the middle term is two times the product of the numbers being squared in the first term and third term.
Step 2.30.5.5.7.5
Rewrite the polynomial.
Step 2.30.5.5.7.6
Factor using the perfect square trinomial rule , where and .
Step 2.30.5.5.8
Rewrite as .
Step 2.30.5.5.9
Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, where and .
Step 2.30.5.5.10
Apply the product rule to .
Step 2.30.5.6
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.7
Combine and .
Step 2.30.5.8
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.30.5.9
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.30.5.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.30.5.9.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.3.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.9.3.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.3.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.30.5.9.3.4
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.3.5
Divide by .
Step 2.30.5.9.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.5
Remove the absolute value in because exponentiations with even powers are always positive.
Step 2.30.5.9.6
Rewrite as .
Step 2.30.5.9.7
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 2.30.5.9.7.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.7.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.7.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.8
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 2.30.5.9.8.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.30.5.9.8.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.8.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.8.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.8.1.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.30.5.9.8.1.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.8.1.5.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.9.8.1.5.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.8.1.5.3
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.8.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.8.1.7
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.8.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.30.5.9.9
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.10
Simplify.
Step 2.30.5.9.10.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.10.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.11
Rewrite as .
Step 2.30.5.9.12
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 2.30.5.9.12.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.12.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.12.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.13
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 2.30.5.9.13.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.30.5.9.13.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.13.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.30.5.9.13.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.13.2
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.14
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.15
Simplify.
Step 2.30.5.9.15.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.15.1.1
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.15.1.2
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.15.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.30.5.9.15.3
Move to the left of .
Step 2.30.5.9.16
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.16.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.9.16.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.16.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.30.5.9.16.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.16.3
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.17
Rewrite as .
Step 2.30.5.9.18
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 2.30.5.9.18.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.18.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.18.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.19
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 2.30.5.9.19.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.30.5.9.19.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.19.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.30.5.9.19.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.19.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.30.5.9.20
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 2.30.5.9.21
Simplify each term.
Step 2.30.5.9.21.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.21.1.1
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.21.1.2
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.30.5.9.21.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.21.3.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.3.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.21.3.3
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.4
Move to the left of .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.21.5.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.5.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.21.5.3
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.6
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.30.5.9.21.7
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.21.7.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.7.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.7.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.7.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.21.7.3
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.8
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.9
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.10
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.21.10.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.10.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.21.10.3
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.11
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.30.5.9.21.12
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.21.12.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.12.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.12.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.12.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.21.12.3
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.13
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.21.14
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.22
Combine the opposite terms in .
Step 2.30.5.9.22.1
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.22.2
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.22.3
Subtract from .
Step 2.30.5.9.22.4
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.23
Subtract from .
Step 2.30.5.9.24
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.25
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.26
Subtract from .
Step 2.30.5.9.27
Reorder terms.
Step 2.30.5.9.28
Rewrite in a factored form.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1
Factor using the rational roots test.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.1
If a polynomial function has integer coefficients, then every rational zero will have the form where is a factor of the constant and is a factor of the leading coefficient.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.2
Find every combination of . These are the possible roots of the polynomial function.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.3
Substitute and simplify the expression. In this case, the expression is equal to so is a root of the polynomial.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.3.1
Substitute into the polynomial.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.3.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.3.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.3.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.3.5
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.3.6
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.3.7
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.3.8
Subtract from .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.3.9
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.4
Since is a known root, divide the polynomial by to find the quotient polynomial. This polynomial can then be used to find the remaining roots.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5
Divide by .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.1
Set up the polynomials to be divided. If there is not a term for every exponent, insert one with a value of .
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.2
Divide the highest order term in the dividend by the highest order term in divisor .
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.3
Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| + | + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.4
The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.5
After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.6
Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.7
Divide the highest order term in the dividend by the highest order term in divisor .
| - | |||||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.8
Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.
| - | |||||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.9
The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in
| - | |||||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.10
After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.
| - | |||||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.11
Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.
| - | |||||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.12
Divide the highest order term in the dividend by the highest order term in divisor .
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.13
Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.14
The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.15
After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.16
Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.17
Divide the highest order term in the dividend by the highest order term in divisor .
| - | + | - | |||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.18
Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.
| - | + | - | |||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.19
The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in
| - | + | - | |||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.20
After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.
| - | + | - | |||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.21
Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.
| - | + | - | |||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.22
Divide the highest order term in the dividend by the highest order term in divisor .
| - | + | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.23
Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.
| - | + | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.24
The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in
| - | + | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.25
After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.
| - | + | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.26
Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.
| - | + | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.27
Divide the highest order term in the dividend by the highest order term in divisor .
| - | + | - | - | + | |||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.28
Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.
| - | + | - | - | + | |||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.29
The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in
| - | + | - | - | + | |||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - |
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.30
After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.
| - | + | - | - | + | |||||||||||||
| + | + | + | + | - | + | + | |||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| + | + | ||||||||||||||||
| - | - | ||||||||||||||||
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.5.31
Since the remander is , the final answer is the quotient.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.1.6
Write as a set of factors.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.2
Regroup terms.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.3.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.3.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.3.4
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.3.5
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.4
Rewrite as .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.5
Let . Substitute for all occurrences of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.6
Factor using the AC method.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.6.1
Consider the form . Find a pair of integers whose product is and whose sum is . In this case, whose product is and whose sum is .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.6.2
Write the factored form using these integers.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.7
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.8
Rewrite as .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.9
Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, where and .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.10
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.10.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.10.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.10.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.10.4
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.10.5
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.11
Rewrite as .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.12
Let . Substitute for all occurrences of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.13
Factor by grouping.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.13.1
For a polynomial of the form , rewrite the middle term as a sum of two terms whose product is and whose sum is .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.13.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.13.1.2
Rewrite as plus
Step 2.30.5.9.28.13.1.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.13.2
Factor out the greatest common factor from each group.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.13.2.1
Group the first two terms and the last two terms.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.13.2.2
Factor out the greatest common factor (GCF) from each group.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.13.3
Factor the polynomial by factoring out the greatest common factor, .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.14
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.15
Rewrite as .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.16
Reorder and .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.17
Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, where and .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.18
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.18.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.18.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.18.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.19
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.20
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.21
Move to the left of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.22
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.22.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.22.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.22.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.23
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.23.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.23.1.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.23.1.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.23.1.1.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.23.1.1.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.23.1.1.2
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.23.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.23.1.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.23.1.3.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.23.1.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.23.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.23.2
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.23.3
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.24
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.25
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.26
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.26.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.26.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.26.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.27
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.27.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.27.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.27.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.27.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.27.1.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.27.1.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.27.1.5.1
Move .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.27.1.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.27.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.27.2
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.27.3
Add and .
Step 2.30.5.9.28.28
Reorder terms.
Step 2.30.5.9.28.29
Factor.
Step 2.30.5.9.29
Combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.29.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.30.5.9.29.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.30.5.9.29.3
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.5.9.29.4
Add and .
Step 2.30.6
Combine terms.
Step 2.30.6.1
Rewrite as a product.
Step 2.30.6.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.6.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.30.6.4
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.30.6.4.1
Move .
Step 2.30.6.4.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.30.6.4.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.30.6.4.4
Add and .
Step 3
To find the local maximum and minimum values of the function, set the derivative equal to and solve.
Step 4
Step 4.1
Find the first derivative.
Step 4.1.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2
Evaluate .
Step 4.1.2.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 4.1.2.2
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 4.1.2.2.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 4.1.2.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.2.2.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 4.1.2.3
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 4.1.2.3.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 4.1.2.3.2
The derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.3.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 4.1.2.4
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.5
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.6
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.7
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.2.8
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.9
Combine and .
Step 4.1.2.10
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.1.2.11
Simplify the numerator.
Step 4.1.2.11.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.11.2
Subtract from .
Step 4.1.2.12
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 4.1.2.13
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.14
Subtract from .
Step 4.1.2.15
Combine and .
Step 4.1.2.16
Combine and .
Step 4.1.2.17
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 4.1.2.18
Combine and .
Step 4.1.2.19
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.20
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 4.1.2.21
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 4.1.2.21.1
Move .
Step 4.1.2.21.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.21.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.1.2.21.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 4.1.2.21.3
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 4.1.2.21.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.1.2.21.5
Add and .
Step 4.1.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.4
Simplify.
Step 4.1.4.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.4.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.4.3
Combine terms.
Step 4.1.4.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.4.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.4.3.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.1.4.3.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 4.1.4.3.5
Add and .
Step 4.1.4.3.6
Add and .
Step 4.1.4.4
Simplify the numerator.
Step 4.1.4.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.4.4.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.4.4.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.4.4.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.4.4.2
Rewrite as .
Step 4.1.4.4.3
Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, where and .
Step 4.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5
Step 5.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 5.2
Set the numerator equal to zero.
Step 5.3
Solve the equation for .
Step 5.3.1
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 5.3.2
Set equal to .
Step 5.3.3
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 5.3.3.1
Set equal to .
Step 5.3.3.2
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 5.3.4
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 5.3.4.1
Set equal to .
Step 5.3.4.2
Solve for .
Step 5.3.4.2.1
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 5.3.4.2.2
Divide each term in by and simplify.
Step 5.3.4.2.2.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 5.3.4.2.2.2
Simplify the left side.
Step 5.3.4.2.2.2.1
Dividing two negative values results in a positive value.
Step 5.3.4.2.2.2.2
Divide by .
Step 5.3.4.2.2.3
Simplify the right side.
Step 5.3.4.2.2.3.1
Divide by .
Step 5.3.5
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 5.4
Exclude the solutions that do not make true.
Step 6
Step 6.1
Apply the rule to rewrite the exponentiation as a radical.
Step 6.2
Set the denominator in equal to to find where the expression is undefined.
Step 6.3
Solve for .
Step 6.3.1
Simplify both sides of the equation.
Step 6.3.1.1
Rewrite as .
Step 6.3.1.2
Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, where and .
Step 6.3.1.3
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 6.3.1.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 6.3.1.3.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 6.3.1.3.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 6.3.1.4
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 6.3.1.4.1
Simplify each term.
Step 6.3.1.4.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.1.4.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.1.4.1.3
Move to the left of .
Step 6.3.1.4.1.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 6.3.1.4.1.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 6.3.1.4.1.5.1
Move .
Step 6.3.1.4.1.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.1.4.2
Add and .
Step 6.3.1.4.3
Add and .
Step 6.3.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 6.3.1.6
Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, where and .
Step 6.3.1.7
Factor out .
Step 6.3.1.8
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 6.3.1.9
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 6.3.1.9.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 6.3.1.9.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 6.3.1.9.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 6.3.1.10
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 6.3.1.10.1
Simplify each term.
Step 6.3.1.10.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.1.10.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.1.10.1.3
Move to the left of .
Step 6.3.1.10.1.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 6.3.1.10.1.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 6.3.1.10.1.5.1
Move .
Step 6.3.1.10.1.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.1.10.2
Add and .
Step 6.3.1.10.3
Add and .
Step 6.3.1.11
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 6.3.1.11.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 6.3.1.11.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 6.3.1.11.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 6.3.1.12
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 6.3.1.12.1
Simplify each term.
Step 6.3.1.12.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.1.12.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.1.12.1.3
Move to the left of .
Step 6.3.1.12.1.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 6.3.1.12.1.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 6.3.1.12.1.5.1
Move .
Step 6.3.1.12.1.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.1.12.2
Add and .
Step 6.3.1.12.3
Add and .
Step 6.3.1.13
Remove the absolute value in because exponentiations with even powers are always positive.
Step 6.3.1.14
Rewrite as .
Step 6.3.1.15
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 6.3.1.15.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 6.3.1.15.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 6.3.1.15.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 6.3.1.16
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 6.3.1.16.1
Simplify each term.
Step 6.3.1.16.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.1.16.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.1.16.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.1.16.1.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 6.3.1.16.1.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 6.3.1.16.1.5.1
Move .
Step 6.3.1.16.1.5.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 6.3.1.16.1.5.3
Add and .
Step 6.3.1.16.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.1.16.1.7
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.1.16.2
Subtract from .
Step 6.3.1.17
Factor using the perfect square rule.
Step 6.3.1.17.1
Rewrite as .
Step 6.3.1.17.2
Rewrite as .
Step 6.3.1.17.3
Check that the middle term is two times the product of the numbers being squared in the first term and third term.
Step 6.3.1.17.4
Rewrite the polynomial.
Step 6.3.1.17.5
Factor using the perfect square trinomial rule , where and .
Step 6.3.1.18
Rewrite as .
Step 6.3.1.19
Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, where and .
Step 6.3.1.20
Apply the product rule to .
Step 6.3.1.21
Rewrite as .
Step 6.3.1.22
Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, where and .
Step 6.3.2
Use to rewrite as .
Step 6.3.3
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 6.3.4
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 6.3.4.1
Set equal to .
Step 6.3.4.2
Solve for .
Step 6.3.4.2.1
Remove the absolute value term. This creates a on the right side of the equation because .
Step 6.3.4.2.2
Plus or minus is .
Step 6.3.4.2.3
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 6.3.4.2.4
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 6.3.4.2.4.1
Set equal to .
Step 6.3.4.2.4.2
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 6.3.4.2.5
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 6.3.4.2.5.1
Set equal to .
Step 6.3.4.2.5.2
Solve for .
Step 6.3.4.2.5.2.1
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 6.3.4.2.5.2.2
Divide each term in by and simplify.
Step 6.3.4.2.5.2.2.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 6.3.4.2.5.2.2.2
Simplify the left side.
Step 6.3.4.2.5.2.2.2.1
Dividing two negative values results in a positive value.
Step 6.3.4.2.5.2.2.2.2
Divide by .
Step 6.3.4.2.5.2.2.3
Simplify the right side.
Step 6.3.4.2.5.2.2.3.1
Divide by .
Step 6.3.4.2.6
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 6.3.5
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 6.3.5.1
Set equal to .
Step 6.3.5.2
Solve for .
Step 6.3.5.2.1
Raise each side of the equation to the power of to eliminate the fractional exponent on the left side.
Step 6.3.5.2.2
Simplify the exponent.
Step 6.3.5.2.2.1
Simplify the left side.
Step 6.3.5.2.2.1.1
Simplify .
Step 6.3.5.2.2.1.1.1
Multiply the exponents in .
Step 6.3.5.2.2.1.1.1.1
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 6.3.5.2.2.1.1.1.2
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 6.3.5.2.2.1.1.1.2.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 6.3.5.2.2.1.1.1.2.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 6.3.5.2.2.1.1.2
Simplify.
Step 6.3.5.2.2.2
Simplify the right side.
Step 6.3.5.2.2.2.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 6.3.5.2.3
Solve for .
Step 6.3.5.2.3.1
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 6.3.5.2.3.2
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 6.3.5.2.3.2.1
Set equal to .
Step 6.3.5.2.3.2.2
Solve for .
Step 6.3.5.2.3.2.2.1
Set the equal to .
Step 6.3.5.2.3.2.2.2
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 6.3.5.2.3.3
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 6.3.5.2.3.3.1
Set equal to .
Step 6.3.5.2.3.3.2
Solve for .
Step 6.3.5.2.3.3.2.1
Set the equal to .
Step 6.3.5.2.3.3.2.2
Solve for .
Step 6.3.5.2.3.3.2.2.1
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 6.3.5.2.3.3.2.2.2
Divide each term in by and simplify.
Step 6.3.5.2.3.3.2.2.2.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 6.3.5.2.3.3.2.2.2.2
Simplify the left side.
Step 6.3.5.2.3.3.2.2.2.2.1
Dividing two negative values results in a positive value.
Step 6.3.5.2.3.3.2.2.2.2.2
Divide by .
Step 6.3.5.2.3.3.2.2.2.3
Simplify the right side.
Step 6.3.5.2.3.3.2.2.2.3.1
Divide by .
Step 6.3.5.2.3.4
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 6.3.6
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 6.4
The equation is undefined where the denominator equals , the argument of a square root is less than , or the argument of a logarithm is less than or equal to .
Step 7
Critical points to evaluate.
Step 8
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 9
Step 9.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 9.1.1
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.2
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.4
Apply the product rule to .
Step 9.1.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.7
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 9.1.7.1
Move .
Step 9.1.7.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 9.1.7.3
Add and .
Step 9.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 9.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 9.2.1.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 9.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 9.2.2
Add and .
Step 9.2.3
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 9.3
Simplify the numerator.
Step 9.3.1
Subtract from .
Step 9.3.2
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 9.3.3
Add and .
Step 9.3.4
Multiply by .
Step 9.3.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.4
Simplify with factoring out.
Step 9.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.4.2
Factor out of .
Step 9.5
Cancel the common factors.
Step 9.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.5.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.5.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 10
is a local maximum because the value of the second derivative is negative. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local maximum
Step 11
Step 11.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 11.2
Simplify the result.
Step 11.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 11.2.1.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 11.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.3
Add and .
Step 11.2.1.4
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 11.2.2
The final answer is .
Step 12
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 13
Step 13.1
Simplify each term.
Step 13.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 13.2
Subtract from .
Step 13.3
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 13.4
Simplify the expression.
Step 13.4.1
Rewrite as .
Step 13.4.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 13.5
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 13.5.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.5.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.6
Simplify the expression.
Step 13.6.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 13.6.2
Multiply by .
Step 13.6.3
The expression contains a division by . The expression is undefined.
Undefined
Step 13.7
The expression contains a division by . The expression is undefined.
Undefined
Undefined
Step 14
Step 14.1
Split into separate intervals around the values that make the first derivative or undefined.
Step 14.2
Substitute any number, such as , from the interval in the first derivative to check if the result is negative or positive.
Step 14.2.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 14.2.2
Simplify the result.
Step 14.2.2.1
Simplify the expression.
Step 14.2.2.1.1
Remove parentheses.
Step 14.2.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 14.2.2.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 14.2.2.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 14.2.2.2.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 14.2.2.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 14.2.2.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 14.2.2.2.3
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 14.2.2.3
Simplify the numerator.
Step 14.2.2.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 14.2.2.3.2
Subtract from .
Step 14.2.2.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 14.2.2.3.4
Add and .
Step 14.2.2.4
Simplify with factoring out.
Step 14.2.2.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 14.2.2.4.2
Factor out of .
Step 14.2.2.5
Cancel the common factors.
Step 14.2.2.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 14.2.2.5.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.2.2.5.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.2.2.6
The final answer is .
Step 14.3
Substitute any number, such as , from the interval in the first derivative to check if the result is negative or positive.
Step 14.3.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 14.3.2
Simplify the result.
Step 14.3.2.1
Simplify the expression.
Step 14.3.2.1.1
Remove parentheses.
Step 14.3.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 14.3.2.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 14.3.2.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 14.3.2.2.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 14.3.2.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 14.3.2.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 14.3.2.2.3
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 14.3.2.3
Simplify the numerator.
Step 14.3.2.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 14.3.2.3.2
Subtract from .
Step 14.3.2.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 14.3.2.3.4
Add and .
Step 14.3.2.4
Simplify with factoring out.
Step 14.3.2.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 14.3.2.4.2
Factor out of .
Step 14.3.2.5
Cancel the common factors.
Step 14.3.2.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 14.3.2.5.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.3.2.5.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.3.2.6
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 14.3.2.7
The final answer is .
Step 14.4
Substitute any number, such as , from the interval in the first derivative to check if the result is negative or positive.
Step 14.4.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 14.4.2
Simplify the result.
Step 14.4.2.1
Simplify the expression.
Step 14.4.2.1.1
Remove parentheses.
Step 14.4.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 14.4.2.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 14.4.2.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 14.4.2.2.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 14.4.2.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 14.4.2.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 14.4.2.2.3
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 14.4.2.3
Simplify the numerator.
Step 14.4.2.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 14.4.2.3.2
Add and .
Step 14.4.2.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 14.4.2.3.4
Subtract from .
Step 14.4.2.4
Simplify with factoring out.
Step 14.4.2.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 14.4.2.4.2
Factor out of .
Step 14.4.2.5
Cancel the common factors.
Step 14.4.2.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 14.4.2.5.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.4.2.5.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.4.2.6
The final answer is .
Step 14.5
Substitute any number, such as , from the interval in the first derivative to check if the result is negative or positive.
Step 14.5.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 14.5.2
Simplify the result.
Step 14.5.2.1
Simplify the expression.
Step 14.5.2.1.1
Remove parentheses.
Step 14.5.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 14.5.2.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 14.5.2.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 14.5.2.2.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 14.5.2.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 14.5.2.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 14.5.2.2.3
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 14.5.2.3
Simplify the numerator.
Step 14.5.2.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 14.5.2.3.2
Add and .
Step 14.5.2.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 14.5.2.3.4
Subtract from .
Step 14.5.2.4
Simplify with factoring out.
Step 14.5.2.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 14.5.2.4.2
Factor out of .
Step 14.5.2.5
Cancel the common factors.
Step 14.5.2.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 14.5.2.5.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.5.2.5.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.5.2.6
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 14.5.2.7
The final answer is .
Step 14.6
Since the first derivative changed signs from negative to positive around , then is a local minimum.
is a local minimum
Step 14.7
Since the first derivative changed signs from positive to negative around , then is a local maximum.
is a local maximum
Step 14.8
Since the first derivative changed signs from negative to positive around , then is a local minimum.
is a local minimum
Step 14.9
These are the local extrema for .
is a local minimum
is a local maximum
is a local minimum
is a local minimum
is a local maximum
is a local minimum
Step 15