Calculus Examples

Find the Local Maxima and Minima x^2(x-1)(x+2)
Step 1
Write as a function.
Step 2
Find the first derivative of the function.
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Step 2.1
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.2
Differentiate.
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Step 2.2.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.2.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2.4
Simplify the expression.
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Step 2.2.4.1
Add and .
Step 2.2.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.3
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.4
Differentiate.
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Step 2.4.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.4.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.4.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.4.4
Simplify the expression.
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Step 2.4.4.1
Add and .
Step 2.4.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.4.5
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.4.6
Move to the left of .
Step 2.5
Simplify.
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Step 2.5.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.5.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.5.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.5.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.5.5
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.5.6
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.5.7
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.5.8
Combine terms.
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Step 2.5.8.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 2.5.8.1.1
Multiply by .
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Step 2.5.8.1.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.5.8.1.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.5.8.1.2
Add and .
Step 2.5.8.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.5.8.3
Rewrite as .
Step 2.5.8.4
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 2.5.8.4.1
Multiply by .
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Step 2.5.8.4.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.5.8.4.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.5.8.4.2
Add and .
Step 2.5.8.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.5.8.6
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.5.8.7
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.5.8.8
Add and .
Step 2.5.8.9
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.5.8.10
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.5.8.11
Add and .
Step 2.5.8.12
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.5.8.13
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.5.8.14
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.5.8.15
Add and .
Step 2.5.8.16
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.8.17
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.8.18
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.5.8.19
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.5.8.20
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.5.8.21
Add and .
Step 2.5.8.22
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.8.23
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.8.24
Subtract from .
Step 2.5.8.25
Add and .
Step 2.5.8.26
Add and .
Step 2.5.8.27
Add and .
Step 2.5.8.28
Add and .
Step 3
Find the second derivative of the function.
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Step 3.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.2
Evaluate .
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Step 3.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 3.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 3.3
Evaluate .
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Step 3.3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 3.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 3.4
Evaluate .
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Step 3.4.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.4.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 3.4.3
Multiply by .
Step 4
To find the local maximum and minimum values of the function, set the derivative equal to and solve.
Step 5
Find the first derivative.
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Step 5.1
Find the first derivative.
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Step 5.1.1
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 5.1.2
Differentiate.
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Step 5.1.2.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5.1.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 5.1.2.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5.1.2.4
Simplify the expression.
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Step 5.1.2.4.1
Add and .
Step 5.1.2.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.3
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 5.1.4
Differentiate.
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Step 5.1.4.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5.1.4.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 5.1.4.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5.1.4.4
Simplify the expression.
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Step 5.1.4.4.1
Add and .
Step 5.1.4.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.4.5
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 5.1.4.6
Move to the left of .
Step 5.1.5
Simplify.
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Step 5.1.5.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 5.1.5.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 5.1.5.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 5.1.5.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 5.1.5.5
Apply the distributive property.
Step 5.1.5.6
Apply the distributive property.
Step 5.1.5.7
Apply the distributive property.
Step 5.1.5.8
Combine terms.
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Step 5.1.5.8.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 5.1.5.8.1.1
Multiply by .
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Step 5.1.5.8.1.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.1.5.8.1.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 5.1.5.8.1.2
Add and .
Step 5.1.5.8.2
Move to the left of .
Step 5.1.5.8.3
Rewrite as .
Step 5.1.5.8.4
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 5.1.5.8.4.1
Multiply by .
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Step 5.1.5.8.4.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.1.5.8.4.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 5.1.5.8.4.2
Add and .
Step 5.1.5.8.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.1.5.8.6
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.1.5.8.7
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 5.1.5.8.8
Add and .
Step 5.1.5.8.9
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.1.5.8.10
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 5.1.5.8.11
Add and .
Step 5.1.5.8.12
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.1.5.8.13
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.1.5.8.14
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 5.1.5.8.15
Add and .
Step 5.1.5.8.16
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.5.8.17
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.5.8.18
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.1.5.8.19
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.1.5.8.20
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 5.1.5.8.21
Add and .
Step 5.1.5.8.22
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.5.8.23
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.5.8.24
Subtract from .
Step 5.1.5.8.25
Add and .
Step 5.1.5.8.26
Add and .
Step 5.1.5.8.27
Add and .
Step 5.1.5.8.28
Add and .
Step 5.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 6
Set the first derivative equal to then solve the equation .
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Step 6.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 6.2
Factor out of .
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Step 6.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 6.2.2
Factor out of .
Step 6.2.3
Factor out of .
Step 6.2.4
Factor out of .
Step 6.2.5
Factor out of .
Step 6.3
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 6.4
Set equal to .
Step 6.5
Set equal to and solve for .
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Step 6.5.1
Set equal to .
Step 6.5.2
Solve for .
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Step 6.5.2.1
Use the quadratic formula to find the solutions.
Step 6.5.2.2
Substitute the values , , and into the quadratic formula and solve for .
Step 6.5.2.3
Simplify.
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Step 6.5.2.3.1
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 6.5.2.3.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 6.5.2.3.1.2
Multiply .
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Step 6.5.2.3.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 6.5.2.3.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.5.2.3.1.3
Add and .
Step 6.5.2.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.5.2.4
Simplify the expression to solve for the portion of the .
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Step 6.5.2.4.1
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 6.5.2.4.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 6.5.2.4.1.2
Multiply .
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Step 6.5.2.4.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 6.5.2.4.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.5.2.4.1.3
Add and .
Step 6.5.2.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.5.2.4.3
Change the to .
Step 6.5.2.4.4
Rewrite as .
Step 6.5.2.4.5
Factor out of .
Step 6.5.2.4.6
Factor out of .
Step 6.5.2.4.7
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 6.5.2.5
Simplify the expression to solve for the portion of the .
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Step 6.5.2.5.1
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 6.5.2.5.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 6.5.2.5.1.2
Multiply .
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Step 6.5.2.5.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 6.5.2.5.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.5.2.5.1.3
Add and .
Step 6.5.2.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.5.2.5.3
Change the to .
Step 6.5.2.5.4
Rewrite as .
Step 6.5.2.5.5
Factor out of .
Step 6.5.2.5.6
Factor out of .
Step 6.5.2.5.7
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 6.5.2.6
The final answer is the combination of both solutions.
Step 6.6
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 7
Find the values where the derivative is undefined.
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Step 7.1
The domain of the expression is all real numbers except where the expression is undefined. In this case, there is no real number that makes the expression undefined.
Step 8
Critical points to evaluate.
Step 9
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 10
Evaluate the second derivative.
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Step 10.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 10.1.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 10.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 10.2
Simplify by adding and subtracting.
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Step 10.2.1
Add and .
Step 10.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 11
is a local maximum because the value of the second derivative is negative. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local maximum
Step 12
Find the y-value when .
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Step 12.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 12.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 12.2.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 12.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 12.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 12.2.4
Add and .
Step 12.2.5
Multiply by .
Step 12.2.6
The final answer is .
Step 13
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 14
Evaluate the second derivative.
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Step 14.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 14.1.1
Use the power rule to distribute the exponent.
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Step 14.1.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 14.1.1.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 14.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 14.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 14.1.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 14.1.5
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 14.1.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.5.2
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.5.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.1.5.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.1.6
Combine and .
Step 14.1.7
Rewrite as .
Step 14.1.8
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 14.1.8.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 14.1.8.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 14.1.8.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 14.1.9
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 14.1.9.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 14.1.9.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 14.1.9.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 14.1.9.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 14.1.9.1.4
Multiply .
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Step 14.1.9.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 14.1.9.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 14.1.9.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 14.1.9.1.4.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 14.1.9.1.4.5
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 14.1.9.1.4.6
Add and .
Step 14.1.9.1.5
Rewrite as .
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Step 14.1.9.1.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 14.1.9.1.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 14.1.9.1.5.3
Combine and .
Step 14.1.9.1.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 14.1.9.1.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.1.9.1.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.1.9.1.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 14.1.9.2
Add and .
Step 14.1.9.3
Subtract from .
Step 14.1.10
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 14.1.10.1
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.10.2
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 14.1.10.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.10.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.1.10.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.1.11
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 14.1.11.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 14.1.11.2
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.11.3
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.11.4
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.1.11.5
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.1.12
Combine and .
Step 14.1.13
Multiply by .
Step 14.1.14
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 14.2
Find the common denominator.
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Step 14.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 14.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 14.2.3
Write as a fraction with denominator .
Step 14.2.4
Multiply by .
Step 14.2.5
Multiply by .
Step 14.2.6
Reorder the factors of .
Step 14.2.7
Multiply by .
Step 14.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 14.4
Simplify each term.
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Step 14.4.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 14.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 14.4.3
Multiply by .
Step 14.4.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 14.4.5
Multiply by .
Step 14.4.6
Multiply by .
Step 14.4.7
Apply the distributive property.
Step 14.4.8
Multiply by .
Step 14.4.9
Multiply by .
Step 14.4.10
Multiply by .
Step 14.5
Simplify by adding terms.
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Step 14.5.1
Subtract from .
Step 14.5.2
Subtract from .
Step 14.5.3
Add and .
Step 15
is a local minimum because the value of the second derivative is positive. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local minimum
Step 16
Find the y-value when .
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Step 16.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 16.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 16.2.1
Use the power rule to distribute the exponent.
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Step 16.2.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 16.2.1.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 16.2.2
Simplify the expression.
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Step 16.2.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 16.2.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.2.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 16.2.2.4
Rewrite as .
Step 16.2.3
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 16.2.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 16.2.3.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 16.2.3.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 16.2.4
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 16.2.4.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 16.2.4.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.4.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.4.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.4.1.4
Multiply .
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Step 16.2.4.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.4.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.4.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 16.2.4.1.4.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 16.2.4.1.4.5
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 16.2.4.1.4.6
Add and .
Step 16.2.4.1.5
Rewrite as .
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Step 16.2.4.1.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 16.2.4.1.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 16.2.4.1.5.3
Combine and .
Step 16.2.4.1.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 16.2.4.1.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 16.2.4.1.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 16.2.4.1.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 16.2.4.2
Add and .
Step 16.2.4.3
Subtract from .
Step 16.2.5
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 16.2.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.5.2
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.5.3
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.5.4
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 16.2.5.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.5.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 16.2.5.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 16.2.6
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 16.2.7
Combine fractions.
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Step 16.2.7.1
Combine and .
Step 16.2.7.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 16.2.8
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 16.2.8.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 16.2.8.2
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.8.3
Multiply .
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Step 16.2.8.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.8.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.8.4
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.8.5
Subtract from .
Step 16.2.9
Multiply .
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Step 16.2.9.1
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.9.2
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.10
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 16.2.10.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 16.2.10.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 16.2.10.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 16.2.11
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 16.2.11.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 16.2.11.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.11.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.11.1.3
Multiply .
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Step 16.2.11.1.3.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 16.2.11.1.3.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 16.2.11.1.3.3
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 16.2.11.1.3.4
Add and .
Step 16.2.11.1.4
Rewrite as .
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Step 16.2.11.1.4.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 16.2.11.1.4.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 16.2.11.1.4.3
Combine and .
Step 16.2.11.1.4.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 16.2.11.1.4.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 16.2.11.1.4.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 16.2.11.1.4.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 16.2.11.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.11.2
Subtract from .
Step 16.2.11.3
Add and .
Step 16.2.12
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 16.2.12.1
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.12.2
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.12.3
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.12.4
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 16.2.12.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.12.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 16.2.12.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 16.2.13
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 16.2.14
Combine fractions.
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Step 16.2.14.1
Combine and .
Step 16.2.14.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 16.2.15
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 16.2.15.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 16.2.15.2
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.15.3
Multiply .
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Step 16.2.15.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.15.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.15.4
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.15.5
Add and .
Step 16.2.16
Multiply .
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Step 16.2.16.1
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.16.2
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.17
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 16.2.17.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 16.2.17.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 16.2.17.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 16.2.18
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 16.2.18.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 16.2.18.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.18.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.18.1.3
Multiply .
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Step 16.2.18.1.3.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 16.2.18.1.3.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 16.2.18.1.3.3
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 16.2.18.1.3.4
Add and .
Step 16.2.18.1.4
Rewrite as .
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Step 16.2.18.1.4.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 16.2.18.1.4.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 16.2.18.1.4.3
Combine and .
Step 16.2.18.1.4.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 16.2.18.1.4.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 16.2.18.1.4.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 16.2.18.1.4.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 16.2.18.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.18.2
Add and .
Step 16.2.18.3
Add and .
Step 16.2.19
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 16.2.19.1
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.19.2
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.19.3
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.19.4
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 16.2.19.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.19.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 16.2.19.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 16.2.20
Rewrite as .
Step 16.2.21
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.22
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.23
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 16.2.24
The final answer is .
Step 17
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 18
Evaluate the second derivative.
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Step 18.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 18.1.1
Use the power rule to distribute the exponent.
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Step 18.1.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 18.1.1.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 18.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 18.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 18.1.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 18.1.5
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 18.1.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 18.1.5.2
Factor out of .
Step 18.1.5.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 18.1.5.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 18.1.6
Combine and .
Step 18.1.7
Rewrite as .
Step 18.1.8
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 18.1.8.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 18.1.8.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 18.1.8.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 18.1.9
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 18.1.9.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 18.1.9.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 18.1.9.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 18.1.9.1.3
Combine using the product rule for radicals.
Step 18.1.9.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 18.1.9.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 18.1.9.1.6
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 18.1.9.2
Add and .
Step 18.1.9.3
Add and .
Step 18.1.10
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 18.1.10.1
Factor out of .
Step 18.1.10.2
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 18.1.10.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 18.1.10.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 18.1.10.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 18.1.11
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 18.1.11.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 18.1.11.2
Factor out of .
Step 18.1.11.3
Factor out of .
Step 18.1.11.4
Cancel the common factor.
Step 18.1.11.5
Rewrite the expression.
Step 18.1.12
Combine and .
Step 18.1.13
Multiply by .
Step 18.1.14
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 18.2
Find the common denominator.
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Step 18.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 18.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 18.2.3
Write as a fraction with denominator .
Step 18.2.4
Multiply by .
Step 18.2.5
Multiply by .
Step 18.2.6
Reorder the factors of .
Step 18.2.7
Multiply by .
Step 18.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 18.4
Simplify each term.
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Step 18.4.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 18.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 18.4.3
Multiply by .
Step 18.4.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 18.4.5
Multiply by .
Step 18.4.6
Apply the distributive property.
Step 18.4.7
Multiply by .
Step 18.4.8
Multiply by .
Step 18.4.9
Multiply by .
Step 18.5
Simplify by adding terms.
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Step 18.5.1
Subtract from .
Step 18.5.2
Subtract from .
Step 18.5.3
Subtract from .
Step 19
is a local minimum because the value of the second derivative is positive. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local minimum
Step 20
Find the y-value when .
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Step 20.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 20.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 20.2.1
Use the power rule to distribute the exponent.
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Step 20.2.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 20.2.1.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 20.2.2
Simplify the expression.
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Step 20.2.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 20.2.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.2.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 20.2.2.4
Rewrite as .
Step 20.2.3
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 20.2.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 20.2.3.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 20.2.3.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 20.2.4
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 20.2.4.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 20.2.4.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.4.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 20.2.4.1.3
Combine using the product rule for radicals.
Step 20.2.4.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.4.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 20.2.4.1.6
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 20.2.4.2
Add and .
Step 20.2.4.3
Add and .
Step 20.2.5
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 20.2.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 20.2.5.2
Factor out of .
Step 20.2.5.3
Factor out of .
Step 20.2.5.4
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 20.2.5.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 20.2.5.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 20.2.5.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 20.2.6
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 20.2.7
Combine fractions.
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Step 20.2.7.1
Combine and .
Step 20.2.7.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 20.2.8
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 20.2.8.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 20.2.8.2
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.8.3
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.8.4
Subtract from .
Step 20.2.9
Multiply .
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Step 20.2.9.1
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.9.2
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.10
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 20.2.10.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 20.2.10.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 20.2.10.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 20.2.11
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 20.2.11.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 20.2.11.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.11.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.11.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.11.1.4
Multiply .
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Step 20.2.11.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.11.1.4.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 20.2.11.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 20.2.11.1.4.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 20.2.11.1.4.5
Add and .
Step 20.2.11.1.5
Rewrite as .
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Step 20.2.11.1.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 20.2.11.1.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 20.2.11.1.5.3
Combine and .
Step 20.2.11.1.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 20.2.11.1.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 20.2.11.1.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 20.2.11.1.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 20.2.11.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.11.2
Subtract from .
Step 20.2.11.3
Subtract from .
Step 20.2.12
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 20.2.12.1
Factor out of .
Step 20.2.12.2
Factor out of .
Step 20.2.12.3
Factor out of .
Step 20.2.12.4
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 20.2.12.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 20.2.12.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 20.2.12.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 20.2.13
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 20.2.14
Combine fractions.
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Step 20.2.14.1
Combine and .
Step 20.2.14.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 20.2.15
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 20.2.15.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 20.2.15.2
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.15.3
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.15.4
Add and .
Step 20.2.16
Multiply .
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Step 20.2.16.1
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.16.2
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.17
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 20.2.17.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 20.2.17.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 20.2.17.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 20.2.18
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 20.2.18.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 20.2.18.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.18.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.18.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.18.1.4
Multiply .
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Step 20.2.18.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.18.1.4.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 20.2.18.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 20.2.18.1.4.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 20.2.18.1.4.5
Add and .
Step 20.2.18.1.5
Rewrite as .
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Step 20.2.18.1.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 20.2.18.1.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 20.2.18.1.5.3
Combine and .
Step 20.2.18.1.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 20.2.18.1.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 20.2.18.1.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 20.2.18.1.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 20.2.18.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 20.2.18.2
Add and .
Step 20.2.18.3
Subtract from .
Step 20.2.19
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 20.2.19.1
Factor out of .
Step 20.2.19.2
Factor out of .
Step 20.2.19.3
Factor out of .
Step 20.2.19.4
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 20.2.19.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 20.2.19.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 20.2.19.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 20.2.20
Rewrite as .
Step 20.2.21
Factor out of .
Step 20.2.22
Factor out of .
Step 20.2.23
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 20.2.24
The final answer is .
Step 21
These are the local extrema for .
is a local maxima
is a local minima
is a local minima
Step 22