Calculus Examples

$f (x) = 2 x^{4} - 3 x^{3} + x - \sqrt{5} x^{- 2} + 7 x - 3$

Step 1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 x^{4} - 3 x^{3} + x - \sqrt{5} x^{- 2} + 7 x - 3$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3 x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \sqrt{5} x^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [7 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3 x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \sqrt{5} x^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [7 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$

Step 2

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{4}]$ .

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Step 2.1

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x^{4}$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}]$ .

$2 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{4}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3 x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \sqrt{5} x^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [7 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 4$ .

$2 (4 x^{3}) + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3 x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \sqrt{5} x^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [7 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$

Step 2.3

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$8 x^{3} + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3 x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \sqrt{5} x^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [7 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$

Step 3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [- 3 x^{3}]$ .

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Step 3.1

Since $- 3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 3 x^{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $- 3 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}]$ .

$8 x^{3} - 3 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \sqrt{5} x^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [7 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$8 x^{3} - 3 (3 x^{2}) + \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \sqrt{5} x^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [7 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$

Step 3.3

Multiply $3$ by $- 3$ .

$8 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \sqrt{5} x^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [7 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$

Step 4

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$8 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- \sqrt{5} x^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [7 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$

Step 5

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [- \sqrt{5} x^{- 2}]$ .

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Step 5.1

Since $- \sqrt{5}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- \sqrt{5} x^{- 2}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \sqrt{5} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{- 2}]$ .

$8 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + 1 - \sqrt{5} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{- 2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [7 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$

Step 5.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = - 2$ .

$8 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + 1 - \sqrt{5} (- 2 x^{- 3}) + \frac{d}{d x} [7 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$

Step 5.3

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 1$ .

$8 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + 1 + 2 \sqrt{5} x^{- 3} + \frac{d}{d x} [7 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$

Step 6

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [7 x]$ .

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Step 6.1

Since $7$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $7 x$ with respect to $x$ is $7 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$8 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + 1 + 2 \sqrt{5} x^{- 3} + 7 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$

Step 6.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$8 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + 1 + 2 \sqrt{5} x^{- 3} + 7 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$

Step 6.3

Multiply $7$ by $1$ .

$8 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + 1 + 2 \sqrt{5} x^{- 3} + 7 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$

Step 7

Since $- 3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 3$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$8 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + 1 + 2 \sqrt{5} x^{- 3} + 7 + 0$

Step 8

Simplify.

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Step 8.1

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$8 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + 1 + 2 \sqrt{5} \frac{1}{x^{3}} + 7 + 0$

Step 8.2

Combine terms.

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Step 8.2.1

Combine $\frac{1}{x^{3}}$ and $2$ .

$8 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + 1 + \frac{2}{x^{3}} \sqrt{5} + 7 + 0$

Step 8.2.2

Combine $\frac{2}{x^{3}}$ and $\sqrt{5}$ .

$8 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + 1 + \frac{2 \sqrt{5}}{x^{3}} + 7 + 0$

Step 8.2.3

Add $1$ and $7$ .

$8 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + \frac{2 \sqrt{5}}{x^{3}} + 8 + 0$

Step 8.2.4

Add $8 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + \frac{2 \sqrt{5}}{x^{3}} + 8$ and $0$ .

$8 x^{3} - 9 x^{2} + \frac{2 \sqrt{5}}{x^{3}} + 8$