Calculus Examples

$h (x) = \ln (6 x + \sqrt{36 x^{2} - 2})$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{36 x^{2} - 2}$ as ${(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\ln (6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}})]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \ln (x)$ and $g (x) = 6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\ln (u_{1})] \frac{d}{d x} [6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 2.2

The derivative of $\ln (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $\frac{1}{u_{1}}$ .

$\frac{1}{u_{1}} \frac{d}{d x} [6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 3

Differentiate.

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Step 3.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [6 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}]$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{d}{d x} [6 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.2

Since $6$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $6 x$ with respect to $x$ is $6 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.4

Multiply $6$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{d}{d x} [{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 4

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = 36 x^{2} - 2$ .

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Step 4.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $36 x^{2} - 2$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [36 x^{2} - 2])$

Step 4.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{2}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{1}{2} {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [36 x^{2} - 2])$

Step 4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $36 x^{2} - 2$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{1}{2} {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [36 x^{2} - 2])$

Step 5

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{1}{2} {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [36 x^{2} - 2])$

Step 6

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{1}{2} {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [36 x^{2} - 2])$

Step 7

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{1}{2} {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [36 x^{2} - 2])$

Step 8

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 8.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{1}{2} {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [36 x^{2} - 2])$

Step 8.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{1}{2} {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [36 x^{2} - 2])$

Step 9

Combine fractions.

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Step 9.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{1}{2} {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [36 x^{2} - 2])$

Step 9.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [36 x^{2} - 2])$

Step 9.3

Move ${(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{1}{2 {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [36 x^{2} - 2])$

Step 10

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $36 x^{2} - 2$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [36 x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{1}{2 {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{d}{d x} [36 x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]))$

Step 11

Since $36$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $36 x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $36 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{1}{2 {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (36 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]))$

Step 12

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{1}{2 {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (36 (2 x) + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]))$

Step 13

Multiply $2$ by $36$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{1}{2 {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (72 x + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]))$

Step 14

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 2$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{1}{2 {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (72 x + 0))$

Step 15

Simplify terms.

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Step 15.1

Add $72 x$ and $0$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{1}{2 {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (72 x))$

Step 15.2

Combine $72$ and $\frac{1}{2 {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{72}{2 {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} x)$

Step 15.3

Combine $\frac{72}{2 {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $x$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{72 x}{2 {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}})$

Step 15.4

Factor $2$ out of $72 x$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{2 (36 x)}{2 {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}})$

Step 16

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 16.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{2 (36 x)}{2 ({(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}})})$

Step 16.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{2 (36 x)}{2 {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}})$

Step 16.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{36 x}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}})$

Step 17

Simplify.

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Step 17.1

Reorder the factors of $\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (6 + \frac{36 x}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}})$ .

$(6 + \frac{36 x}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}) \frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 17.2

Multiply $6 + \frac{36 x}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $\frac{1}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{6 + \frac{36 x}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 17.3

Multiply the numerator and denominator of the fraction by ${(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 17.3.1

Multiply $\frac{6 + \frac{36 x}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $\frac{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{6 + \frac{36 x}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 17.3.2

Combine.

$\frac{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (6 + \frac{36 x}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}$

Step 17.4

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 6 + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{36 x}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (6 x) + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 17.5

Cancel the common factor of ${(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 17.5.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 17.5.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 6 + 36 x}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (6 x) + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 17.6

Factor $6$ out of ${(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 6 + 36 x$ .

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Step 17.6.1

Factor $6$ out of ${(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 6$ .

$\frac{6 \cdot {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 36 x}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 17.6.2

Factor $6$ out of $36 x$ .

$\frac{6 \cdot {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 6 (6 x)}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 17.6.3

Factor $6$ out of $6 \cdot {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 6 (6 x)$ .

$\frac{6 ({(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 6 x)}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 17.7

Factor ${(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of ${(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 17.7.1

Move ${(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{6 ({(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 6 x)}{6 x {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 17.7.2

Factor ${(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $6 x {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{6 ({(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 6 x)}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (6 x) + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 17.7.3

Factor ${(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of ${(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{6 ({(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 6 x)}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (6 x) + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} ({(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}$

Step 17.7.4

Factor ${(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of ${(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (6 x) + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} ({(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}})$ .

$\frac{6 ({(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + 6 x)}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}$

Step 17.8

Reorder terms.

$\frac{6 (6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}$

Step 17.9

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{6 (6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (6 x + {(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}$

Step 17.10

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{6}{{(36 x^{2} - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$