Calculus Examples

$h (x) = x \tan (2 \sqrt{x}) + 7$

Step 1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x \tan (2 \sqrt{x}) + 7$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x \tan (2 \sqrt{x})] + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x \tan (2 \sqrt{x})] + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [x \tan (2 \sqrt{x})]$ .

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Step 2.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}})] + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}})$ .

$x \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}})] + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \tan (x)$ and $g (x) = 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 2.3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$x (\frac{d}{d u} [\tan (u)] \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}]) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.3.2

The derivative of $\tan (u)$ with respect to $u$ is $\sec^{2} (u)$ .

$x (\sec^{2} (u) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}]) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$x (\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}]) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.4

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]$ .

$x (\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (2 \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}])) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$x (\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1}))) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.6

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$x (\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1}))) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.7

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$x (\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}}))) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.8

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$x (\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}}))) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.9

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$x (\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}}))) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.10

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 2.10.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$x (\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}}))) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.10.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$x (\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{- 1}{2}}))) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.11

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$x (\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (2 (\frac{1}{2} x^{- \frac{1}{2}}))) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.12

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$x (\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) (2 \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2})) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.13

Combine $2$ and $\frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ .

$x (\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{2 x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.14

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$x (\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{2}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.15

Cancel the common factor.

$x (\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{2}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.16

Rewrite the expression.

$x (\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.17

Combine $\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}})$ and $\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$x \frac{\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.18

Combine $x$ and $\frac{\sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{x \sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}})}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.19

Move $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the numerator using the negative exponent rule $\frac{1}{b^{n}} = b^{- n}$ .

$x \sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) x^{- \frac{1}{2}} + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.20

Multiply $x$ by $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.20.1

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$x^{- \frac{1}{2}} x \sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.20.2

Multiply $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by $x$ .

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Step 2.20.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{- \frac{1}{2}} x^{1} \sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.20.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{- \frac{1}{2} + 1} \sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.20.3

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$x^{- \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{2}} \sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.20.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$x^{\frac{- 1 + 2}{2}} \sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.20.5

Add $- 1$ and $2$ .

$x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 2.21

Multiply $\tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}})$ by $1$ .

$x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) + \frac{d}{d x} [7]$

Step 3

Differentiate using the Constant Rule.

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Step 3.1

Since $7$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $7$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) + 0$

Step 3.2

Add $x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}})$ and $0$ .

$x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sec^{2} (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}) + \tan (2 x^{\frac{1}{2}})$