Calculus Examples

$g (x) = \frac{\sqrt{x - 3}}{5 - x}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x - 3}$ as ${(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{{(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{5 - x}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = 5 - x$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) \frac{d}{d x} [{(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}] - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = x - 3$ .

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Step 3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $x - 3$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) (\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [x - 3]) - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{1}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) (\frac{1}{2} {u_{1}}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x - 3]) - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $x - 3$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) (\frac{1}{2} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x - 3]) - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 4

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) (\frac{1}{2} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x - 3]) - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 5

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) (\frac{1}{2} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x - 3]) - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 6

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{(5 - x) (\frac{1}{2} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x - 3]) - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 7

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) (\frac{1}{2} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x - 3]) - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 7.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) (\frac{1}{2} {(x - 3)}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x - 3]) - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 8

Combine fractions.

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Step 8.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{(5 - x) (\frac{1}{2} {(x - 3)}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x - 3]) - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 8.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(x - 3)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) (\frac{{(x - 3)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [x - 3]) - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 8.3

Move ${(x - 3)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) (\frac{1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [x - 3]) - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 9

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x - 3$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) \frac{1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]) - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 10

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) \frac{1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 3]) - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 11

Since $- 3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 3$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) \frac{1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (1 + 0) - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 12

Simplify the expression.

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Step 12.1

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) \frac{1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 1 - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 12.2

Multiply $5 - x$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) \frac{1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [5 - x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 13

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $5 - x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [5] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x]$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) \frac{1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{d}{d x} [5] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x])}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 14

Since $5$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $5$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) \frac{1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [- x])}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 15

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [- x]$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) \frac{1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [- x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 16

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- x$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) \frac{1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- \frac{d}{d x} [x])}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 17

Multiply.

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Step 17.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) \frac{1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 1 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 17.2

Multiply ${(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) \frac{1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 18

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) \frac{1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 19

Multiply ${(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(5 - x) \frac{1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 20

Simplify.

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Step 20.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 20.1.1

Let $u_{2} = {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ . Substitute $u_{2}$ for all occurrences of ${(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 20.1.1.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{\frac{5 - x + 2 u_{2} \cdot u_{2}}{2 u_{2}}}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 20.1.1.2

Multiply $u_{2}$ by $u_{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 20.1.1.2.1

Move $u_{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{5 - x + 2 (u_{2} \cdot u_{2})}{2 u_{2}}}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 20.1.1.2.2

Multiply $u_{2}$ by $u_{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{5 - x + 2 {u_{2}}^{2}}{2 u_{2}}}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 20.1.2

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with ${(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{5 - x + 2 {({(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 20.1.3

Simplify.

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Step 20.1.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 20.1.3.1.1

Multiply the exponents in ${({(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ .

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Step 20.1.3.1.1.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{\frac{5 - x + 2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 20.1.3.1.1.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 20.1.3.1.1.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{\frac{5 - x + 2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 20.1.3.1.1.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\frac{5 - x + 2 {(x - 3)}^{1}}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 20.1.3.1.2

Simplify.

$\frac{\frac{5 - x + 2 (x - 3)}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 20.1.3.1.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\frac{5 - x + 2 x + 2 \cdot - 3}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 20.1.3.1.4

Multiply $2$ by $- 3$ .

$\frac{\frac{5 - x + 2 x - 6}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 20.1.3.2

Subtract $6$ from $5$ .

$\frac{\frac{- x + 2 x - 1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 20.1.3.3

Add $- x$ and $2 x$ .

$\frac{\frac{x - 1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 20.2

Combine terms.

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Step 20.2.1

Rewrite $\frac{\frac{x - 1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$ as a product.

$\frac{x - 1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$

Step 20.2.2

Multiply $\frac{x - 1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $\frac{1}{{(5 - x)}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{x - 1}{2 {(x - 3)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(5 - x)}^{2}}$