Calculus Examples

$f (x) = \ln (\arcsin (\sin (\sec (x))))$

Step 1

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \ln (x)$ and $g (x) = \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))$ .

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Step 1.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $\arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\ln (u_{1})] \frac{d}{d x} [\arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))]$

Step 1.2

The derivative of $\ln (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $\frac{1}{u_{1}}$ .

$\frac{1}{u_{1}} \frac{d}{d x} [\arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))]$

Step 1.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $\arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))$ .

$\frac{1}{\arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))} \frac{d}{d x} [\arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \arcsin (x)$ and $g (x) = \sin (\sec (x))$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $\sin (\sec (x))$ .

$\frac{1}{\arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))} (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [\arcsin (u_{2})] \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (\sec (x))])$

Step 2.2

The derivative of $\arcsin (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {u_{2}}^{2}}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))} (\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {u_{2}}^{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (\sec (x))])$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $\sin (\sec (x))$ .

$\frac{1}{\arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))} (\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))}} \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (\sec (x))])$

Step 3

Multiply $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))}}$ by $\frac{1}{\arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))} \frac{d}{d x} [\sin (\sec (x))]$

Step 4

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \sin (x)$ and $g (x) = \sec (x)$ .

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Step 4.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{3}$ as $\sec (x)$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))} (\frac{d}{d u_{3}} [\sin (u_{3})] \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)])$

Step 4.2

The derivative of $\sin (u_{3})$ with respect to $u_{3}$ is $\cos (u_{3})$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))} (\cos (u_{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)])$

Step 4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{3}$ with $\sec (x)$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))} (\cos (\sec (x)) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)])$

Step 5

Combine $\cos (\sec (x))$ and $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$ .

$\frac{\cos (\sec (x))}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)]$

Step 6

The derivative of $\sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec (x) \tan (x)$ .

$\frac{\cos (\sec (x))}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))} (\sec (x) \tan (x))$

Step 7

Combine fractions.

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Step 7.1

Combine $\sec (x)$ and $\frac{\cos (\sec (x))}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$ .

$\frac{\sec (x) \cos (\sec (x))}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))} \tan (x)$

Step 7.2

Combine $\frac{\sec (x) \cos (\sec (x))}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$ and $\tan (x)$ .

$\frac{\sec (x) \cos (\sec (x)) \tan (x)}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$

Step 8

Simplify.

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Step 8.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 8.1.1

Rewrite $\sec (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$\frac{\frac{1}{\cos (x)} \cos (\sec (x)) \tan (x)}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$

Step 8.1.2

Combine $\frac{1}{\cos (x)}$ and $\cos (\sec (x))$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos (\sec (x))}{\cos (x)} \tan (x)}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$

Step 8.1.3

Rewrite $\tan (x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$\frac{\frac{\cos (\sec (x))}{\cos (x)} \cdot \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$

Step 8.1.4

Multiply $\frac{\cos (\sec (x))}{\cos (x)} \cdot \frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}$ .

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Step 8.1.4.1

Multiply $\frac{\cos (\sec (x))}{\cos (x)}$ by $\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos (\sec (x)) \sin (x)}{\cos (x) \cos (x)}}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$

Step 8.1.4.2

Raise $\cos (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos (\sec (x)) \sin (x)}{\cos^{1} (x) \cos (x)}}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$

Step 8.1.4.3

Raise $\cos (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos (\sec (x)) \sin (x)}{\cos^{1} (x) \cos^{1} (x)}}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$

Step 8.1.4.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{\cos (\sec (x)) \sin (x)}{{\cos (x)}^{1 + 1}}}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$

Step 8.1.4.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos (\sec (x)) \sin (x)}{\cos^{2} (x)}}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$

Step 8.1.5

Factor $\cos (x)$ out of $\cos^{2} (x)$ .

$\frac{\frac{\cos (\sec (x)) \sin (x)}{\cos (x) \cos (x)}}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$

Step 8.1.6

Separate fractions.

$\frac{\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)} \cdot \frac{\cos (\sec (x))}{\cos (x)}}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$

Step 8.1.7

Rewrite $\frac{\cos (\sec (x))}{\cos (x)}$ as a product.

$\frac{\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)} (\cos (\sec (x)) \frac{1}{\cos (x)})}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$

Step 8.1.8

Write $\cos (\sec (x))$ as a fraction with denominator $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)} (\frac{\cos (\sec (x))}{1} \cdot \frac{1}{\cos (x)})}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$

Step 8.1.9

Simplify.

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Step 8.1.9.1

Divide $\cos (\sec (x))$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)} (\cos (\sec (x)) \frac{1}{\cos (x)})}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$

Step 8.1.9.2

Convert from $\frac{1}{\cos (x)}$ to $\sec (x)$ .

$\frac{\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)} (\cos (\sec (x)) \sec (x))}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$

Step 8.1.10

Convert from $\frac{\sin (x)}{\cos (x)}$ to $\tan (x)$ .

$\frac{\tan (x) \cos (\sec (x)) \sec (x)}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$

Step 8.2

Reorder terms.

$\frac{\cos (\sec (x)) \sec (x) \tan (x)}{\sqrt{1 - \sin^{2} (\sec (x))} \arcsin (\sin (\sec (x)))}$