Calculus Examples

$f (x) = \ln (2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x)))$

Step 1

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \ln (x)$ and $g (x) = 2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))$ .

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Step 1.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\ln (u_{1})] \frac{d}{d x} [2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))]$

Step 1.2

The derivative of $\ln (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $\frac{1}{u_{1}}$ .

$\frac{1}{u_{1}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))]$

Step 1.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} \frac{d}{d x} [2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))]$

Step 2

Differentiate.

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Step 2.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [2 \ln (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (\tan (5 x))]$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (\frac{d}{d x} [2 \ln (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (\tan (5 x))])$

Step 2.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 \ln (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)]$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (2 \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (\tan (5 x))])$

Step 3

The derivative of $\ln (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (2 \frac{1}{x} + \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (\tan (5 x))])$

Step 4

Combine $2$ and $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (\frac{2}{x} + \frac{d}{d x} [\ln (\tan (5 x))])$

Step 5

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \ln (x)$ and $g (x) = \tan (5 x)$ .

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Step 5.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $\tan (5 x)$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (\frac{2}{x} + \frac{d}{d u_{2}} [\ln (u_{2})] \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (5 x)])$

Step 5.2

The derivative of $\ln (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\frac{1}{u_{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (\frac{2}{x} + \frac{1}{u_{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (5 x)])$

Step 5.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $\tan (5 x)$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (\frac{2}{x} + \frac{1}{\tan (5 x)} \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (5 x)])$

Step 6

Rewrite $\tan (5 x)$ in terms of sines and cosines.

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (\frac{2}{x} + \frac{1}{\frac{\sin (5 x)}{\cos (5 x)}} \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (5 x)])$

Step 7

Multiply by the reciprocal of the fraction to divide by $\frac{\sin (5 x)}{\cos (5 x)}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (\frac{2}{x} + \frac{\cos (5 x)}{\sin (5 x)} \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (5 x)])$

Step 8

Convert from $\frac{\cos (5 x)}{\sin (5 x)}$ to $\cot (5 x)$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (\frac{2}{x} + \cot (5 x) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (5 x)])$

Step 9

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \tan (x)$ and $g (x) = 5 x$ .

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Step 9.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{3}$ as $5 x$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (\frac{2}{x} + \cot (5 x) (\frac{d}{d u_{3}} [\tan (u_{3})] \frac{d}{d x} [5 x]))$

Step 9.2

The derivative of $\tan (u_{3})$ with respect to $u_{3}$ is $\sec^{2} (u_{3})$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (\frac{2}{x} + \cot (5 x) (\sec^{2} (u_{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [5 x]))$

Step 9.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{3}$ with $5 x$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (\frac{2}{x} + \cot (5 x) (\sec^{2} (5 x) \frac{d}{d x} [5 x]))$

Step 10

Differentiate.

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Step 10.1

Since $5$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $5 x$ with respect to $x$ is $5 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (\frac{2}{x} + \cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x) (5 \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 10.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (\frac{2}{x} + \cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x) (5 \cdot 1))$

Step 10.3

Simplify the expression.

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Step 10.3.1

Multiply $5$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (\frac{2}{x} + \cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x) \cdot 5)$

Step 10.3.2

Move $5$ to the left of $\cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x)$ .

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (\frac{2}{x} + 5 \cdot (\cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x)))$

Step 11

Simplify.

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Step 11.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} \cdot \frac{2}{x} + \frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (5 \cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x))$

Step 11.2

Multiply $\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))}$ by $\frac{2}{x}$ .

$\frac{2}{(2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))) x} + \frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} (5 \cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x))$

Step 11.3

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{2}{(2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))) x} + 5 \frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} \cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x)$

Step 11.4

Simplify each term.

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Step 11.4.1

Combine $5$ and $\frac{1}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))}$ .

$\frac{2}{(2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))) x} + \frac{5}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} \cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x)$

Step 11.4.2

Combine $\frac{5}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))}$ and $\cot (5 x)$ .

$\frac{2}{(2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))) x} + \frac{5 \cot (5 x)}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} \sec^{2} (5 x)$

Step 11.4.3

Combine $\frac{5 \cot (5 x)}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))}$ and $\sec^{2} (5 x)$ .

$\frac{2}{(2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))) x} + \frac{5 \cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x)}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))}$

Step 11.5

To write $\frac{5 \cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x)}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{x}{x}$ .

$\frac{2}{(2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))) x} + \frac{5 \cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x)}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))} \cdot \frac{x}{x}$

Step 11.6

Multiply $\frac{5 \cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x)}{2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))}$ by $\frac{x}{x}$ .

$\frac{2}{(2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))) x} + \frac{5 \cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x) x}{(2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))) x}$

Step 11.7

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{2 + 5 \cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x) x}{(2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))) x}$

Step 11.8

Reorder factors in $\frac{2 + 5 \cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x) x}{(2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x))) x}$ .

$\frac{2 + 5 x \cot (5 x) \sec^{2} (5 x)}{x (2 \ln (x) + \ln (\tan (5 x)))}$