Calculus Examples

$f (x) = D \cdot (m \cdot \log (\frac{x \cdot (\frac{1}{D} - C \cdot A)}{c}) - x \cdot A + b)$

Step 1

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d D} [f (D) g (D)]$ is $f (D) \frac{d}{d D} [g (D)] + g (D) \frac{d}{d D} [f (D)]$ where $f (D) = D$ and $g (D) = m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b$ .

$D \frac{d}{d D} [m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b] + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 2

Differentiate.

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Step 2.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b$ with respect to $D$ is $\frac{d}{d D} [m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c})] + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]$ .

$D (\frac{d}{d D} [m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c})] + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 2.2

Since $m$ is constant with respect to $D$ , the derivative of $m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c})$ with respect to $D$ is $m \frac{d}{d D} [\log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c})]$ .

$D (m \frac{d}{d D} [\log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c})] + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d D} [f (g (D))]$ is $f' (g (D)) g' (D)$ where $f (D) = \log (D)$ and $g (D) = \frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}$ .

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Step 3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}$ .

$D (m (\frac{d}{d u} [\log (u)] \frac{d}{d D} [\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}]) + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 3.2

The derivative of $\log (u)$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{1}{u \ln (10)}$ .

$D (m (\frac{1}{u \ln (10)} \frac{d}{d D} [\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}]) + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}$ .

$D (m (\frac{1}{\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c} \ln (10)} \frac{d}{d D} [\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}]) + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 4

Combine $\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}$ and $\ln (10)$ .

$D (m (\frac{1}{\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)}{c}} \frac{d}{d D} [\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}]) + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 5

Multiply by the reciprocal of the fraction to divide by $\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)}{c}$ .

$D (m (1 \frac{c}{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)} \frac{d}{d D} [\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}]) + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 6

Combine fractions.

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Step 6.1

Multiply $\frac{c}{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)}$ by $1$ .

$D (m (\frac{c}{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)} \frac{d}{d D} [\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}]) + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 6.2

Combine $\frac{c}{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)}$ and $m$ .

$D (\frac{c m}{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)} \frac{d}{d D} [\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}] + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 7

Since $\frac{x}{c}$ is constant with respect to $D$ , the derivative of $\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}$ with respect to $D$ is $\frac{x}{c} \frac{d}{d D} [\frac{1}{D} - C A]$ .

$D (\frac{c m}{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)} (\frac{x}{c} \frac{d}{d D} [\frac{1}{D} - C A]) + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 8

Simplify terms.

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Step 8.1

Multiply $\frac{x}{c}$ by $\frac{c m}{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)}$ .

$D (\frac{x (c m)}{c (x (\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10))} \frac{d}{d D} [\frac{1}{D} - C A] + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 8.2

Cancel the common factor of $x$ .

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Step 8.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$D (\frac{x c m}{c x (\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)} \frac{d}{d D} [\frac{1}{D} - C A] + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 8.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$D (\frac{c m}{(c (\frac{1}{D} - C A)) \ln (10)} \frac{d}{d D} [\frac{1}{D} - C A] + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 8.3

Cancel the common factor of $c$ .

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Step 8.3.1

Cancel the common factor.

$D (\frac{c m}{c (\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)} \frac{d}{d D} [\frac{1}{D} - C A] + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 8.3.2

Rewrite the expression.

$D (\frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)} \frac{d}{d D} [\frac{1}{D} - C A] + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 9

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $\frac{1}{D} - C A$ with respect to $D$ is $\frac{d}{d D} [\frac{1}{D}] + \frac{d}{d D} [- C A]$ .

$D (\frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)} (\frac{d}{d D} [\frac{1}{D}] + \frac{d}{d D} [- C A]) + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 10

Rewrite $\frac{1}{D}$ as $D^{- 1}$ .

$D (\frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)} (\frac{d}{d D} [D^{- 1}] + \frac{d}{d D} [- C A]) + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 11

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d D} [D^{n}]$ is $n D^{n - 1}$ where $n = - 1$ .

$D (\frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)} (- D^{- 2} + \frac{d}{d D} [- C A]) + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 12

Since $- C A$ is constant with respect to $D$ , the derivative of $- C A$ with respect to $D$ is $0$ .

$D (\frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)} (- D^{- 2} + 0) + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 13

Combine fractions.

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Step 13.1

Add $- D^{- 2}$ and $0$ .

$D (\frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)} (- D^{- 2}) + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 13.2

Combine $\frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)}$ and $D^{- 2}$ .

$D (- \frac{m D^{- 2}}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10)} + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 13.3

Move $D^{- 2}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$D (- \frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D^{2}} + \frac{d}{d D} [- x A] + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 14

Since $- x A$ is constant with respect to $D$ , the derivative of $- x A$ with respect to $D$ is $0$ .

$D (- \frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D^{2}} + 0 + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 15

Add $- \frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D^{2}}$ and $0$ .

$D (- \frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D^{2}} + \frac{d}{d D} [b]) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 16

Since $b$ is constant with respect to $D$ , the derivative of $b$ with respect to $D$ is $0$ .

$D (- \frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D^{2}} + 0) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 17

Simplify terms.

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Step 17.1

Add $- \frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D^{2}}$ and $0$ .

$D (- \frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D^{2}}) + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 17.2

Combine $D$ and $\frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D^{2}}$ .

$- \frac{D m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D^{2}} + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 17.3

Cancel the common factor of $D$ and $D^{2}$ .

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Step 17.3.1

Factor $D$ out of $D m$ .

$- \frac{D (m)}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D^{2}} + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 17.3.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 17.3.2.1

Factor $D$ out of $(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D^{2}$ .

$- \frac{D (m)}{D ((\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D)} + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 17.3.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$- \frac{D m}{D ((\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D)} + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 17.3.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$- \frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D} + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \frac{d}{d D} [D]$

Step 18

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d D} [D^{n}]$ is $n D^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$- \frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D} + (m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b) \cdot 1$

Step 19

Multiply $m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b$ by $1$ .

$- \frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D} + m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) - x A + b$

Step 20

To write $m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c})$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D}$ .

$- \frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D} + m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) \cdot \frac{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D} - x A + b$

Step 21

Combine $m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c})$ and $\frac{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D}$ .

$- \frac{m}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D} + \frac{m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) ((\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D)}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D} - x A + b$

Step 22

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- m + m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) ((\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D)}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D} - x A + b$

Step 23

Combine $\frac{- m + m \log (\frac{x (\frac{1}{D} - C A)}{c}) ((\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D)}{(\frac{1}{D} - C A) \ln (10) D}$ and $- x A$ using a common denominator.

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Step 23.1

Reorder $\frac{- m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A + \frac{1}{D})}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}$ and $- x A$ .

$- x A + \frac{- m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A + \frac{1}{D})}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)} + b$

Step 23.2

To write $- x A$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}$ .

$- x A \cdot \frac{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)} + \frac{- m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A + \frac{1}{D})}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)} + b$

Step 23.3

Combine $- x A$ and $\frac{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}$ .

$\frac{- x A (D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10))}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)} + \frac{- m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A + \frac{1}{D})}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)} + b$

Step 23.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- x A (D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A + \frac{1}{D})}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)} + b$

Step 24

To write $b$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}$ .

$\frac{- x A (D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A + \frac{1}{D})}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)} + b \cdot \frac{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}$

Step 25

Combine $b$ and $\frac{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}$ .

$\frac{- x A (D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A + \frac{1}{D})}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)} + \frac{b (D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10))}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}$

Step 26

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- x A (D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A + \frac{1}{D})}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b (D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10))}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}$

Step 27

Simplify.

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Step 27.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- x A ((D (- C A) + D \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A + \frac{1}{D})}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}$

Step 27.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- x A (D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A + \frac{1}{D})}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}$

Step 27.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- x A (D (- C A) \ln (10)) - x A (D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A + \frac{1}{D})}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}$

Step 27.4

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- x A (D (- C A) \ln (10)) - x A (D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A) + x \frac{1}{D}}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}$

Step 27.5

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- x A (D (- C A) \ln (10)) - x A (D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A) + x \frac{1}{D}}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + (b D (- C A) + b D \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}$

Step 27.6

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- x A (D (- C A) \ln (10)) - x A (D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A) + x \frac{1}{D}}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10)}$

Step 27.7

Apply the distributive property.

Step 27.8

Apply the distributive property.

Step 27.9

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 27.9.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 27.9.1.1

Multiply $A$ by $A$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 27.9.1.1.1

Move $A$ .

$\frac{- x (A \cdot A) (D (- C) \ln (10)) - x A (D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A) + x \frac{1}{D}}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.1.2

Multiply $A$ by $A$ .

$\frac{- x A^{2} (D (- C) \ln (10)) - x A (D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A) + x \frac{1}{D}}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{- x A^{2} (- D C \ln (10)) - x A (D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A) + x \frac{1}{D}}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.3

Multiply $- x A^{2} (- D C \ln (10))$ .

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Step 27.9.1.3.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{1 x A^{2} (D C \ln (10)) - x A (D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A) + x \frac{1}{D}}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.3.2

Multiply $x$ by $1$ .

$\frac{x A^{2} (D C \ln (10)) - x A (D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A) + x \frac{1}{D}}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.4

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A (D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A) + x \frac{1}{D}}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.5

Cancel the common factor of $D$ .

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Step 27.9.1.5.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 27.9.1.5.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A (1 \ln (10)) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A) + x \frac{1}{D}}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.6

Multiply $\ln (10)$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A) + x \frac{1}{D}}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.7

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 27.9.1.7.1

Factor $x$ out of $x (- C A) + x \frac{1}{D}$ .

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Step 27.9.1.7.1.1

Factor $x$ out of $x \frac{1}{D}$ .

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A) + x (\frac{1}{D})}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.7.1.2

Factor $x$ out of $x (- C A) + x (\frac{1}{D})$ .

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A + \frac{1}{D})}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.7.2

To write $- C A$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{D}{D}$ .

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A \cdot \frac{D}{D} + \frac{1}{D})}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.7.3

Combine $- C A$ and $\frac{D}{D}$ .

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (\frac{- C A D}{D} + \frac{1}{D})}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.7.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m + D m \log (\frac{x \frac{- C A D + 1}{D}}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.8

Combine $x$ and $\frac{- C A D + 1}{D}$ .

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m + D m \log (\frac{\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D}}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.9

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D} \cdot \frac{1}{c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.10

Multiply $\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D}$ by $\frac{1}{c}$ .

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) (- C A + \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.11

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m + (D m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) (- C A) + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.12

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m + (- D m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) (C A) + D m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.13

Cancel the common factor of $D$ .

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Step 27.9.1.13.1

Factor $D$ out of $D m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c})$ .

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m + (- D m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) (C A) + D (m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c})) \frac{1}{D}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.13.2

Cancel the common factor.

Step 27.9.1.13.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m + (- D m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) (C A) + m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c})) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.14

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m - D m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) (C A) \ln (10) + m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) \ln (10) + b D (- C A) \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.15

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m - D m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) (C A) \ln (10) + m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) \ln (10) - b D C A \ln (10) + b D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.16

Cancel the common factor of $D$ .

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Step 27.9.1.16.1

Factor $D$ out of $b D$ .

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m - D m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) (C A) \ln (10) + m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) \ln (10) - b D C A \ln (10) + D b \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.1.16.2

Cancel the common factor.

Step 27.9.1.16.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m - D m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) (C A) \ln (10) + m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) \ln (10) - b D C A \ln (10) + b \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.9.2

Reorder factors in $\ln (10) x A^{2} D C - x A \ln (10) - m - D m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) (C A) \ln (10) + m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) \ln (10) - b D C A \ln (10) + b \ln (10)$ .

$\frac{x A^{2} D C \ln (10) - x A \ln (10) - m - D m C A \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) \ln (10) + m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) \ln (10) - b D C A \ln (10) + b \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + D \frac{1}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.10

Combine terms.

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Step 27.10.1

Combine $D$ and $\frac{1}{D}$ .

$\frac{x A^{2} D C \ln (10) - x A \ln (10) - m - D m C A \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) \ln (10) + m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) \ln (10) - b D C A \ln (10) + b \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + \frac{D}{D} \ln (10)}$

Step 27.10.2

Cancel the common factor of $D$ .

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Step 27.10.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 27.10.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x A^{2} D C \ln (10) - x A \ln (10) - m - D m C A \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) \ln (10) + m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) \ln (10) - b D C A \ln (10) + b \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + 1 \ln (10)}$

Step 27.10.3

Multiply $\ln (10)$ by $1$ .

$\frac{x A^{2} D C \ln (10) - x A \ln (10) - m - D m C A \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) \ln (10) + m \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) \ln (10) - b D C A \ln (10) + b \ln (10)}{D (- C A) \ln (10) + \ln (10)}$

Step 27.11

Reorder terms.

$\frac{A^{2} C D x \ln (10) - A x \ln (10) - A C D m \ln (10) \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) + m \ln (10) \log (\frac{x (- C A D + 1)}{D c}) - A C D b \ln (10) + b \ln (10) - m}{- A C D \ln (10) + \ln (10)}$