Calculus Examples

$f (x) = \arcsin (\frac{x}{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}})$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}$ as ${(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\arcsin (\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \arcsin (x)$ and $g (x) = \frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\arcsin (u_{1})] \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}]$

Step 2.2

The derivative of $\arcsin (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {u_{1}}^{2}}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {u_{1}}^{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}]$

Step 3

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x] - x \frac{d}{d x} [{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{({(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 4

Multiply the exponents in ${({(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ .

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Step 4.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

Step 4.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 4.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 4.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x] - x \frac{d}{d x} [{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{1}}$

Step 5

Simplify.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x] - x \frac{d}{d x} [{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 6

Differentiate using the Power Rule.

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Step 6.1

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - x \frac{d}{d x} [{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 6.2

Multiply ${(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x \frac{d}{d x} [{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 7

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = 1 + x^{2}$ .

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Step 7.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $1 + x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{2}])}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 7.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{2}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {u_{2}}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{2}])}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 7.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $1 + x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{2}])}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 8

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{2}])}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 9

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{2}])}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 10

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{2}])}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 11

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 11.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{2}])}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 11.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{2}])}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 12

Combine fractions.

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Step 12.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{2}])}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 12.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(1 + x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{2}])}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 12.3

Move ${(1 + x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x (\frac{1}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{2}])}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 12.4

Combine $\frac{1}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $x$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{x}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{2}]}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 13

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $1 + x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{x}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 14

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{x}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 15

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{x}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 16

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{x}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (2 x)}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 17

Combine fractions.

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Step 17.1

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - 2 \frac{x}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} x}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 17.2

Combine $- 2$ and $\frac{x}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{- 2 x}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} x}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 17.3

Combine $\frac{- 2 x}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $x$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{- 2 x \cdot x}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 18

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{- 2 (x^{1} x)}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 19

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{- 2 (x^{1} x^{1})}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 20

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{- 2 x^{1 + 1}}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 21

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{- 2 x^{2}}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 22

Factor $2$ out of $- 2 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{2 (- x^{2})}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 23

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 23.1

Factor $2$ out of $2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{2 (- x^{2})}{2 ({(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 23.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{2 (- x^{2})}{2 {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 23.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{- x^{2}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 24

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - \frac{x^{2}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 25

To write ${(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{x^{2}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 26

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} - x^{2}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 27

Multiply ${(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by ${(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 27.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} - x^{2}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 27.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1 + 1}{2}} - x^{2}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 27.3

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{2}{2}} - x^{2}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 27.4

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{1} - x^{2}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 28

Simplify ${(1 + x^{2})}^{1}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1 + x^{2} - x^{2}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 29

Subtract $x^{2}$ from $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1 + 0}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 30

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 31

Rewrite $\frac{\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{1 + x^{2}}$ as a product.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} (\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{1 + x^{2}})$

Step 32

Multiply $\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} (1 + x^{2})}$

Step 33

Multiply ${(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $1 + x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 33.1

Multiply ${(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $1 + x^{2}$ .

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Step 33.1.1

Raise $1 + x^{2}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(1 + x^{2})}^{1}}$

Step 33.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + 1}}$

Step 33.2

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{2}}}$

Step 33.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1 + 2}{2}}}$

Step 33.4

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 34

Multiply $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}}}$ by $\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}})}^{2}} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 35

Simplify.

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Step 35.1

Apply the product rule to $\frac{x}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{{({(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 35.2

Combine terms.

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Step 35.2.1

Multiply the exponents in ${({(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ .

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Step 35.2.1.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 35.2.1.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 35.2.1.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 35.2.1.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{1}}} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 35.2.2

Simplify.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{x^{2}}{1 + x^{2}}} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 35.2.3

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1 + x^{2}}{1 + x^{2}} - \frac{x^{2}}{1 + x^{2}}} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 35.2.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1 + x^{2} - x^{2}}{1 + x^{2}}} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 35.2.5

Subtract $x^{2}$ from $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1 + 0}{1 + x^{2}}} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 35.2.6

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}}} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}}$

Step 35.3

Reorder terms.

$\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}}}}$

Step 35.4

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 35.4.1

Rewrite $\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}}}$ as $\frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{\sqrt{1}}{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}}$

Step 35.4.2

Any root of $1$ is $1$ .

$\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}}$

Step 35.4.3

Multiply $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} (\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}})}$

Step 35.4.4

Combine and simplify the denominator.

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Step 35.4.4.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}} \sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}}$

Step 35.4.4.2

Raise $\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}{{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}^{1} \sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}}$

Step 35.4.4.3

Raise $\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}{{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}^{1} {\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}^{1}}}$

Step 35.4.4.4

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}{{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}^{1 + 1}}}$

Step 35.4.4.5

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}{{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}^{2}}}$

Step 35.4.4.6

Rewrite ${\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}^{2}$ as $1 + x^{2}$ .

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Step 35.4.4.6.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}$ as ${(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}{{({(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}}$

Step 35.4.4.6.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}}$

Step 35.4.4.6.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{2}{2}}}}$

Step 35.4.4.6.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 35.4.4.6.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{2}{2}}}}$

Step 35.4.4.6.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{1}}}$

Step 35.4.4.6.5

Simplify.

$\frac{1}{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}{1 + x^{2}}}$

Step 35.5

Combine ${(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ and $\frac{\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}{1 + x^{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} \sqrt{1 + x^{2}}}{1 + x^{2}}}$

Step 35.6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 35.6.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{1 + x^{2}}$ as ${(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}} {(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{1 + x^{2}}}$

Step 35.6.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{1}{\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2} + \frac{1}{2}}}{1 + x^{2}}}$

Step 35.6.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{3 + 1}{2}}}{1 + x^{2}}}$

Step 35.6.4

Add $3$ and $1$ .

$\frac{1}{\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{4}{2}}}{1 + x^{2}}}$

Step 35.6.5

Cancel the common factor of $4$ and $2$ .

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Step 35.6.5.1

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$\frac{1}{\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2}}}{1 + x^{2}}}$

Step 35.6.5.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 35.6.5.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\frac{1}{\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 (1)}}}{1 + x^{2}}}$

Step 35.6.5.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{1}{\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{2 \cdot 2}{2 \cdot 1}}}{1 + x^{2}}}$

Step 35.6.5.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1}{\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{\frac{2}{1}}}{1 + x^{2}}}$

Step 35.6.5.2.4

Divide $2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}{1 + x^{2}}}$

Step 35.7

Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.

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Step 35.7.1

Reduce the expression $\frac{{(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}{1 + x^{2}}$ by cancelling the common factors.

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Step 35.7.1.1

Factor $1 + x^{2}$ out of ${(1 + x^{2})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{\frac{(1 + x^{2}) (1 + x^{2})}{1 + x^{2}}}$

Step 35.7.1.2

Multiply by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{\frac{(1 + x^{2}) (1 + x^{2})}{(1 + x^{2}) \cdot 1}}$

Step 35.7.1.3

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{1}{\frac{(1 + x^{2}) (1 + x^{2})}{(1 + x^{2}) \cdot 1}}$

Step 35.7.1.4

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1}{\frac{1 + x^{2}}{1}}$

Step 35.7.2

Divide $1 + x^{2}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}}$