Calculus Examples

$f (x) = \log (arcsec (\sqrt{x}))$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\log (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}))]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \log (x)$ and $g (x) = arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}})$ .

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Step 2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}})$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\log (u_{1})] \frac{d}{d x} [arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}})]$

Step 2.2

The derivative of $\log (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $\frac{1}{u_{1} \ln (10)}$ .

$\frac{1}{u_{1} \ln (10)} \frac{d}{d x} [arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}})]$

Step 2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}})$ .

$\frac{1}{arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10)} \frac{d}{d x} [arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}})]$

Step 3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = arcsec (x)$ and $g (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10)} (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [arcsec (u_{2})] \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.2

The derivative of $arcsec (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\frac{1}{u_{2} \sqrt{{u_{2}}^{2} - 1}}$ .

$\frac{1}{arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10)} (\frac{1}{u_{2} \sqrt{{u_{2}}^{2} - 1}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10)} (\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{{(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2} - 1}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 4

Multiply the exponents in ${(x^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ .

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Step 4.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{1}{arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10)} (\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} - 1}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 4.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 4.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{1}{arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10)} (\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2} - 1}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 4.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1}{arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10)} (\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x^{1} - 1}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 5

Simplify.

$\frac{1}{arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10)} (\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}])$

Step 6

Multiply $\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1}}$ by $\frac{1}{arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10)}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}]$

Step 7

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1})$

Step 8

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}})$

Step 9

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}})$

Step 10

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}})$

Step 11

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 11.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}})$

Step 11.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))} (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{- 1}{2}})$

Step 12

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))} (\frac{1}{2} x^{- \frac{1}{2}})$

Step 13

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))} \cdot \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}$

Step 14

Multiply $\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))}$ by $\frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10)) \cdot 2}$

Step 15

Simplify the expression.

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Step 15.1

Move $2$ to the left of $x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))$ .

$\frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2 \cdot (x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10)))}$

Step 15.2

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10)) x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 16

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 16.1

Multiply $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 16.1.1

Move $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))}$

Step 16.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))}$

Step 16.1.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1 + 1}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))}$

Step 16.1.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{2}{2}} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))}$

Step 16.1.5

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{2 x^{1} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))}$

Step 16.2

Simplify $2 x^{1} \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))$ .

$\frac{1}{2 x \sqrt{x - 1} (arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10))}$

Step 17

Reorder terms.

$\frac{1}{2 x \sqrt{x - 1} arcsec (x^{\frac{1}{2}}) \ln (10)}$