Calculus Examples

$f (x) = \arctan (x) - \arctan (x - 5)$

Step 1

Find the first derivative of the function.

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Step 1.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $\arctan (x) - \arctan (x - 5)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [\arctan (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \arctan (x - 5)]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\arctan (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [- \arctan (x - 5)]$

Step 1.2

The derivative of $\arctan (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}} + \frac{d}{d x} [- \arctan (x - 5)]$

Step 1.3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [- \arctan (x - 5)]$ .

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Step 1.3.1

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- \arctan (x - 5)$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [\arctan (x - 5)]$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}} - \frac{d}{d x} [\arctan (x - 5)]$

Step 1.3.2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \arctan (x)$ and $g (x) = x - 5$ .

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Step 1.3.2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $x - 5$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}} - (\frac{d}{d u} [\arctan (u)] \frac{d}{d x} [x - 5])$

Step 1.3.2.2

The derivative of $\arctan (u)$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{1}{1 + u^{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}} - (\frac{1}{1 + u^{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x - 5])$

Step 1.3.2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $x - 5$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}} - (\frac{1}{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x - 5])$

Step 1.3.3

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x - 5$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 5]$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}} - (\frac{1}{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}} (\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 5]))$

Step 1.3.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}} - (\frac{1}{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}} (1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 5]))$

Step 1.3.5

Since $- 5$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 5$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}} - (\frac{1}{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}} (1 + 0))$

Step 1.3.6

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}} - (\frac{1}{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}} \cdot 1)$

Step 1.3.7

Multiply $\frac{1}{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}} - \frac{1}{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 1.4

Simplify.

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Step 1.4.1

Combine terms.

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Step 1.4.1.1

To write $\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}}{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}} \cdot \frac{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}}{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}} - \frac{1}{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}}$

Step 1.4.1.2

To write $- \frac{1}{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{1 + x^{2}}{1 + x^{2}}$ .

$\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}} \cdot \frac{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}}{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}} - \frac{1}{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1 + x^{2}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 1.4.1.3

Write each expression with a common denominator of $(1 + x^{2}) (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 1.4.1.3.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{1 + x^{2}}$ by $\frac{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}}{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}}{(1 + x^{2}) (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})} - \frac{1}{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1 + x^{2}}{1 + x^{2}}$

Step 1.4.1.3.2

Multiply $\frac{1}{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}}$ by $\frac{1 + x^{2}}{1 + x^{2}}$ .

$\frac{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}}{(1 + x^{2}) (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})} - \frac{1 + x^{2}}{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2})}$

Step 1.4.1.3.3

Reorder the factors of $(1 + x^{2}) (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})$ .

$\frac{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}}{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2})} - \frac{1 + x^{2}}{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2})}$

Step 1.4.1.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1 + {(x - 5)}^{2} - (1 + x^{2})}{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2})}$

Step 1.4.2

Reorder terms.

$\frac{{(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})}{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2})}$

Step 2

Find the second derivative of the function.

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Step 2.1

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = {(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})$ and $g (x) = (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2})$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of ${(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [{(x - 5)}^{2}] + \frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [- (1 + x^{2})]$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (\frac{d}{d x} ({(x - 5)}^{2}) + \frac{d}{d x} (1) + \frac{d}{d x} (- (1 + x^{2}))) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{2}$ and $g (x) = x - 5$ .

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Step 2.3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $x - 5$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (\frac{d}{d u (1)} ({u_{1}}^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x - 5) + \frac{d}{d x} (1) + \frac{d}{d x} (- (1 + x^{2}))) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{1}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 u_{1} \frac{d}{d x} (x - 5) + \frac{d}{d x} (1) + \frac{d}{d x} (- (1 + x^{2}))) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $x - 5$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) \frac{d}{d x} (x - 5) + \frac{d}{d x} (1) + \frac{d}{d x} (- (1 + x^{2}))) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.4

Differentiate.

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Step 2.4.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x - 5$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 5]$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) (\frac{d}{d x} (x) + \frac{d}{d x} (- 5)) + \frac{d}{d x} (1) + \frac{d}{d x} (- (1 + x^{2}))) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.4.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) (1 + \frac{d}{d x} (- 5)) + \frac{d}{d x} (1) + \frac{d}{d x} (- (1 + x^{2}))) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.4.3

Since $- 5$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 5$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) (1 + 0) + \frac{d}{d x} (1) + \frac{d}{d x} (- (1 + x^{2}))) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.4.4

Simplify the expression.

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Step 2.4.4.1

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} (1) + \frac{d}{d x} (- (1 + x^{2}))) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.4.4.2

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) + \frac{d}{d x} (1) + \frac{d}{d x} (- (1 + x^{2}))) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.4.5

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) + 0 + \frac{d}{d x} (- (1 + x^{2}))) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.4.6

Add $2 (x - 5)$ and $0$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) + \frac{d}{d x} (- (1 + x^{2}))) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.4.7

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- (1 + x^{2})$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [1 + x^{2}]$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - \frac{d}{d x} (1 + x^{2})) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.4.8

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $1 + x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - (\frac{d}{d x} (1) + \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2}))) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.4.9

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - (0 + \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2}))) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.4.10

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - \frac{d}{d x} x^{2}) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.4.11

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - (2 x)) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.4.12

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) \frac{d}{d x} ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.5

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = 1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}$ and $g (x) = 1 + x^{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (1 + x^{2}) + (1 + x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.6

Differentiate.

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Step 2.6.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $1 + x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (\frac{d}{d x} (1) + \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})) + (1 + x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.6.2

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (0 + \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2})) + (1 + x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.6.3

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x^{2}) + (1 + x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.6.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (2 x) + (1 + x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.6.5

Move $2$ to the left of $1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) (2 \cdot ((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x) + (1 + x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.6.6

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [{(x - 5)}^{2}]$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) (2 (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + (1 + x^{2}) (\frac{d}{d x} (1) + \frac{d}{d x} ({(x - 5)}^{2})))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.6.7

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) (2 (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + (1 + x^{2}) (0 + \frac{d}{d x} ({(x - 5)}^{2})))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.6.8

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [{(x - 5)}^{2}]$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) (2 (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + (1 + x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} ({(x - 5)}^{2}))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.7

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{2}$ and $g (x) = x - 5$ .

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Step 2.7.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $x - 5$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) (2 (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + (1 + x^{2}) (\frac{d}{d u (2)} ({u_{2}}^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} (x - 5)))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.7.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{2}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) (2 (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + (1 + x^{2}) (2 u_{2} \frac{d}{d x} (x - 5)))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.7.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $x - 5$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) (2 (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) \frac{d}{d x} (x - 5)))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.8

Differentiate.

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Step 2.8.1

Move $2$ to the left of $1 + x^{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) (2 (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + 2 \cdot ((1 + x^{2}) (x - 5)) \frac{d}{d x} (x - 5))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.8.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x - 5$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 5]$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) (2 (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + 2 (1 + x^{2}) (x - 5) (\frac{d}{d x} (x) + \frac{d}{d x} (- 5)))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.8.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) (2 (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + 2 (1 + x^{2}) (x - 5) (1 + \frac{d}{d x} (- 5)))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.8.4

Since $- 5$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 5$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) (2 (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + 2 (1 + x^{2}) (x - 5) (1 + 0))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.8.5

Simplify the expression.

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Step 2.8.5.1

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) (2 (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + 2 (1 + x^{2}) (x - 5) \cdot 1)}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.8.5.2

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) (2 (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + 2 (1 + x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{((1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}))}^{2}}$

Step 2.9

Simplify.

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Step 2.9.1

Apply the product rule to $(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2})$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 (x - 5) - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) (2 (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + 2 (1 + x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.2

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})) (2 (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + 2 (1 + x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.3

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) - ({(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - 1 \cdot 1 - x^{2}) (2 (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + 2 (1 + x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.4

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 (1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + 2 (1 + x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.5

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) ((2 \cdot 1 + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2}) x + 2 (1 + x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.6

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + 2 (1 + x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.7

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 2.9.8.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.9.8.1.1

Rewrite ${(x - 5)}^{2}$ as $(x - 5) (x - 5)$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + (x - 5) (x - 5)) (1 + x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.1.2

Expand $(x - 5) (x - 5)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.9.8.1.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + x (x - 5) - 5 (x - 5)) (1 + x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.1.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + x \cdot x + x \cdot - 5 - 5 (x - 5)) (1 + x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.1.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + x \cdot x + x \cdot - 5 - 5 x - 5 \cdot - 5) (1 + x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.1.3

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.9.8.1.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.9.8.1.3.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + x^{2} + x \cdot - 5 - 5 x - 5 \cdot - 5) (1 + x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.1.3.1.2

Move $- 5$ to the left of $x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + x^{2} - 5 \cdot x - 5 x - 5 \cdot - 5) (1 + x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.1.3.1.3

Multiply $- 5$ by $- 5$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + x^{2} - 5 x - 5 x + 25) (1 + x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.1.3.2

Subtract $5 x$ from $- 5 x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(1 + x^{2} - 10 x + 25) (1 + x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.2

Add $1$ and $25$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(x^{2} - 10 x + 26) (1 + x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.3

Expand $(x^{2} - 10 x + 26) (1 + x^{2})$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$f'' (x) = \frac{(x^{2} \cdot 1 + x^{2} x^{2} - 10 x \cdot 1 - 10 x \cdot x^{2} + 26 \cdot 1 + 26 x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.4

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.9.8.4.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(x^{2} + x^{2} x^{2} - 10 x \cdot 1 - 10 x \cdot x^{2} + 26 \cdot 1 + 26 x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.4.2

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.9.8.4.2.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$f'' (x) = \frac{(x^{2} + x^{2 + 2} - 10 x \cdot 1 - 10 x \cdot x^{2} + 26 \cdot 1 + 26 x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.4.2.2

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(x^{2} + x^{4} - 10 x \cdot 1 - 10 x \cdot x^{2} + 26 \cdot 1 + 26 x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.4.3

Multiply $- 10$ by $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(x^{2} + x^{4} - 10 x - 10 x \cdot x^{2} + 26 \cdot 1 + 26 x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.4.4

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.9.8.4.4.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(x^{2} + x^{4} - 10 x - 10 (x^{2} x) + 26 \cdot 1 + 26 x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.4.4.2

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ .

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Step 2.9.8.4.4.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

Step 2.9.8.4.4.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$f'' (x) = \frac{(x^{2} + x^{4} - 10 x - 10 x^{2 + 1} + 26 \cdot 1 + 26 x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.4.4.3

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(x^{2} + x^{4} - 10 x - 10 x^{3} + 26 \cdot 1 + 26 x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.4.5

Multiply $26$ by $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(x^{2} + x^{4} - 10 x - 10 x^{3} + 26 + 26 x^{2}) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.5

Add $x^{2}$ and $26 x^{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(27 x^{2} + x^{4} - 10 x - 10 x^{3} + 26) (2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.6

Combine the opposite terms in $2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 - 2 x$ .

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Step 2.9.8.6.1

Subtract $2 x$ from $2 x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(27 x^{2} + x^{4} - 10 x - 10 x^{3} + 26) (2 \cdot - 5 + 0) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.6.2

Add $2 \cdot - 5$ and $0$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(27 x^{2} + x^{4} - 10 x - 10 x^{3} + 26) (2 \cdot - 5) + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.7

Multiply $2$ by $- 5$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{(27 x^{2} + x^{4} - 10 x - 10 x^{3} + 26) \cdot - 10 + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.8

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{27 x^{2} \cdot - 10 + x^{4} \cdot - 10 - 10 x \cdot - 10 - 10 x^{3} \cdot - 10 + 26 \cdot - 10 + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.9

Simplify.

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Step 2.9.8.9.1

Multiply $- 10$ by $27$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} + x^{4} \cdot - 10 - 10 x \cdot - 10 - 10 x^{3} \cdot - 10 + 26 \cdot - 10 + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.9.2

Move $- 10$ to the left of $x^{4}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 \cdot x^{4} - 10 x \cdot - 10 - 10 x^{3} \cdot - 10 + 26 \cdot - 10 + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.9.3

Multiply $- 10$ by $- 10$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 \cdot x^{4} + 100 x - 10 x^{3} \cdot - 10 + 26 \cdot - 10 + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.9.4

Multiply $- 10$ by $- 10$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 \cdot x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} + 26 \cdot - 10 + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.9.5

Multiply $26$ by $- 10$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 \cdot x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- {(x - 5)}^{2} - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.10

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.9.8.10.1

Rewrite ${(x - 5)}^{2}$ as $(x - 5) (x - 5)$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- ((x - 5) (x - 5)) - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.10.2

Expand $(x - 5) (x - 5)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.9.8.10.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- (x (x - 5) - 5 (x - 5)) - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.10.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- (x \cdot x + x \cdot - 5 - 5 (x - 5)) - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.10.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- (x \cdot x + x \cdot - 5 - 5 x - 5 \cdot - 5) - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.10.3

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.9.8.10.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.9.8.10.3.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- (x^{2} + x \cdot - 5 - 5 x - 5 \cdot - 5) - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.10.3.1.2

Move $- 5$ to the left of $x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- (x^{2} - 5 \cdot x - 5 x - 5 \cdot - 5) - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.10.3.1.3

Multiply $- 5$ by $- 5$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- (x^{2} - 5 x - 5 x + 25) - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.10.3.2

Subtract $5 x$ from $- 5 x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- (x^{2} - 10 x + 25) - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.10.4

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- x^{2} - (- 10 x) - 1 \cdot 25 - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.10.5

Simplify.

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Step 2.9.8.10.5.1

Multiply $- 10$ by $- 1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- x^{2} + 10 x - 1 \cdot 25 - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.10.5.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $25$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- x^{2} + 10 x - 25 - 1 \cdot 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.10.6

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- x^{2} + 10 x - 25 - 1 - (- 1 \cdot 1) + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.10.7

Multiply $- (- 1 \cdot 1)$ .

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Step 2.9.8.10.7.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- x^{2} + 10 x - 25 - 1 + 1 + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.10.7.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

Step 2.9.8.10.8

Multiply $- - x^{2}$ .

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Step 2.9.8.10.8.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- x^{2} + 10 x - 25 - 1 + 1 + 1 x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.10.8.2

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $1$ .

Step 2.9.8.11

Combine the opposite terms in $- x^{2} + 10 x - 25 - 1 + 1 + x^{2}$ .

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Step 2.9.8.11.1

Add $- 1$ and $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- x^{2} + 10 x - 25 + 0 + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.11.2

Add $- x^{2} + 10 x - 25$ and $0$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (- x^{2} + 10 x - 25 + x^{2}) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.11.3

Add $- x^{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25 + 0) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.11.4

Add $10 x - 25$ and $0$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 \cdot (1 x) + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.9.8.12.1

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 {(x - 5)}^{2} x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.2

Rewrite ${(x - 5)}^{2}$ as $(x - 5) (x - 5)$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 ((x - 5) (x - 5)) x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.3

Expand $(x - 5) (x - 5)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.9.8.12.3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 (x (x - 5) - 5 (x - 5)) x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.3.2

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 (x \cdot x + x \cdot - 5 - 5 (x - 5)) x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.3.3

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 (x \cdot x + x \cdot - 5 - 5 x - 5 \cdot - 5) x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.4

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.9.8.12.4.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.9.8.12.4.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 (x^{2} + x \cdot - 5 - 5 x - 5 \cdot - 5) x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.4.1.2

Move $- 5$ to the left of $x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 (x^{2} - 5 \cdot x - 5 x - 5 \cdot - 5) x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.4.1.3

Multiply $- 5$ by $- 5$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 (x^{2} - 5 x - 5 x + 25) x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.4.2

Subtract $5 x$ from $- 5 x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 (x^{2} - 10 x + 25) x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.5

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + (2 x^{2} + 2 (- 10 x) + 2 \cdot 25) x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.6

Simplify.

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Step 2.9.8.12.6.1

Multiply $- 10$ by $2$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + (2 x^{2} - 20 x + 2 \cdot 25) x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.6.2

Multiply $2$ by $25$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + (2 x^{2} - 20 x + 50) x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.7

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 x^{2} x - 20 x \cdot x + 50 x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.8

Simplify.

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Step 2.9.8.12.8.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.9.8.12.8.1.1

Move $x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 (x \cdot x^{2}) - 20 x \cdot x + 50 x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.8.1.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 2.9.8.12.8.1.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

Step 2.9.8.12.8.1.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 x^{1 + 2} - 20 x \cdot x + 50 x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.8.1.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 x^{3} - 20 x \cdot x + 50 x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.8.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.9.8.12.8.2.1

Move $x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 x^{3} - 20 (x \cdot x) + 50 x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.8.2.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 x^{3} - 20 x^{2} + 50 x + (2 \cdot 1 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.9

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 x^{3} - 20 x^{2} + 50 x + (2 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.10

Expand $(2 + 2 x^{2}) (x - 5)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.9.8.12.10.1

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 x^{3} - 20 x^{2} + 50 x + 2 (x - 5) + 2 x^{2} (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.10.2

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 x^{3} - 20 x^{2} + 50 x + 2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 + 2 x^{2} (x - 5))}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.10.3

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 x^{3} - 20 x^{2} + 50 x + 2 x + 2 \cdot - 5 + 2 x^{2} x + 2 x^{2} \cdot - 5)}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.11

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.9.8.12.11.1

Multiply $2$ by $- 5$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 x^{3} - 20 x^{2} + 50 x + 2 x - 10 + 2 x^{2} x + 2 x^{2} \cdot - 5)}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.11.2

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.9.8.12.11.2.1

Move $x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 x^{3} - 20 x^{2} + 50 x + 2 x - 10 + 2 (x \cdot x^{2}) + 2 x^{2} \cdot - 5)}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.11.2.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 2.9.8.12.11.2.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

Step 2.9.8.12.11.2.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 x^{3} - 20 x^{2} + 50 x + 2 x - 10 + 2 x^{1 + 2} + 2 x^{2} \cdot - 5)}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.11.2.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 x^{3} - 20 x^{2} + 50 x + 2 x - 10 + 2 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} \cdot - 5)}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.12.11.3

Multiply $- 5$ by $2$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x + 2 x^{3} - 20 x^{2} + 50 x + 2 x - 10 + 2 x^{3} - 10 x^{2})}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.13

Add $2 x$ and $50 x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (2 x^{3} - 20 x^{2} + 52 x + 2 x - 10 + 2 x^{3} - 10 x^{2})}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.14

Add $2 x^{3}$ and $2 x^{3}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (4 x^{3} - 20 x^{2} + 52 x + 2 x - 10 - 10 x^{2})}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.15

Subtract $10 x^{2}$ from $- 20 x^{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (4 x^{3} - 30 x^{2} + 52 x + 2 x - 10)}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.16

Add $52 x$ and $2 x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + (10 x - 25) (4 x^{3} - 30 x^{2} + 54 x - 10)}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.17

Expand $(10 x - 25) (4 x^{3} - 30 x^{2} + 54 x - 10)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 10 x (4 x^{3}) + 10 x (- 30 x^{2}) + 10 x (54 x) + 10 x \cdot - 10 - 25 (4 x^{3}) - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.9.8.18.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 10 \cdot (4 x \cdot x^{3}) + 10 x (- 30 x^{2}) + 10 x (54 x) + 10 x \cdot - 10 - 25 (4 x^{3}) - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{3}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.9.8.18.2.1

Move $x^{3}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 10 \cdot (4 (x^{3} x)) + 10 x (- 30 x^{2}) + 10 x (54 x) + 10 x \cdot - 10 - 25 (4 x^{3}) - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.2.2

Multiply $x^{3}$ by $x$ .

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Step 2.9.8.18.2.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

Step 2.9.8.18.2.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 10 \cdot (4 x^{3 + 1}) + 10 x (- 30 x^{2}) + 10 x (54 x) + 10 x \cdot - 10 - 25 (4 x^{3}) - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.2.3

Add $3$ and $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 10 \cdot (4 x^{4}) + 10 x (- 30 x^{2}) + 10 x (54 x) + 10 x \cdot - 10 - 25 (4 x^{3}) - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.3

Multiply $10$ by $4$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} + 10 x (- 30 x^{2}) + 10 x (54 x) + 10 x \cdot - 10 - 25 (4 x^{3}) - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.4

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} + 10 \cdot (- 30 x \cdot x^{2}) + 10 x (54 x) + 10 x \cdot - 10 - 25 (4 x^{3}) - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.5

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.9.8.18.5.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} + 10 \cdot (- 30 (x^{2} x)) + 10 x (54 x) + 10 x \cdot - 10 - 25 (4 x^{3}) - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.5.2

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ .

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Step 2.9.8.18.5.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

Step 2.9.8.18.5.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} + 10 \cdot (- 30 x^{2 + 1}) + 10 x (54 x) + 10 x \cdot - 10 - 25 (4 x^{3}) - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.5.3

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} + 10 \cdot (- 30 x^{3}) + 10 x (54 x) + 10 x \cdot - 10 - 25 (4 x^{3}) - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.6

Multiply $10$ by $- 30$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} - 300 x^{3} + 10 x (54 x) + 10 x \cdot - 10 - 25 (4 x^{3}) - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.7

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} - 300 x^{3} + 10 \cdot (54 x \cdot x) + 10 x \cdot - 10 - 25 (4 x^{3}) - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.8

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.9.8.18.8.1

Move $x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} - 300 x^{3} + 10 \cdot (54 (x \cdot x)) + 10 x \cdot - 10 - 25 (4 x^{3}) - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.8.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} - 300 x^{3} + 10 \cdot (54 x^{2}) + 10 x \cdot - 10 - 25 (4 x^{3}) - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.9

Multiply $10$ by $54$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} - 300 x^{3} + 540 x^{2} + 10 x \cdot - 10 - 25 (4 x^{3}) - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.10

Multiply $- 10$ by $10$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} - 300 x^{3} + 540 x^{2} - 100 x - 25 (4 x^{3}) - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.11

Multiply $4$ by $- 25$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} - 300 x^{3} + 540 x^{2} - 100 x - 100 x^{3} - 25 (- 30 x^{2}) - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.12

Multiply $- 30$ by $- 25$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} - 300 x^{3} + 540 x^{2} - 100 x - 100 x^{3} + 750 x^{2} - 25 (54 x) - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.13

Multiply $54$ by $- 25$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} - 300 x^{3} + 540 x^{2} - 100 x - 100 x^{3} + 750 x^{2} - 1350 x - 25 \cdot - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.18.14

Multiply $- 25$ by $- 10$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} - 300 x^{3} + 540 x^{2} - 100 x - 100 x^{3} + 750 x^{2} - 1350 x + 250}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.19

Subtract $100 x^{3}$ from $- 300 x^{3}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} - 400 x^{3} + 540 x^{2} - 100 x + 750 x^{2} - 1350 x + 250}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.20

Add $540 x^{2}$ and $750 x^{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} - 400 x^{3} + 1290 x^{2} - 100 x - 1350 x + 250}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.21

Subtract $1350 x$ from $- 100 x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 270 x^{2} - 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} - 400 x^{3} + 1290 x^{2} - 1450 x + 250}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.22

Add $- 270 x^{2}$ and $1290 x^{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{- 10 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 + 40 x^{4} - 400 x^{3} + 1020 x^{2} - 1450 x + 250}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.23

Add $- 10 x^{4}$ and $40 x^{4}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{30 x^{4} + 100 x + 100 x^{3} - 260 - 400 x^{3} + 1020 x^{2} - 1450 x + 250}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.24

Subtract $1450 x$ from $100 x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{30 x^{4} + 100 x^{3} - 260 - 400 x^{3} + 1020 x^{2} - 1350 x + 250}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.25

Subtract $400 x^{3}$ from $100 x^{3}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{30 x^{4} - 300 x^{3} - 260 + 1020 x^{2} - 1350 x + 250}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.26

Add $- 260$ and $250$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{30 x^{4} - 300 x^{3} + 1020 x^{2} - 1350 x - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.27

Factor $10$ out of $30 x^{4} - 300 x^{3} + 1020 x^{2} - 1350 x - 10$ .

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Step 2.9.8.27.1

Factor $10$ out of $30 x^{4}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4}) - 300 x^{3} + 1020 x^{2} - 1350 x - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.27.2

Factor $10$ out of $- 300 x^{3}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4}) + 10 (- 30 x^{3}) + 1020 x^{2} - 1350 x - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.27.3

Factor $10$ out of $1020 x^{2}$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4}) + 10 (- 30 x^{3}) + 10 (102 x^{2}) - 1350 x - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.27.4

Factor $10$ out of $- 1350 x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4}) + 10 (- 30 x^{3}) + 10 (102 x^{2}) + 10 (- 135 x) - 10}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.27.5

Factor $10$ out of $- 10$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4}) + 10 (- 30 x^{3}) + 10 (102 x^{2}) + 10 (- 135 x) + 10 (- 1)}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.27.6

Factor $10$ out of $10 (3 x^{4}) + 10 (- 30 x^{3})$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4} - 30 x^{3}) + 10 (102 x^{2}) + 10 (- 135 x) + 10 (- 1)}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.27.7

Factor $10$ out of $10 (3 x^{4} - 30 x^{3}) + 10 (102 x^{2})$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4} - 30 x^{3} + 102 x^{2}) + 10 (- 135 x) + 10 (- 1)}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.27.8

Factor $10$ out of $10 (3 x^{4} - 30 x^{3} + 102 x^{2}) + 10 (- 135 x)$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4} - 30 x^{3} + 102 x^{2} - 135 x) + 10 (- 1)}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.8.27.9

Factor $10$ out of $10 (3 x^{4} - 30 x^{3} + 102 x^{2} - 135 x) + 10 (- 1)$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4} - 30 x^{3} + 102 x^{2} - 135 x - 1)}{{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2})}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.9

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 2.9.9.1

Rewrite ${(x - 5)}^{2}$ as $(x - 5) (x - 5)$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4} - 30 x^{3} + 102 x^{2} - 135 x - 1)}{{(1 + (x - 5) (x - 5))}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.9.2

Expand $(x - 5) (x - 5)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.9.9.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4} - 30 x^{3} + 102 x^{2} - 135 x - 1)}{{(1 + x (x - 5) - 5 (x - 5))}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.9.2.2

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4} - 30 x^{3} + 102 x^{2} - 135 x - 1)}{{(1 + x \cdot x + x \cdot - 5 - 5 (x - 5))}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.9.2.3

Apply the distributive property.

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4} - 30 x^{3} + 102 x^{2} - 135 x - 1)}{{(1 + x \cdot x + x \cdot - 5 - 5 x - 5 \cdot - 5)}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.9.3

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.9.9.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.9.9.3.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4} - 30 x^{3} + 102 x^{2} - 135 x - 1)}{{(1 + x^{2} + x \cdot - 5 - 5 x - 5 \cdot - 5)}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.9.3.1.2

Move $- 5$ to the left of $x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4} - 30 x^{3} + 102 x^{2} - 135 x - 1)}{{(1 + x^{2} - 5 \cdot x - 5 x - 5 \cdot - 5)}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.9.3.1.3

Multiply $- 5$ by $- 5$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4} - 30 x^{3} + 102 x^{2} - 135 x - 1)}{{(1 + x^{2} - 5 x - 5 x + 25)}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.9.3.2

Subtract $5 x$ from $- 5 x$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4} - 30 x^{3} + 102 x^{2} - 135 x - 1)}{{(1 + x^{2} - 10 x + 25)}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 2.9.9.4

Add $1$ and $25$ .

$f'' (x) = \frac{10 (3 x^{4} - 30 x^{3} + 102 x^{2} - 135 x - 1)}{{(x^{2} - 10 x + 26)}^{2} {(1 + x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3

To find the local maximum and minimum values of the function, set the derivative equal to $0$ and solve.

$\frac{{(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})}{(1 + {(x - 5)}^{2}) (1 + x^{2})} = 0$

Step 4

Set the numerator equal to zero.

${(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2}) = 0$

Step 5

Solve the equation for $x$ .

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Step 5.1

Simplify ${(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - (1 + x^{2})$ .

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Step 5.1.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 5.1.1.1

Apply the distributive property.

${(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - 1 \cdot 1 - x^{2} = 0$

Step 5.1.1.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

${(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - 1 - x^{2} = 0$

Step 5.1.2

Combine the opposite terms in ${(x - 5)}^{2} + 1 - 1 - x^{2}$ .

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Step 5.1.2.1

Subtract $1$ from $1$ .

${(x - 5)}^{2} + 0 - x^{2} = 0$

Step 5.1.2.2

Add ${(x - 5)}^{2}$ and $0$ .

${(x - 5)}^{2} - x^{2} = 0$

Step 5.2

Factor the left side of the equation.

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Step 5.2.1

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = x - 5$ and $b = x$ .

$(x - 5 + x) (x - 5 - x) = 0$

Step 5.2.2

Simplify.

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Step 5.2.2.1

Add $x$ and $x$ .

$(2 x - 5) (x - 5 - x) = 0$

Step 5.2.2.2

Subtract $x$ from $x$ .

$(2 x - 5) (0 - 5) = 0$

Step 5.2.2.3

Subtract $5$ from $0$ .

$(2 x - 5) \cdot - 5 = 0$

Step 5.3

Divide each term in $(2 x - 5) \cdot - 5 = 0$ by $- 5$ and simplify.

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Step 5.3.1

Divide each term in $(2 x - 5) \cdot - 5 = 0$ by $- 5$ .

$\frac{(2 x - 5) \cdot - 5}{- 5} = \frac{0}{- 5}$

Step 5.3.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 5.3.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $- 5$ .

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Step 5.3.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{(2 x - 5) \cdot - 5}{- 5} = \frac{0}{- 5}$

Step 5.3.2.1.2

Divide $2 x - 5$ by $1$ .

$2 x - 5 = \frac{0}{- 5}$

Step 5.3.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 5.3.3.1

Divide $0$ by $- 5$ .

$2 x - 5 = 0$

Step 5.4

Add $5$ to both sides of the equation.

$2 x = 5$

Step 5.5

Divide each term in $2 x = 5$ by $2$ and simplify.

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Step 5.5.1

Divide each term in $2 x = 5$ by $2$ .

$\frac{2 x}{2} = \frac{5}{2}$

Step 5.5.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 5.5.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 5.5.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 x}{2} = \frac{5}{2}$

Step 5.5.2.1.2

Divide $x$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{5}{2}$

Step 6

Evaluate the second derivative at $x = \frac{5}{2}$ . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.

$\frac{10 (3 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{4} - 30 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{3} + 102 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7

Evaluate the second derivative.

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Step 7.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.1.1

Apply the product rule to $\frac{5}{2}$ .

$\frac{10 (3 \frac{5^{4}}{2^{4}} - 30 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{3} + 102 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.2

Raise $5$ to the power of $4$ .

$\frac{10 (3 \frac{625}{2^{4}} - 30 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{3} + 102 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.3

Raise $2$ to the power of $4$ .

$\frac{10 (3 (\frac{625}{16}) - 30 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{3} + 102 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.4

Multiply $3 (\frac{625}{16})$ .

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Step 7.1.4.1

Combine $3$ and $\frac{625}{16}$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{3 \cdot 625}{16} - 30 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{3} + 102 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.4.2

Multiply $3$ by $625$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - 30 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{3} + 102 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.5

Apply the product rule to $\frac{5}{2}$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - 30 \frac{5^{3}}{2^{3}} + 102 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.6

Raise $5$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - 30 \frac{125}{2^{3}} + 102 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.7

Raise $2$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - 30 (\frac{125}{8}) + 102 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.8

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 7.1.8.1

Factor $2$ out of $- 30$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} + 2 (- 15) \frac{125}{8} + 102 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.8.2

Factor $2$ out of $8$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} + 2 \cdot - 15 \frac{125}{2 \cdot 4} + 102 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.8.3

Cancel the common factor.

Step 7.1.8.4

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - 15 (\frac{125}{4}) + 102 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.9

Combine $- 15$ and $\frac{125}{4}$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} + \frac{- 15 \cdot 125}{4} + 102 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.10

Multiply $- 15$ by $125$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} + \frac{- 1875}{4} + 102 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.11

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - \frac{1875}{4} + 102 {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.12

Apply the product rule to $\frac{5}{2}$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - \frac{1875}{4} + 102 \frac{5^{2}}{2^{2}} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.13

Raise $5$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - \frac{1875}{4} + 102 \frac{25}{2^{2}} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.14

Raise $2$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - \frac{1875}{4} + 102 (\frac{25}{4}) - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.15

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 7.1.15.1

Factor $2$ out of $102$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - \frac{1875}{4} + 2 (51) \frac{25}{4} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.15.2

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - \frac{1875}{4} + 2 \cdot 51 \frac{25}{2 \cdot 2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.15.3

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - \frac{1875}{4} + 2 \cdot 51 \frac{25}{2 \cdot 2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.15.4

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - \frac{1875}{4} + 51 (\frac{25}{2}) - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.16

Combine $51$ and $\frac{25}{2}$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - \frac{1875}{4} + \frac{51 \cdot 25}{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.17

Multiply $51$ by $25$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - \frac{1875}{4} + \frac{1275}{2} - 135 (\frac{5}{2}) - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.18

Multiply $- 135 (\frac{5}{2})$ .

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Step 7.1.18.1

Combine $- 135$ and $\frac{5}{2}$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - \frac{1875}{4} + \frac{1275}{2} + \frac{- 135 \cdot 5}{2} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.18.2

Multiply $- 135$ by $5$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - \frac{1875}{4} + \frac{1275}{2} + \frac{- 675}{2} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.19

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - \frac{1875}{4} + \frac{1275}{2} - \frac{675}{2} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.20

To write $- \frac{1875}{4}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{4}{4}$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - \frac{1875}{4} \cdot \frac{4}{4} + \frac{1275}{2} - \frac{675}{2} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.21

Write each expression with a common denominator of $16$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 7.1.21.1

Multiply $\frac{1875}{4}$ by $\frac{4}{4}$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - \frac{1875 \cdot 4}{4 \cdot 4} + \frac{1275}{2} - \frac{675}{2} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.21.2

Multiply $4$ by $4$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875}{16} - \frac{1875 \cdot 4}{16} + \frac{1275}{2} - \frac{675}{2} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.22

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875 - 1875 \cdot 4}{16} + \frac{1275}{2} - \frac{675}{2} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.23

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.1.23.1

Multiply $- 1875$ by $4$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{1875 - 7500}{16} + \frac{1275}{2} - \frac{675}{2} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.23.2

Subtract $7500$ from $1875$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{- 5625}{16} + \frac{1275}{2} - \frac{675}{2} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.24

To write $\frac{1275}{2}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{8}{8}$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{- 5625}{16} + \frac{1275}{2} \cdot \frac{8}{8} - \frac{675}{2} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.25

Write each expression with a common denominator of $16$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 7.1.25.1

Multiply $\frac{1275}{2}$ by $\frac{8}{8}$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{- 5625}{16} + \frac{1275 \cdot 8}{2 \cdot 8} - \frac{675}{2} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.25.2

Multiply $2$ by $8$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{- 5625}{16} + \frac{1275 \cdot 8}{16} - \frac{675}{2} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.26

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{10 (\frac{- 5625 + 1275 \cdot 8}{16} - \frac{675}{2} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.27

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.1.27.1

Multiply $1275$ by $8$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{- 5625 + 10200}{16} - \frac{675}{2} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.27.2

Add $- 5625$ and $10200$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{4575}{16} - \frac{675}{2} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.28

To write $- \frac{675}{2}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{8}{8}$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{4575}{16} - \frac{675}{2} \cdot \frac{8}{8} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.29

Write each expression with a common denominator of $16$ , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of $1$ .

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Step 7.1.29.1

Multiply $\frac{675}{2}$ by $\frac{8}{8}$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{4575}{16} - \frac{675 \cdot 8}{2 \cdot 8} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.29.2

Multiply $2$ by $8$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{4575}{16} - \frac{675 \cdot 8}{16} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.30

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{10 (\frac{4575 - 675 \cdot 8}{16} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.31

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.1.31.1

Multiply $- 675$ by $8$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{4575 - 5400}{16} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.31.2

Subtract $5400$ from $4575$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{- 825}{16} - 1)}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.32

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{16}{16}$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{- 825}{16} - 1 \cdot \frac{16}{16})}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.33

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{16}{16}$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{- 825}{16} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 16}{16})}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.34

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{10 \frac{- 825 - 1 \cdot 16}{16}}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.35

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.1.35.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $16$ .

$\frac{10 \frac{- 825 - 16}{16}}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.35.2

Subtract $16$ from $- 825$ .

$\frac{10 (\frac{- 841}{16})}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.36

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{10 \cdot - 1 \frac{841}{16}}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.37

Combine exponents.

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Step 7.1.37.1

Factor out negative.

$\frac{- (10 (\frac{841}{16}))}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.37.2

Combine $10$ and $\frac{841}{16}$ .

$\frac{- \frac{10 \cdot 841}{16}}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.37.3

Multiply $10$ by $841$ .

$\frac{- \frac{8410}{16}}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.38

Cancel the common factor of $8410$ and $16$ .

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Step 7.1.38.1

Factor $2$ out of $8410$ .

$\frac{- \frac{2 (4205)}{16}}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.38.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 7.1.38.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $16$ .

$\frac{- \frac{2 \cdot 4205}{2 \cdot 8}}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.38.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- \frac{2 \cdot 4205}{2 \cdot 8}}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.1.38.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{({(\frac{5}{2})}^{2} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 7.2.1

Apply the product rule to $\frac{5}{2}$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{5^{2}}{2^{2}} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.2

Raise $5$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{25}{2^{2}} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.3

Raise $2$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{25}{4} - 10 (\frac{5}{2}) + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 7.2.4.1

Factor $2$ out of $- 10$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{25}{4} + 2 (- 5) \frac{5}{2} + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.4.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{25}{4} + 2 \cdot - 5 \frac{5}{2} + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.4.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{25}{4} - 5 \cdot 5 + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.5

Multiply $- 5$ by $5$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{25}{4} - 25 + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.6

To write $- 25$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{4}{4}$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{25}{4} - 25 \cdot \frac{4}{4} + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.7

Combine $- 25$ and $\frac{4}{4}$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{25}{4} + \frac{- 25 \cdot 4}{4} + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.8

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{25 - 25 \cdot 4}{4} + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.9

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.2.9.1

Multiply $- 25$ by $4$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{25 - 100}{4} + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.9.2

Subtract $100$ from $25$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{- 75}{4} + 26)}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.10

To write $26$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{4}{4}$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{- 75}{4} + 26 \cdot \frac{4}{4})}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.11

Combine $26$ and $\frac{4}{4}$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{- 75}{4} + \frac{26 \cdot 4}{4})}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.12

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{- 75 + 26 \cdot 4}{4})}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.13

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.2.13.1

Multiply $26$ by $4$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{- 75 + 104}{4})}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.13.2

Add $- 75$ and $104$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{{(\frac{29}{4})}^{2} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.14

Apply the product rule to $\frac{29}{4}$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{\frac{29^{2}}{4^{2}} {(1 + {(\frac{5}{2})}^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.15

Apply the product rule to $\frac{5}{2}$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{\frac{29^{2}}{4^{2}} {(1 + \frac{5^{2}}{2^{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.16

Raise $5$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{\frac{29^{2}}{4^{2}} {(1 + \frac{25}{2^{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.17

Raise $2$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{\frac{29^{2}}{4^{2}} {(1 + \frac{25}{4})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.18

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{\frac{29^{2}}{4^{2}} {(\frac{4}{4} + \frac{25}{4})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.19

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{\frac{29^{2}}{4^{2}} {(\frac{4 + 25}{4})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.20

Add $4$ and $25$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{\frac{29^{2}}{4^{2}} {(\frac{29}{4})}^{2}}$

Step 7.2.21

Apply the product rule to $\frac{29}{4}$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{\frac{29^{2}}{4^{2}} \cdot \frac{29^{2}}{4^{2}}}$

Step 7.2.22

Raise $29$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{\frac{841}{4^{2}} \cdot \frac{29^{2}}{4^{2}}}$

Step 7.2.23

Raise $4$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{\frac{841}{16} \cdot \frac{29^{2}}{4^{2}}}$

Step 7.2.24

Raise $29$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{\frac{841}{16} \cdot \frac{841}{4^{2}}}$

Step 7.2.25

Raise $4$ to the power of $2$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{\frac{841}{16} \cdot \frac{841}{16}}$

Step 7.3

Combine fractions.

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Step 7.3.1

Multiply $\frac{841}{16}$ by $\frac{841}{16}$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{\frac{841 \cdot 841}{16 \cdot 16}}$

Step 7.3.2

Multiply.

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Step 7.3.2.1

Multiply $841$ by $841$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{\frac{707281}{16 \cdot 16}}$

Step 7.3.2.2

Multiply $16$ by $16$ .

$\frac{- \frac{4205}{8}}{\frac{707281}{256}}$

Step 7.4

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$- \frac{4205}{8} \cdot \frac{256}{707281}$

Step 7.5

Cancel the common factor of $841$ .

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Step 7.5.1

Move the leading negative in $- \frac{4205}{8}$ into the numerator.

$\frac{- 4205}{8} \cdot \frac{256}{707281}$

Step 7.5.2

Factor $841$ out of $- 4205$ .

$\frac{841 (- 5)}{8} \cdot \frac{256}{707281}$

Step 7.5.3

Factor $841$ out of $707281$ .

$\frac{841 \cdot - 5}{8} \cdot \frac{256}{841 \cdot 841}$

Step 7.5.4

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{841 \cdot - 5}{8} \cdot \frac{256}{841 \cdot 841}$

Step 7.5.5

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- 5}{8} \cdot \frac{256}{841}$

Step 7.6

Cancel the common factor of $8$ .

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Step 7.6.1

Factor $8$ out of $256$ .

$\frac{- 5}{8} \cdot \frac{8 (32)}{841}$

Step 7.6.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- 5}{8} \cdot \frac{8 \cdot 32}{841}$

Step 7.6.3

Rewrite the expression.

$- 5 (\frac{32}{841})$

Step 7.7

Combine $- 5$ and $\frac{32}{841}$ .

$\frac{- 5 \cdot 32}{841}$

Step 7.8

Simplify the expression.

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Step 7.8.1

Multiply $- 5$ by $32$ .

$\frac{- 160}{841}$

Step 7.8.2

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{160}{841}$

Step 8

$x = \frac{5}{2}$ is a local maximum because the value of the second derivative is negative. This is referred to as the second derivative test.

$x = \frac{5}{2}$ is a local maximum

Step 9

Find the y-value when $x = \frac{5}{2}$ .

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Step 9.1

Replace the variable $x$ with $\frac{5}{2}$ in the expression.

$f (\frac{5}{2}) = \arctan (\frac{5}{2}) - \arctan ((\frac{5}{2}) - 5)$

Step 9.2

Simplify the result.

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Step 9.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 9.2.1.1

Evaluate $\arctan (\frac{5}{2})$ .

$f (\frac{5}{2}) = 1.19028994 - \arctan ((\frac{5}{2}) - 5)$

Step 9.2.1.2

To write $- 5$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (\frac{5}{2}) = 1.19028994 - \arctan (\frac{5}{2} - 5 \cdot \frac{2}{2})$

Step 9.2.1.3

Combine $- 5$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (\frac{5}{2}) = 1.19028994 - \arctan (\frac{5}{2} + \frac{- 5 \cdot 2}{2})$

Step 9.2.1.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$f (\frac{5}{2}) = 1.19028994 - \arctan (\frac{5 - 5 \cdot 2}{2})$

Step 9.2.1.5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 9.2.1.5.1

Multiply $- 5$ by $2$ .

$f (\frac{5}{2}) = 1.19028994 - \arctan (\frac{5 - 10}{2})$

Step 9.2.1.5.2

Subtract $10$ from $5$ .

$f (\frac{5}{2}) = 1.19028994 - \arctan (\frac{- 5}{2})$

Step 9.2.1.6

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$f (\frac{5}{2}) = 1.19028994 - \arctan (- \frac{5}{2})$

Step 9.2.1.7

Evaluate $\arctan (- \frac{5}{2})$ .

$f (\frac{5}{2}) = 1.19028994 + 1.19028994$

Step 9.2.1.8

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1.19028994$ .

$f (\frac{5}{2}) = 1.19028994 + 1.19028994$

Step 9.2.2

Add $1.19028994$ and $1.19028994$ .

$f (\frac{5}{2}) = 2.38057989$

Step 9.2.3

The final answer is $2.38057989$ .

$y = 2.38057989$

Step 10

These are the local extrema for $f (x) = \arctan (x) - \arctan (x - 5)$ .

$(\frac{5}{2}, 2.38057989)$ is a local maxima

Step 11