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Calculus Examples
Step 1
Step 1.1
Differentiate using the Sum Rule.
Step 1.1.1
Combine and .
Step 1.1.2
Combine and .
Step 1.1.3
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2
Evaluate .
Step 1.2.1
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 1.2.2
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.4
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.5
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.2.6
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.7
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.8
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.9
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.2.10
Multiply by .
Step 1.2.11
Subtract from .
Step 1.2.12
Move to the left of .
Step 1.2.13
Rewrite as .
Step 1.2.14
Multiply by .
Step 1.2.15
Add and .
Step 1.3
Evaluate .
Step 1.3.1
Move to the left of .
Step 1.3.2
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.3.3
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.3.4
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.3.5
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.3.6
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.3.7
Multiply by .
Step 1.3.8
Add and .
Step 1.3.9
Combine and .
Step 1.3.10
Multiply by .
Step 1.3.11
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 1.3.11.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.3.11.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 1.3.11.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.3.11.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.3.11.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 1.3.11.2.4
Divide by .
Step 1.4
Simplify.
Step 1.4.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.4.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.4.3
Combine terms.
Step 1.4.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.4.3.2
Combine and .
Step 1.4.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.4.3.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 1.4.3.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.4.3.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 1.4.3.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 1.4.3.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 1.4.3.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 1.4.3.4.2.4
Divide by .
Step 1.4.3.5
Combine and .
Step 1.4.3.6
Add and .
Step 1.4.3.7
Subtract from .
Step 1.4.3.8
Combine and .
Step 1.4.3.9
Multiply by .
Step 1.4.3.10
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 1.4.3.11
Add and .
Step 2
Step 2.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2
Evaluate .
Step 2.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.3
Differentiate using the Constant Rule.
Step 2.3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.3.2
Add and .
Step 3
To find the local maximum and minimum values of the function, set the derivative equal to and solve.
Step 4
Step 4.1
Find the first derivative.
Step 4.1.1
Differentiate using the Sum Rule.
Step 4.1.1.1
Combine and .
Step 4.1.1.2
Combine and .
Step 4.1.1.3
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2
Evaluate .
Step 4.1.2.1
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 4.1.2.2
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.4
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.5
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.2.6
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.7
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.8
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.9
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.2.10
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.11
Subtract from .
Step 4.1.2.12
Move to the left of .
Step 4.1.2.13
Rewrite as .
Step 4.1.2.14
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.15
Add and .
Step 4.1.3
Evaluate .
Step 4.1.3.1
Move to the left of .
Step 4.1.3.2
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.3.3
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.3.4
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.3.5
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.3.6
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.3.7
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3.8
Add and .
Step 4.1.3.9
Combine and .
Step 4.1.3.10
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3.11
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 4.1.3.11.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.3.11.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 4.1.3.11.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.3.11.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.1.3.11.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.1.3.11.2.4
Divide by .
Step 4.1.4
Simplify.
Step 4.1.4.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.4.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.4.3
Combine terms.
Step 4.1.4.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.4.3.2
Combine and .
Step 4.1.4.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.4.3.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 4.1.4.3.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.4.3.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 4.1.4.3.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.4.3.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 4.1.4.3.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 4.1.4.3.4.2.4
Divide by .
Step 4.1.4.3.5
Combine and .
Step 4.1.4.3.6
Add and .
Step 4.1.4.3.7
Subtract from .
Step 4.1.4.3.8
Combine and .
Step 4.1.4.3.9
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.4.3.10
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 4.1.4.3.11
Add and .
Step 4.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5
Step 5.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 5.2
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 5.3
Multiply both sides of the equation by .
Step 5.4
Simplify both sides of the equation.
Step 5.4.1
Simplify the left side.
Step 5.4.1.1
Simplify .
Step 5.4.1.1.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 5.4.1.1.1.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 5.4.1.1.1.2
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 5.4.1.1.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 5.4.1.1.1.4
Cancel the common factor.
Step 5.4.1.1.1.5
Rewrite the expression.
Step 5.4.1.1.2
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 5.4.1.1.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 5.4.1.1.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 5.4.1.1.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 5.4.1.1.3
Multiply.
Step 5.4.1.1.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.4.1.1.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.4.2
Simplify the right side.
Step 5.4.2.1
Simplify .
Step 5.4.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 5.4.2.1.1.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 5.4.2.1.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 5.4.2.1.1.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 5.4.2.1.1.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 5.4.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 6
Step 6.1
The domain of the expression is all real numbers except where the expression is undefined. In this case, there is no real number that makes the expression undefined.
Step 7
Critical points to evaluate.
Step 8
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 9
is a local maximum because the value of the second derivative is negative. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local maximum
Step 10
Step 10.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 10.2
Simplify the result.
Step 10.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 10.2.1.1
Simplify each term.
Step 10.2.1.1.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 10.2.1.1.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 10.2.1.1.1.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 10.2.1.1.1.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 10.2.1.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 10.2.1.2
Add and .
Step 10.2.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 10.2.1.4
Subtract from .
Step 10.2.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 10.2.1.6
Simplify each term.
Step 10.2.1.6.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 10.2.1.6.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 10.2.1.6.1.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 10.2.1.6.1.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 10.2.1.6.2
Multiply by .
Step 10.2.1.7
Add and .
Step 10.2.1.8
Multiply by .
Step 10.2.2
Add and .
Step 10.2.3
The final answer is .
Step 11
These are the local extrema for .
is a local maxima
Step 12