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Calculus Examples
Step 1
Write as a function.
Step 2
Step 2.1
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 2.1.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 2.1.2
The derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.1.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 2.2
Differentiate.
Step 2.2.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.2.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.2.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.3
Simplify.
Step 2.3.1
Reorder the factors of .
Step 2.3.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.2.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.2.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.3
Simplify the denominator.
Step 2.3.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.3.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.3.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.3.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.3.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.3.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.3.3.4
Move to the left of .
Step 2.3.3.5
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.3.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.3.5.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.3.5.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.3.5
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.5.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.5.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.3.6
Reorder factors in .
Step 3
Step 3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.2
Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that is where and .
Step 3.3
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 3.4
Differentiate.
Step 3.4.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.4.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 3.4.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.4.4
Simplify the expression.
Step 3.4.4.1
Add and .
Step 3.4.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.5
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 3.6
Differentiate.
Step 3.6.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.6.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 3.6.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.6.4
Simplify the expression.
Step 3.6.4.1
Add and .
Step 3.6.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.6.5
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 3.6.6
Simplify by adding terms.
Step 3.6.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.6.6.2
Add and .
Step 3.7
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 3.7.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 3.7.2
The derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.7.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 3.8
Combine and .
Step 3.9
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.10
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.11
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.12
Add and .
Step 3.13
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 3.14
Differentiate.
Step 3.14.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.14.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 3.14.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.14.4
Simplify the expression.
Step 3.14.4.1
Add and .
Step 3.14.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.14.5
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 3.14.6
Simplify terms.
Step 3.14.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.14.6.2
Add and .
Step 3.14.6.3
Combine and .
Step 3.15
Simplify.
Step 3.15.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.5
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.6
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7
Simplify the numerator.
Step 3.15.7.1
Simplify each term.
Step 3.15.7.1.1
Simplify each term.
Step 3.15.7.1.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 3.15.7.1.2
Simplify each term.
Step 3.15.7.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.2.2
Move to the left of .
Step 3.15.7.1.2.3
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 3.15.7.1.2.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.1.2.3.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.1.2.3.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.1.2.4
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 3.15.7.1.2.4.1
Simplify each term.
Step 3.15.7.1.2.4.1.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.1.2.4.1.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.1.2.4.1.2.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.1.2.4.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.2.4.1.3
Move to the left of .
Step 3.15.7.1.2.4.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.2.4.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.2.4.2
Subtract from .
Step 3.15.7.1.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.1.4
Subtract from .
Step 3.15.7.1.5
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.1.6
Simplify.
Step 3.15.7.1.6.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.1.6.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.1.6.3
Move to the left of .
Step 3.15.7.1.7
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.1.8
Simplify.
Step 3.15.7.1.8.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.8.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.8.3
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.9
Remove parentheses.
Step 3.15.7.1.10
Simplify the numerator.
Step 3.15.7.1.10.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.10.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.10.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.10.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.10.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.1.10.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.10.2.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.1.10.2.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.1.10.2.2
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.1.10.3
Simplify .
Step 3.15.7.1.10.4
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 3.15.7.1.10.5
Combine and .
Step 3.15.7.1.10.6
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.15.7.1.10.7
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 3.15.7.1.10.8
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.15.7.1.11
Simplify the denominator.
Step 3.15.7.1.11.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.11.2
Move to the left of .
Step 3.15.7.1.11.3
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.11.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.11.3.2
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.11.3.3
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.11.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.1.11.5
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.11.6
Move to the left of .
Step 3.15.7.1.11.7
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.11.7.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.11.7.2
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.11.7.3
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.12
Combine and .
Step 3.15.7.1.13
Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.
Step 3.15.7.1.13.1
Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.
Step 3.15.7.1.13.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.13.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.1.13.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.13.1.4
Cancel the common factor.
Step 3.15.7.1.13.1.5
Rewrite the expression.
Step 3.15.7.1.13.2
Divide by .
Step 3.15.7.1.14
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.1.15
Multiply .
Step 3.15.7.1.15.1
Combine and .
Step 3.15.7.1.15.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.1.15.3
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.1.15.4
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.1.16
Multiply .
Step 3.15.7.1.16.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.16.2
Combine and .
Step 3.15.7.1.17
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.15.7.1.18
Simplify each term.
Step 3.15.7.1.18.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.1.18.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.1.18.2.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.1.18.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.18.2.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.1.18.2.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.1.18.2.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.1.18.3
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.18.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.1.18.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.1.18.5.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.18.5.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.1.18.5.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.1.18.5.2
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.1.18.6
Move to the left of .
Step 3.15.7.1.18.7
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.1.18.8
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.19
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.1.20
Simplify the numerator.
Step 3.15.7.1.20.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.20.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.20.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.20.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.20.1.4
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.20.1.5
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.20.2
Factor by grouping.
Step 3.15.7.1.20.2.1
For a polynomial of the form , rewrite the middle term as a sum of two terms whose product is and whose sum is .
Step 3.15.7.1.20.2.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.20.2.1.2
Rewrite as plus
Step 3.15.7.1.20.2.1.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.1.20.2.2
Factor out the greatest common factor from each group.
Step 3.15.7.1.20.2.2.1
Group the first two terms and the last two terms.
Step 3.15.7.1.20.2.2.2
Factor out the greatest common factor (GCF) from each group.
Step 3.15.7.1.20.2.3
Factor the polynomial by factoring out the greatest common factor, .
Step 3.15.7.1.21
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.22
Simplify the numerator.
Step 3.15.7.1.22.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.1.22.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.1.22.3
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.1.22.4
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.1.23
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.24
Simplify the numerator.
Step 3.15.7.1.24.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.24.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.24.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.24.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.24.2
Combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.1.24.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.24.2.2
Rewrite as .
Step 3.15.7.1.24.2.3
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.1.24.2.4
Rewrite as .
Step 3.15.7.1.24.2.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.1.24.2.6
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.1.24.2.7
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.1.24.2.8
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.1.24.2.9
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.25
Move to the left of .
Step 3.15.7.1.26
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.15.7.1.27
Multiply .
Step 3.15.7.1.27.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.27.2
Combine and .
Step 3.15.7.1.27.3
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.1.28
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.15.7.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.15.7.4
Simplify the numerator.
Step 3.15.7.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.4.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.4.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.4.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.4.2
To multiply absolute values, multiply the terms inside each absolute value.
Step 3.15.7.4.3
Simplify each term.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.3
Move to the left of .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.4
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.4.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.4.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.4.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1
Simplify each term.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.1.1
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.1.2
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.3.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.3.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.3.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.4
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.4.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.4.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.4.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.4.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.5
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.6
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.6.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.6.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.1.7
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.5.2
Subtract from .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.6
Rewrite as .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.7
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.7.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.7.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.7.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.8
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.8.1
Simplify each term.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.8.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.8.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.8.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.8.2
Subtract from .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.9
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.10
Simplify.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.10.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.10.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.11
Rewrite as .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.12
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.12.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.12.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.12.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.13
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.13.1
Simplify each term.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.13.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.13.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.13.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.13.2
Subtract from .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.14
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15
Simplify each term.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.1.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.1.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.3.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.3.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.3.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.4
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.5
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.6
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.6.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.6.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.6.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.6.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.6.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.7
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.8
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.8.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.8.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.9
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.10
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.11
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.15.12
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.16
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.17
Subtract from .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.18
Subtract from .
Step 3.15.7.4.3.19
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.4.4
Reorder terms.
Step 3.15.7.5
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.6
Combine and .
Step 3.15.7.7
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.15.7.8
Simplify the numerator.
Step 3.15.7.8.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.8.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.8.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.8.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.8.2
To multiply absolute values, multiply the terms inside each absolute value.
Step 3.15.7.8.3
Simplify each term.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.3
Move to the left of .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.4
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.4.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.4.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.4.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1
Simplify each term.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.1.1
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.1.2
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.3.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.3.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.3.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.4
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.4.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.4.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.4.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.4.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.5
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.6
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.6.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.6.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.1.7
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.5.2
Subtract from .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.6
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.7
Simplify.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.7.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.7.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.7.3
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.7.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.7.5
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.7.6
Move to the left of .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8
Simplify each term.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.1.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.1.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.1.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.1.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.2.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.2.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.2.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.2.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.3.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.3.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.3.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.4
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.4.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.8.3.8.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.8.4
Reorder terms.
Step 3.15.7.9
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.10
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 3.15.7.11
Simplify the numerator.
Step 3.15.7.11.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.11.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.11.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.11.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.11.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.11.3
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.11.4
Move to the left of .
Step 3.15.7.11.5
Multiply .
Step 3.15.7.11.5.1
To multiply absolute values, multiply the terms inside each absolute value.
Step 3.15.7.11.5.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.11.5.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.11.5.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.5.5
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.11.6
Rewrite as .
Step 3.15.7.11.7
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 3.15.7.11.7.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.11.7.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.11.7.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.11.8
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1
Simplify each term.
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.1.1
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.1.2
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.3.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.3.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.3.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.4
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.4.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.4.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.4.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.4.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.5
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.6
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.6.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.6.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.11.8.1.7
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.11.8.2
Subtract from .
Step 3.15.7.11.9
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.15.7.11.10
Simplify.
Step 3.15.7.11.10.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.11.10.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.11.10.3
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.11.10.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.11.10.5
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.11.10.6
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.11.10.7
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 3.15.7.11.11
Simplify each term.
Step 3.15.7.11.11.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.11.1.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.1.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.1.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.11.1.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.11.2.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.2.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.2.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.11.2.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.11.3.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.3.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.11.3.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.4
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.11.4.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.4.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.4.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.11.4.3
Add and .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.11.5.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.6
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 3.15.7.11.11.6.1
Move .
Step 3.15.7.11.11.6.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.15.7.11.12
Reorder terms.
Step 3.15.7.12
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.13
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.14
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.15
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.16
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.17
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.18
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.19
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.20
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.21
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.22
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.23
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.24
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.25
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.26
Factor out of .
Step 3.15.7.27
Rewrite as .
Step 3.15.7.28
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 3.15.8
Combine terms.
Step 3.15.8.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.8.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.15.8.3
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.15.8.4
Add and .
Step 3.15.8.5
Move to the left of .
Step 3.15.8.6
Rewrite as a product.
Step 3.15.8.7
Multiply by .
Step 4
To find the local maximum and minimum values of the function, set the derivative equal to and solve.
Step 5
Step 5.1
Find the first derivative.
Step 5.1.1
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 5.1.1.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 5.1.1.2
The derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5.1.1.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 5.1.2
Differentiate.
Step 5.1.2.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5.1.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 5.1.2.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5.1.2.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 5.1.2.5
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.3
Simplify.
Step 5.1.3.1
Reorder the factors of .
Step 5.1.3.2
Factor out of .
Step 5.1.3.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 5.1.3.2.2
Factor out of .
Step 5.1.3.2.3
Factor out of .
Step 5.1.3.3
Simplify the denominator.
Step 5.1.3.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 5.1.3.3.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 5.1.3.3.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 5.1.3.3.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 5.1.3.3.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 5.1.3.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.3.3.4
Move to the left of .
Step 5.1.3.3.5
Factor out of .
Step 5.1.3.3.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 5.1.3.3.5.2
Factor out of .
Step 5.1.3.3.5.3
Factor out of .
Step 5.1.3.4
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.3.5
Factor out of .
Step 5.1.3.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 5.1.3.5.2
Factor out of .
Step 5.1.3.5.3
Factor out of .
Step 5.1.3.6
Reorder factors in .
Step 5.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 6
Step 6.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 6.2
Set the numerator equal to zero.
Step 6.3
Solve the equation for .
Step 6.3.1
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 6.3.2
Set equal to .
Step 6.3.3
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 6.3.3.1
Set equal to .
Step 6.3.3.2
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 6.3.4
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 6.3.4.1
Set equal to .
Step 6.3.4.2
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 6.3.5
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 6.4
Exclude the solutions that do not make true.
Step 7
Step 7.1
Set the denominator in equal to to find where the expression is undefined.
Step 7.2
Solve for .
Step 7.2.1
Remove the absolute value term. This creates a on the right side of the equation because .
Step 7.2.2
Plus or minus is .
Step 7.2.3
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 7.2.4
Set equal to .
Step 7.2.5
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 7.2.5.1
Set equal to .
Step 7.2.5.2
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 7.2.6
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 7.3
The equation is undefined where the denominator equals , the argument of a square root is less than , or the argument of a logarithm is less than or equal to .
Step 8
Critical points to evaluate.
Step 9
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 10
Step 10.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 10.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.7
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.8
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.9
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.10
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.11
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.12
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.13
Simplify each term.
Step 10.1.13.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.13.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.13.3
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.13.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.13.5
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.14
Subtract from .
Step 10.1.15
Add and .
Step 10.1.16
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 10.1.17
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.18
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.19
Simplify each term.
Step 10.1.19.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.19.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.19.3
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.19.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.19.5
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.20
Subtract from .
Step 10.1.21
Add and .
Step 10.1.22
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 10.1.23
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.24
Simplify each term.
Step 10.1.24.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.24.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.24.3
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.24.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.24.5
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.25
Subtract from .
Step 10.1.26
Add and .
Step 10.1.27
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 10.1.28
Multiply by .
Step 10.1.29
Subtract from .
Step 10.1.30
Add and .
Step 10.1.31
Subtract from .
Step 10.1.32
Add and .
Step 10.1.33
Subtract from .
Step 10.1.34
Add and .
Step 10.1.35
Subtract from .
Step 10.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 10.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 10.2.3
Subtract from .
Step 10.2.4
Subtract from .
Step 10.2.5
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 10.2.6
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.2.7
Multiply by .
Step 10.2.8
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 10.3
Simplify the expression.
Step 10.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 10.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 10.3.3
Divide by .
Step 10.3.4
Multiply by .
Step 11
is a local maximum because the value of the second derivative is negative. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local maximum
Step 12
Step 12.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 12.2
Simplify the result.
Step 12.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 12.2.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 12.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 12.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 12.2.3
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 12.2.4
The final answer is .
Step 13
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 14
Step 14.1
Simplify each term.
Step 14.1.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 14.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 14.2
Add and .
Step 14.3
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 14.4
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 14.5
Subtract from .
Step 14.6
Multiply by .
Step 14.7
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 14.8
Multiply by .
Step 14.9
The expression contains a division by . The expression is undefined.
Undefined
Undefined
Step 15
Step 15.1
Split into separate intervals around the values that make the first derivative or undefined.
Step 15.2
Substitute any number, such as , from the interval in the first derivative to check if the result is negative or positive.
Step 15.2.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 15.2.2
Simplify the result.
Step 15.2.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.2.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 15.2.2.2.1
Subtract from .
Step 15.2.2.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.2.2.3
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 15.2.2.3
Simplify the numerator.
Step 15.2.2.3.1
Subtract from .
Step 15.2.2.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.2.3.3
Subtract from .
Step 15.2.2.4
Simplify the expression.
Step 15.2.2.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.2.4.2
Divide by .
Step 15.2.2.5
The final answer is .
Step 15.3
Substitute any number, such as , from the interval in the first derivative to check if the result is negative or positive.
Step 15.3.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 15.3.2
Simplify the result.
Step 15.3.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 15.3.2.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 15.3.2.2.1
Subtract from .
Step 15.3.2.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 15.3.2.2.3
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 15.3.2.3
Simplify the numerator.
Step 15.3.2.3.1
Subtract from .
Step 15.3.2.3.2
Combine exponents.
Step 15.3.2.3.2.1
Factor out negative.
Step 15.3.2.3.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 15.3.2.3.3
Subtract from .
Step 15.3.2.4
Simplify the expression.
Step 15.3.2.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 15.3.2.4.2
Divide by .
Step 15.3.2.5
The final answer is .
Step 15.4
Substitute any number, such as , from the interval in the first derivative to check if the result is negative or positive.
Step 15.4.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 15.4.2
Simplify the result.
Step 15.4.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 15.4.2.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 15.4.2.2.1
Subtract from .
Step 15.4.2.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 15.4.2.2.3
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 15.4.2.3
Simplify the numerator.
Step 15.4.2.3.1
Subtract from .
Step 15.4.2.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 15.4.2.3.3
Subtract from .
Step 15.4.2.4
Simplify the expression.
Step 15.4.2.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 15.4.2.4.2
Divide by .
Step 15.4.2.5
The final answer is .
Step 15.5
Substitute any number, such as , from the interval in the first derivative to check if the result is negative or positive.
Step 15.5.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 15.5.2
Simplify the result.
Step 15.5.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 15.5.2.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 15.5.2.2.1
Subtract from .
Step 15.5.2.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 15.5.2.2.3
The absolute value is the distance between a number and zero. The distance between and is .
Step 15.5.2.3
Simplify the numerator.
Step 15.5.2.3.1
Subtract from .
Step 15.5.2.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 15.5.2.3.3
Subtract from .
Step 15.5.2.4
Simplify the expression.
Step 15.5.2.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 15.5.2.4.2
Divide by .
Step 15.5.2.5
The final answer is .
Step 15.6
Since the first derivative changed signs from negative to positive around , then is a local minimum.
is a local minimum
Step 15.7
Since the first derivative changed signs from positive to negative around , then is a local maximum.
is a local maximum
Step 15.8
Since the first derivative changed signs from negative to positive around , then is a local minimum.
is a local minimum
Step 15.9
These are the local extrema for .
is a local minimum
is a local maximum
is a local minimum
is a local minimum
is a local maximum
is a local minimum
Step 16