Calculus Examples

Find the Local Maxima and Minima y=xe^(-11x^2)
Step 1
Write as a function.
Step 2
Find the first derivative of the function.
Tap for more steps...
Step 2.1
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.2
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Tap for more steps...
Step 2.2.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 2.2.2
Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that is where =.
Step 2.2.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 2.3
Differentiate.
Tap for more steps...
Step 2.3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.6
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.7
Simplify the expression.
Tap for more steps...
Step 2.7.1
Add and .
Step 2.7.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.8
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.9
Multiply by .
Step 2.10
Simplify.
Tap for more steps...
Step 2.10.1
Reorder terms.
Step 2.10.2
Reorder factors in .
Step 3
Find the second derivative of the function.
Tap for more steps...
Step 3.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.2
Evaluate .
Tap for more steps...
Step 3.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.2.2
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 3.2.3
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Tap for more steps...
Step 3.2.3.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 3.2.3.2
Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that is where =.
Step 3.2.3.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 3.2.4
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.2.5
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 3.2.6
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 3.2.7
Multiply by .
Step 3.2.8
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Tap for more steps...
Step 3.2.8.1
Move .
Step 3.2.8.2
Multiply by .
Tap for more steps...
Step 3.2.8.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 3.2.8.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 3.2.8.3
Add and .
Step 3.2.9
Move to the left of .
Step 3.3
Evaluate .
Tap for more steps...
Step 3.3.1
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Tap for more steps...
Step 3.3.1.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 3.3.1.2
Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that is where =.
Step 3.3.1.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 3.3.2
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 3.3.3
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 3.3.4
Multiply by .
Step 3.4
Simplify.
Tap for more steps...
Step 3.4.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 3.4.2
Combine terms.
Tap for more steps...
Step 3.4.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 3.4.2.3
Move .
Step 3.4.2.4
Subtract from .
Step 3.4.3
Reorder terms.
Step 3.4.4
Reorder factors in .
Step 4
To find the local maximum and minimum values of the function, set the derivative equal to and solve.
Step 5
Find the first derivative.
Tap for more steps...
Step 5.1
Find the first derivative.
Tap for more steps...
Step 5.1.1
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 5.1.2
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Tap for more steps...
Step 5.1.2.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 5.1.2.2
Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that is where =.
Step 5.1.2.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 5.1.3
Differentiate.
Tap for more steps...
Step 5.1.3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5.1.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 5.1.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.1.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.1.6
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 5.1.7
Simplify the expression.
Tap for more steps...
Step 5.1.7.1
Add and .
Step 5.1.7.2
Move to the left of .
Step 5.1.8
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 5.1.9
Multiply by .
Step 5.1.10
Simplify.
Tap for more steps...
Step 5.1.10.1
Reorder terms.
Step 5.1.10.2
Reorder factors in .
Step 5.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 6
Set the first derivative equal to then solve the equation .
Tap for more steps...
Step 6.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 6.2
Factor out of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 6.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 6.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.2.3
Factor out of .
Step 6.3
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 6.4
Set equal to and solve for .
Tap for more steps...
Step 6.4.1
Set equal to .
Step 6.4.2
Solve for .
Tap for more steps...
Step 6.4.2.1
Take the natural logarithm of both sides of the equation to remove the variable from the exponent.
Step 6.4.2.2
The equation cannot be solved because is undefined.
Undefined
Step 6.4.2.3
There is no solution for
No solution
No solution
No solution
Step 6.5
Set equal to and solve for .
Tap for more steps...
Step 6.5.1
Set equal to .
Step 6.5.2
Solve for .
Tap for more steps...
Step 6.5.2.1
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 6.5.2.2
Divide each term in by and simplify.
Tap for more steps...
Step 6.5.2.2.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 6.5.2.2.2
Simplify the left side.
Tap for more steps...
Step 6.5.2.2.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 6.5.2.2.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 6.5.2.2.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 6.5.2.2.3
Simplify the right side.
Tap for more steps...
Step 6.5.2.2.3.1
Dividing two negative values results in a positive value.
Step 6.5.2.3
Take the specified root of both sides of the equation to eliminate the exponent on the left side.
Step 6.5.2.4
Simplify .
Tap for more steps...
Step 6.5.2.4.1
Rewrite as .
Step 6.5.2.4.2
Any root of is .
Step 6.5.2.4.3
Multiply by .
Step 6.5.2.4.4
Combine and simplify the denominator.
Tap for more steps...
Step 6.5.2.4.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 6.5.2.4.4.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 6.5.2.4.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 6.5.2.4.4.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 6.5.2.4.4.5
Add and .
Step 6.5.2.4.4.6
Rewrite as .
Tap for more steps...
Step 6.5.2.4.4.6.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 6.5.2.4.4.6.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 6.5.2.4.4.6.3
Combine and .
Step 6.5.2.4.4.6.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 6.5.2.4.4.6.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 6.5.2.4.4.6.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 6.5.2.4.4.6.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 6.5.2.5
The complete solution is the result of both the positive and negative portions of the solution.
Tap for more steps...
Step 6.5.2.5.1
First, use the positive value of the to find the first solution.
Step 6.5.2.5.2
Next, use the negative value of the to find the second solution.
Step 6.5.2.5.3
The complete solution is the result of both the positive and negative portions of the solution.
Step 6.6
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 7
Find the values where the derivative is undefined.
Tap for more steps...
Step 7.1
The domain of the expression is all real numbers except where the expression is undefined. In this case, there is no real number that makes the expression undefined.
Step 8
Critical points to evaluate.
Step 9
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 10
Evaluate the second derivative.
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1
Simplify each term.
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 10.1.2
Simplify the numerator.
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.2.1
Rewrite as .
Step 10.1.2.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.2.3
Rewrite as .
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.2.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 10.1.2.3.2
Rewrite as .
Step 10.1.2.4
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 10.1.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 10.1.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 10.1.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 10.1.5
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.5.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 10.1.5.2
Divide by .
Step 10.1.6
Apply the product rule to .
Step 10.1.7
Rewrite as .
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.7.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 10.1.7.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 10.1.7.3
Combine and .
Step 10.1.7.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.7.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 10.1.7.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 10.1.7.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 10.1.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.9
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 10.1.9.2
Factor out of .
Step 10.1.9.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 10.1.9.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 10.1.10
Cancel the common factor of and .
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.10.1
Factor out of .
Step 10.1.10.2
Cancel the common factors.
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.10.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 10.1.10.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 10.1.10.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 10.1.11
Rewrite as .
Step 10.1.12
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 10.1.13
Combine and .
Step 10.1.14
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.14.1
Factor out of .
Step 10.1.14.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 10.1.14.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 10.1.15
Apply the product rule to .
Step 10.1.16
Rewrite as .
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.16.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 10.1.16.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 10.1.16.3
Combine and .
Step 10.1.16.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.16.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 10.1.16.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 10.1.16.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 10.1.17
Raise to the power of .
Step 10.1.18
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.18.1
Factor out of .
Step 10.1.18.2
Factor out of .
Step 10.1.18.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 10.1.18.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 10.1.19
Cancel the common factor of and .
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.19.1
Factor out of .
Step 10.1.19.2
Cancel the common factors.
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.19.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 10.1.19.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 10.1.19.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 10.1.20
Rewrite as .
Step 10.1.21
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 10.1.22
Multiply .
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.1.22.1
Combine and .
Step 10.1.22.2
Combine and .
Step 10.1.23
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 10.2
Simplify terms.
Tap for more steps...
Step 10.2.1
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 10.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 10.2.3
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 11
is a local maximum because the value of the second derivative is negative. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local maximum
Step 12
Find the y-value when .
Tap for more steps...
Step 12.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 12.2
Simplify the result.
Tap for more steps...
Step 12.2.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 12.2.2
Rewrite as .
Tap for more steps...
Step 12.2.2.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 12.2.2.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 12.2.2.3
Combine and .
Step 12.2.2.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 12.2.2.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 12.2.2.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 12.2.2.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 12.2.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 12.2.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 12.2.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 12.2.4.2
Factor out of .
Step 12.2.4.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 12.2.4.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 12.2.5
Cancel the common factor of and .
Tap for more steps...
Step 12.2.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 12.2.5.2
Cancel the common factors.
Tap for more steps...
Step 12.2.5.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 12.2.5.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 12.2.5.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 12.2.6
Rewrite as .
Step 12.2.7
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 12.2.8
Combine.
Step 12.2.9
Multiply by .
Step 12.2.10
The final answer is .
Step 13
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 14
Evaluate the second derivative.
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1
Simplify each term.
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.1
Use the power rule to distribute the exponent.
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 14.1.1.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 14.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 14.1.3
Simplify the numerator.
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.3.1
Rewrite as .
Step 14.1.3.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 14.1.3.3
Rewrite as .
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.3.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.3.3.2
Rewrite as .
Step 14.1.3.4
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 14.1.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 14.1.5
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.5.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 14.1.5.2
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.5.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.1.5.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.1.6
Cancel the common factor of and .
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.6.1
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.6.2
Cancel the common factors.
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.6.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.6.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.1.6.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.1.6.2.4
Divide by .
Step 14.1.7
Use the power rule to distribute the exponent.
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.7.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 14.1.7.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 14.1.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 14.1.9
Multiply by .
Step 14.1.10
Rewrite as .
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.10.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 14.1.10.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 14.1.10.3
Combine and .
Step 14.1.10.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.10.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.1.10.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.1.10.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 14.1.11
Raise to the power of .
Step 14.1.12
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.12.1
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.12.2
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.12.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.1.12.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.1.13
Cancel the common factor of and .
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.13.1
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.13.2
Cancel the common factors.
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.13.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.13.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.1.13.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.1.14
Rewrite as .
Step 14.1.15
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 14.1.16
Combine and .
Step 14.1.17
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.17.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 14.1.17.2
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.17.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.1.17.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.1.18
Multiply by .
Step 14.1.19
Use the power rule to distribute the exponent.
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.19.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 14.1.19.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 14.1.20
Raise to the power of .
Step 14.1.21
Multiply by .
Step 14.1.22
Rewrite as .
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.22.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 14.1.22.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 14.1.22.3
Combine and .
Step 14.1.22.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.22.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.1.22.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.1.22.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 14.1.23
Raise to the power of .
Step 14.1.24
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.24.1
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.24.2
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.24.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.1.24.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.1.25
Cancel the common factor of and .
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.25.1
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.25.2
Cancel the common factors.
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.25.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 14.1.25.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 14.1.25.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14.1.26
Rewrite as .
Step 14.1.27
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 14.1.28
Multiply .
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.1.28.1
Combine and .
Step 14.1.28.2
Combine and .
Step 14.2
Simplify terms.
Tap for more steps...
Step 14.2.1
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 14.2.2
Add and .
Step 15
is a local minimum because the value of the second derivative is positive. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local minimum
Step 16
Find the y-value when .
Tap for more steps...
Step 16.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 16.2
Simplify the result.
Tap for more steps...
Step 16.2.1
Use the power rule to distribute the exponent.
Tap for more steps...
Step 16.2.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 16.2.1.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 16.2.2
Simplify the expression.
Tap for more steps...
Step 16.2.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 16.2.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.3
Rewrite as .
Tap for more steps...
Step 16.2.3.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 16.2.3.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 16.2.3.3
Combine and .
Step 16.2.3.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 16.2.3.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 16.2.3.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 16.2.3.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 16.2.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 16.2.5
Cancel the common factor of .
Tap for more steps...
Step 16.2.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.5.2
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.5.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 16.2.5.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 16.2.6
Cancel the common factor of and .
Tap for more steps...
Step 16.2.6.1
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.6.2
Cancel the common factors.
Tap for more steps...
Step 16.2.6.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 16.2.6.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 16.2.6.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 16.2.7
Rewrite as .
Step 16.2.8
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 16.2.9
Multiply by .
Step 16.2.10
Move to the left of .
Step 16.2.11
The final answer is .
Step 17
These are the local extrema for .
is a local maxima
is a local minima
Step 18