Calculus Examples

Find the Local Maxima and Minima f(x)=x^(5/11)(x-5)^2
Step 1
Find the first derivative of the function.
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Step 1.1
Rewrite as .
Step 1.2
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 1.2.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.2.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.2.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.3
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 1.3.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 1.3.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.3.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 1.3.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.3.2
Subtract from .
Step 1.4
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 1.5
Differentiate.
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Step 1.5.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.5.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.5.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.5.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.5.5
Multiply by .
Step 1.5.6
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.5.7
Add and .
Step 1.5.8
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.6
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 1.7
Combine and .
Step 1.8
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 1.9
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 1.9.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.9.2
Subtract from .
Step 1.10
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 1.11
Combine and .
Step 1.12
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 1.13
Simplify.
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Step 1.13.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.13.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.13.3
Combine terms.
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Step 1.13.3.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.13.3.1.1
Move .
Step 1.13.3.1.2
Multiply by .
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Step 1.13.3.1.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.13.3.1.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.13.3.1.3
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 1.13.3.1.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 1.13.3.1.5
Add and .
Step 1.13.3.2
Move to the left of .
Step 1.13.3.3
Move to the left of .
Step 1.13.3.4
Combine and .
Step 1.13.3.5
Move to the left of .
Step 1.13.3.6
Move to the numerator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 1.13.3.7
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.13.3.7.1
Move .
Step 1.13.3.7.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.13.3.7.3
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 1.13.3.7.4
Combine and .
Step 1.13.3.7.5
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 1.13.3.7.6
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 1.13.3.7.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.13.3.7.6.2
Add and .
Step 1.13.3.8
Combine and .
Step 1.13.3.9
Multiply by .
Step 1.13.3.10
Combine and .
Step 1.13.3.11
Move to the left of .
Step 1.13.3.12
Move to the numerator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 1.13.3.13
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 1.13.3.13.1
Move .
Step 1.13.3.13.2
Multiply by .
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Step 1.13.3.13.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 1.13.3.13.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 1.13.3.13.3
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 1.13.3.13.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 1.13.3.13.5
Add and .
Step 1.13.3.14
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 1.13.3.15
Combine and .
Step 1.13.3.16
Multiply by .
Step 1.13.3.17
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 1.13.3.18
Combine and .
Step 1.13.3.19
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 1.13.3.20
Multiply by .
Step 1.13.3.21
Add and .
Step 1.13.3.22
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 1.13.3.23
Combine and .
Step 1.13.3.24
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 1.13.3.25
Multiply by .
Step 1.13.3.26
Subtract from .
Step 1.13.3.27
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 1.13.4
Reorder terms.
Step 2
Find the second derivative of the function.
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Step 2.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2
Evaluate .
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Step 2.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.2.3
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.2.4
Combine and .
Step 2.2.5
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.2.6
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 2.2.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.6.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.2.7
Combine and .
Step 2.2.8
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.9
Multiply by .
Step 2.2.10
Multiply by .
Step 2.3
Evaluate .
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Step 2.3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.3.2
Rewrite as .
Step 2.3.3
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
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Step 2.3.3.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 2.3.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.3.3.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 2.3.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.3.5
Multiply the exponents in .
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Step 2.3.5.1
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 2.3.5.2
Multiply .
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Step 2.3.5.2.1
Combine and .
Step 2.3.5.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.3.5.3
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.3.6
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.3.7
Combine and .
Step 2.3.8
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.3.9
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 2.3.9.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.3.9.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.3.10
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.3.11
Combine and .
Step 2.3.12
Combine and .
Step 2.3.13
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 2.3.13.1
Move .
Step 2.3.13.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.3.13.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.3.13.4
Subtract from .
Step 2.3.13.5
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.3.14
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 2.3.15
Multiply by .
Step 2.3.16
Multiply by .
Step 2.3.17
Multiply by .
Step 2.4
Evaluate .
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Step 2.4.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.4.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.4.3
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.4.4
Combine and .
Step 2.4.5
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.4.6
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 2.4.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.4.6.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.4.7
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.4.8
Combine and .
Step 2.4.9
Multiply by .
Step 2.4.10
Multiply by .
Step 2.4.11
Multiply by .
Step 2.4.12
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 3
To find the local maximum and minimum values of the function, set the derivative equal to and solve.
Step 4
Find the first derivative.
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Step 4.1
Find the first derivative.
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Step 4.1.1
Rewrite as .
Step 4.1.2
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 4.1.2.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.2.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.2.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.3
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 4.1.3.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 4.1.3.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 4.1.3.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3.2
Subtract from .
Step 4.1.4
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 4.1.5
Differentiate.
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Step 4.1.5.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.5.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.5.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.5.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.5.5
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.5.6
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.5.7
Add and .
Step 4.1.5.8
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.6
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 4.1.7
Combine and .
Step 4.1.8
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.1.9
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 4.1.9.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.9.2
Subtract from .
Step 4.1.10
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 4.1.11
Combine and .
Step 4.1.12
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 4.1.13
Simplify.
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Step 4.1.13.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.13.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.13.3
Combine terms.
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Step 4.1.13.3.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 4.1.13.3.1.1
Move .
Step 4.1.13.3.1.2
Multiply by .
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Step 4.1.13.3.1.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.1.13.3.1.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 4.1.13.3.1.3
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 4.1.13.3.1.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.1.13.3.1.5
Add and .
Step 4.1.13.3.2
Move to the left of .
Step 4.1.13.3.3
Move to the left of .
Step 4.1.13.3.4
Combine and .
Step 4.1.13.3.5
Move to the left of .
Step 4.1.13.3.6
Move to the numerator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 4.1.13.3.7
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 4.1.13.3.7.1
Move .
Step 4.1.13.3.7.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 4.1.13.3.7.3
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 4.1.13.3.7.4
Combine and .
Step 4.1.13.3.7.5
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.1.13.3.7.6
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 4.1.13.3.7.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.13.3.7.6.2
Add and .
Step 4.1.13.3.8
Combine and .
Step 4.1.13.3.9
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.13.3.10
Combine and .
Step 4.1.13.3.11
Move to the left of .
Step 4.1.13.3.12
Move to the numerator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 4.1.13.3.13
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 4.1.13.3.13.1
Move .
Step 4.1.13.3.13.2
Multiply by .
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Step 4.1.13.3.13.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 4.1.13.3.13.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 4.1.13.3.13.3
Write as a fraction with a common denominator.
Step 4.1.13.3.13.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.1.13.3.13.5
Add and .
Step 4.1.13.3.14
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 4.1.13.3.15
Combine and .
Step 4.1.13.3.16
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.13.3.17
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 4.1.13.3.18
Combine and .
Step 4.1.13.3.19
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.1.13.3.20
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.13.3.21
Add and .
Step 4.1.13.3.22
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 4.1.13.3.23
Combine and .
Step 4.1.13.3.24
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 4.1.13.3.25
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.13.3.26
Subtract from .
Step 4.1.13.3.27
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 4.1.13.4
Reorder terms.
Step 4.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5
Set the first derivative equal to then solve the equation .
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Step 5.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 5.2
Find the LCD of the terms in the equation.
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Step 5.2.1
Finding the LCD of a list of values is the same as finding the LCM of the denominators of those values.
Step 5.2.2
Since contains both numbers and variables, there are two steps to find the LCM. Find LCM for the numeric part then find LCM for the variable part .
Step 5.2.3
The LCM is the smallest positive number that all of the numbers divide into evenly.
1. List the prime factors of each number.
2. Multiply each factor the greatest number of times it occurs in either number.
Step 5.2.4
Since has no factors besides and .
is a prime number
Step 5.2.5
The number is not a prime number because it only has one positive factor, which is itself.
Not prime
Step 5.2.6
The LCM of is the result of multiplying all prime factors the greatest number of times they occur in either number.
Step 5.2.7
The LCM of is the result of multiplying all prime factors the greatest number of times they occur in either term.
Step 5.2.8
The LCM for is the numeric part multiplied by the variable part.
Step 5.3
Multiply each term in by to eliminate the fractions.
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Step 5.3.1
Multiply each term in by .
Step 5.3.2
Simplify the left side.
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Step 5.3.2.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 5.3.2.1.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 5.3.2.1.2
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 5.3.2.1.2.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 5.3.2.1.2.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 5.3.2.1.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 5.3.2.1.3.1
Move .
Step 5.3.2.1.3.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 5.3.2.1.3.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 5.3.2.1.3.4
Add and .
Step 5.3.2.1.3.5
Divide by .
Step 5.3.2.1.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 5.3.2.1.5
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 5.3.2.1.5.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 5.3.2.1.5.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 5.3.2.1.6
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 5.3.2.1.6.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 5.3.2.1.6.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 5.3.2.1.7
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 5.3.2.1.7.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 5.3.2.1.7.2
Factor out of .
Step 5.3.2.1.7.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 5.3.2.1.7.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 5.3.2.1.8
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 5.3.2.1.8.1
Move .
Step 5.3.2.1.8.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 5.3.2.1.8.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 5.3.2.1.8.4
Add and .
Step 5.3.2.1.8.5
Divide by .
Step 5.3.2.1.9
Simplify .
Step 5.3.3
Simplify the right side.
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Step 5.3.3.1
Multiply .
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Step 5.3.3.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.3.3.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.4
Solve the equation.
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Step 5.4.1
Factor by grouping.
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Step 5.4.1.1
Reorder terms.
Step 5.4.1.2
For a polynomial of the form , rewrite the middle term as a sum of two terms whose product is and whose sum is .
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Step 5.4.1.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 5.4.1.2.2
Rewrite as plus
Step 5.4.1.2.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 5.4.1.3
Factor out the greatest common factor from each group.
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Step 5.4.1.3.1
Group the first two terms and the last two terms.
Step 5.4.1.3.2
Factor out the greatest common factor (GCF) from each group.
Step 5.4.1.4
Factor the polynomial by factoring out the greatest common factor, .
Step 5.4.2
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 5.4.3
Set equal to and solve for .
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Step 5.4.3.1
Set equal to .
Step 5.4.3.2
Solve for .
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Step 5.4.3.2.1
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 5.4.3.2.2
Divide each term in by and simplify.
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Step 5.4.3.2.2.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 5.4.3.2.2.2
Simplify the left side.
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Step 5.4.3.2.2.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 5.4.3.2.2.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 5.4.3.2.2.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 5.4.4
Set equal to and solve for .
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Step 5.4.4.1
Set equal to .
Step 5.4.4.2
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 5.4.5
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 6
Find the values where the derivative is undefined.
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Step 6.1
Convert expressions with fractional exponents to radicals.
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Step 6.1.1
Apply the rule to rewrite the exponentiation as a radical.
Step 6.1.2
Apply the rule to rewrite the exponentiation as a radical.
Step 6.1.3
Apply the rule to rewrite the exponentiation as a radical.
Step 6.2
Set the denominator in equal to to find where the expression is undefined.
Step 6.3
Solve for .
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Step 6.3.1
To remove the radical on the left side of the equation, raise both sides of the equation to the power of .
Step 6.3.2
Simplify each side of the equation.
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Step 6.3.2.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 6.3.2.2
Simplify the left side.
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Step 6.3.2.2.1
Simplify .
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Step 6.3.2.2.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 6.3.2.2.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 6.3.2.2.1.3
Multiply the exponents in .
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Step 6.3.2.2.1.3.1
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 6.3.2.2.1.3.2
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 6.3.2.2.1.3.2.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 6.3.2.2.1.3.2.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 6.3.2.3
Simplify the right side.
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Step 6.3.2.3.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 6.3.3
Solve for .
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Step 6.3.3.1
Divide each term in by and simplify.
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Step 6.3.3.1.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 6.3.3.1.2
Simplify the left side.
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Step 6.3.3.1.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 6.3.3.1.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 6.3.3.1.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 6.3.3.1.3
Simplify the right side.
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Step 6.3.3.1.3.1
Divide by .
Step 6.3.3.2
Take the specified root of both sides of the equation to eliminate the exponent on the left side.
Step 6.3.3.3
Simplify .
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Step 6.3.3.3.1
Rewrite as .
Step 6.3.3.3.2
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 6.3.3.3.3
Plus or minus is .
Step 7
Critical points to evaluate.
Step 8
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 9
Evaluate the second derivative.
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Step 9.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 9.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 9.1.2
Combine and .
Step 9.1.3
Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.
Step 9.1.4
Combine.
Step 9.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.6
Move to the left of .
Step 9.1.7
Apply the product rule to .
Step 9.1.8
Combine and .
Step 9.1.9
Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.
Step 9.1.10
Combine and .
Step 9.1.11
Apply the product rule to .
Step 9.1.12
Combine and .
Step 9.1.13
Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.
Step 9.1.14
Combine and .
Step 9.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 9.3
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
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Step 9.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.3.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 9.3.2.1
Move .
Step 9.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 9.3.2.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 9.3.2.4
Add and .
Step 9.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 9.5
Simplify each term.
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Step 9.5.1
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 9.5.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.5.1.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.5.2
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 9.5.2.1
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 9.5.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 10
is a local maximum because the value of the second derivative is negative. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local maximum
Step 11
Find the y-value when .
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Step 11.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 11.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 11.2.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 11.2.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 11.2.3
Combine and .
Step 11.2.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 11.2.5
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 11.2.5.1
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.5.2
Subtract from .
Step 11.2.6
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 11.2.7
Use the power rule to distribute the exponent.
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Step 11.2.7.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 11.2.7.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 11.2.8
Simplify the expression.
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Step 11.2.8.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.8.2
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.9
Combine.
Step 11.2.10
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 11.2.10.1
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 11.2.10.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 11.2.10.3
Combine and .
Step 11.2.10.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 11.2.10.5
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 11.2.10.5.1
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.10.5.2
Add and .
Step 11.2.11
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.12
Move to the left of .
Step 11.2.13
The final answer is .
Step 12
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 13
Evaluate the second derivative.
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Step 13.1
Remove parentheses.
Step 13.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 13.3
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
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Step 13.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 13.3.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 13.3.2.1
Move .
Step 13.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 13.3.2.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 13.3.2.4
Add and .
Step 13.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 13.5
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 13.5.1
Divide by .
Step 13.5.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.5.3
Multiply by .
Step 13.5.4
Subtract from .
Step 13.6
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 14
is a local minimum because the value of the second derivative is positive. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local minimum
Step 15
Find the y-value when .
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Step 15.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 15.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 15.2.1
Subtract from .
Step 15.2.2
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 15.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.4
The final answer is .
Step 16
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 17
Evaluate the second derivative.
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Step 17.1
Simplify the expression.
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Step 17.1.1
Rewrite as .
Step 17.1.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 17.2
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 17.2.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 17.2.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 17.3
Simplify the expression.
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Step 17.3.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 17.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 17.3.3
The expression contains a division by . The expression is undefined.
Undefined
Step 17.4
The expression contains a division by . The expression is undefined.
Undefined
Undefined
Step 18
Since there is at least one point with or undefined second derivative, apply the first derivative test.
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Step 18.1
Split into separate intervals around the values that make the first derivative or undefined.
Step 18.2
Substitute any number, such as , from the interval in the first derivative to check if the result is negative or positive.
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Step 18.2.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 18.2.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 18.2.2.1
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 18.2.2.2
The final answer is .
Step 18.3
Substitute any number, such as , from the interval in the first derivative to check if the result is negative or positive.
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Step 18.3.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 18.3.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 18.3.2.1
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 18.3.2.2
Simplify each term.
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Step 18.3.2.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 18.3.2.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 18.3.2.2.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 18.3.2.2.4
Multiply by .
Step 18.3.2.3
Subtract from .
Step 18.3.2.4
Simplify each term.
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Step 18.3.2.4.1
Divide by .
Step 18.3.2.4.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 18.3.2.4.3
Multiply by .
Step 18.3.2.4.4
Divide by .
Step 18.3.2.5
Add and .
Step 18.3.2.6
The final answer is .
Step 18.4
Substitute any number, such as , from the interval in the first derivative to check if the result is negative or positive.
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Step 18.4.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 18.4.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 18.4.2.1
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 18.4.2.1.1
Rewrite as .
Step 18.4.2.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 18.4.2.1.3
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 18.4.2.1.4
Combine and .
Step 18.4.2.1.5
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 18.4.2.1.6
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 18.4.2.1.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 18.4.2.1.6.2
Add and .
Step 18.4.2.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 18.4.2.3
The final answer is .
Step 18.5
Substitute any number, such as , from the interval in the first derivative to check if the result is negative or positive.
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Step 18.5.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 18.5.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 18.5.2.1
Remove parentheses.
Step 18.5.2.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 18.5.2.3
The final answer is .
Step 18.6
Since the first derivative did not change signs around , this is not a local maximum or minimum.
Not a local maximum or minimum
Step 18.7
Since the first derivative changed signs from positive to negative around , then is a local maximum.
is a local maximum
Step 18.8
Since the first derivative changed signs from negative to positive around , then is a local minimum.
is a local minimum
Step 18.9
These are the local extrema for .
is a local maximum
is a local minimum
is a local maximum
is a local minimum
Step 19