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Calculus Examples
Step 1
Step 1.1
Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that is where and .
Step 1.2
Differentiate.
Step 1.2.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.2.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.4
Simplify the expression.
Step 1.2.4.1
Add and .
Step 1.2.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.2.5
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.6
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.2.7
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.8
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.2.9
Multiply by .
Step 1.2.10
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.11
Add and .
Step 1.3
Simplify.
Step 1.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.3.2
Simplify the numerator.
Step 1.3.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 1.3.2.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.3.2.1.2
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 1.3.2.1.2.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.3.2.1.2.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.3.2.1.2.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.3.2.1.3
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 1.3.2.1.3.1
Simplify each term.
Step 1.3.2.1.3.1.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 1.3.2.1.3.1.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 1.3.2.1.3.1.2.1
Move .
Step 1.3.2.1.3.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 1.3.2.1.3.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.3.2.1.3.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 1.3.2.1.3.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 1.3.2.1.3.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 1.3.2.1.3.2
Add and .
Step 1.3.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 1.3.2.3
Add and .
Step 1.3.2.4
Add and .
Step 1.3.3
Simplify the denominator.
Step 1.3.3.1
Factor using the AC method.
Step 1.3.3.1.1
Consider the form . Find a pair of integers whose product is and whose sum is . In this case, whose product is and whose sum is .
Step 1.3.3.1.2
Write the factored form using these integers.
Step 1.3.3.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 1.3.4
Factor out of .
Step 1.3.5
Factor out of .
Step 1.3.6
Factor out of .
Step 1.3.7
Rewrite as .
Step 1.3.8
Factor out of .
Step 1.3.9
Rewrite as .
Step 1.3.10
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2
Step 2.1
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.2
Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.3
Differentiate.
Step 2.3.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.3.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.3.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.3.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.3.6
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.3.7
Add and .
Step 2.4
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.5
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 2.5.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 2.5.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.5.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 2.6
Differentiate.
Step 2.6.1
Move to the left of .
Step 2.6.2
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.6.3
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.6.4
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.6.5
Simplify the expression.
Step 2.6.5.1
Add and .
Step 2.6.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.7
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 2.7.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 2.7.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.7.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 2.8
Differentiate.
Step 2.8.1
Move to the left of .
Step 2.8.2
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.8.3
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.8.4
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.8.5
Simplify the expression.
Step 2.8.5.1
Add and .
Step 2.8.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.8.6
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.8.7
Simplify the expression.
Step 2.8.7.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.8.7.2
Add and .
Step 2.9
Simplify.
Step 2.9.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 2.9.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.9.3
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.9.3.1
Rewrite as .
Step 2.9.3.2
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 2.9.3.2.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.9.3.2.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.9.3.2.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.9.3.3
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 2.9.3.3.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.9.3.3.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.3.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.3.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.3.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.3.2
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.4
Rewrite as .
Step 2.9.3.5
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 2.9.3.5.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.9.3.5.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.9.3.5.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.9.3.6
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 2.9.3.6.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.9.3.6.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.6.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.9.3.6.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.6.2
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.7
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 2.9.3.8
Simplify each term.
Step 2.9.3.8.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.8.1.1
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.9.3.8.1.2
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.8.2
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.9.3.8.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.8.3.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.8.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.8.3.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.9.3.8.3.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.9.3.8.3.3
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.8.4
Move to the left of .
Step 2.9.3.8.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.8.5.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.8.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.8.5.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.9.3.8.5.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.9.3.8.5.3
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.8.6
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.9.3.8.7
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.8.7.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.8.7.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.8.8
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.8.9
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.8.10
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.8.11
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.8.12
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.9
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.10
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.11
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.12
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.13
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 2.9.3.14
Simplify each term.
Step 2.9.3.14.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.9.3.14.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.14.2.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.14.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.14.2.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.9.3.14.2.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.9.3.14.2.3
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.14.3
Move to the left of .
Step 2.9.3.14.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.9.3.14.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.14.5.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.14.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.14.5.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.9.3.14.5.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.9.3.14.5.3
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.14.6
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.14.7
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.14.8
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.9.3.14.9
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.14.9.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.14.9.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.14.9.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.9.3.14.9.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.9.3.14.9.3
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.14.10
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.14.11
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.14.12
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.9.3.14.13
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.14.13.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.14.13.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.14.14
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.14.15
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.14.16
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.14.17
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.15
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.16
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.17
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.18
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.19
Simplify each term.
Step 2.9.3.19.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.19.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20
Simplify each term.
Step 2.9.3.20.1
Rewrite as .
Step 2.9.3.20.2
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 2.9.3.20.2.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.9.3.20.2.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.9.3.20.2.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.9.3.20.3
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 2.9.3.20.3.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.9.3.20.3.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.3.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.3.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.3.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.3.2
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.20.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.9.3.20.5
Simplify.
Step 2.9.3.20.5.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.6
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 2.9.3.20.7
Simplify each term.
Step 2.9.3.20.7.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.20.7.1.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.20.7.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.7.1.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.9.3.20.7.1.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.9.3.20.7.1.3
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.20.7.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.7.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.20.7.3.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.20.7.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.7.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.7.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.8
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.20.9
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.20.10
Rewrite as .
Step 2.9.3.20.11
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 2.9.3.20.11.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.9.3.20.11.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.9.3.20.11.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.9.3.20.12
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 2.9.3.20.12.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.9.3.20.12.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.12.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.9.3.20.12.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.12.2
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.20.13
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.9.3.20.14
Simplify.
Step 2.9.3.20.14.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.14.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.15
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 2.9.3.20.16
Simplify each term.
Step 2.9.3.20.16.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.20.16.1.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.20.16.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.16.1.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.9.3.20.16.1.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.9.3.20.16.1.3
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.20.16.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.16.3
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.20.16.3.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.20.16.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.16.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.16.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.20.17
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.20.18
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.21
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.22
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.23
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.24
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.25
Expand by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.
Step 2.9.3.26
Simplify each term.
Step 2.9.3.26.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.9.3.26.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.26.2.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.26.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.9.3.26.2.3
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.26.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.26.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.9.3.26.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.26.5.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.26.5.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.9.3.26.5.3
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.26.6
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.26.7
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.9.3.26.8
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.26.8.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.26.8.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.26.8.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.9.3.26.8.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.9.3.26.8.3
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.26.9
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.26.10
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.26.11
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.9.3.26.12
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.26.12.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.26.12.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.26.12.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.9.3.26.12.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.9.3.26.12.3
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.26.13
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.26.14
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.9.3.26.15
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.26.15.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.26.15.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.26.15.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.9.3.26.15.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.9.3.26.15.3
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.26.16
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.26.17
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 2.9.3.26.18
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.9.3.26.18.1
Move .
Step 2.9.3.26.18.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.26.19
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.26.20
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.26.21
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.26.22
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.26.23
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.26.24
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.3.27
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.28
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.29
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.30
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.31
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.32
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.33
Subtract from .
Step 2.9.3.34
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.35
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.36
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.37
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.38
Add and .
Step 2.9.3.39
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.3.39.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.3.39.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.3.39.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.3.39.4
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.3.39.5
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.3.39.6
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.3.39.7
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.3.39.8
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.3.39.9
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.3.39.10
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.3.39.11
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.4
Combine terms.
Step 2.9.4.1
Multiply the exponents in .
Step 2.9.4.1.1
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 2.9.4.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.4.2
Multiply the exponents in .
Step 2.9.4.2.1
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 2.9.4.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.5
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.6
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.7
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.8
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.9
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.10
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.11
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.12
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.13
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.14
Rewrite as .
Step 2.9.15
Factor out of .
Step 2.9.16
Rewrite as .
Step 2.9.17
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.9.18
Multiply by .
Step 2.9.19
Multiply by .
Step 3
To find the local maximum and minimum values of the function, set the derivative equal to and solve.
Step 4
Step 4.1
Find the first derivative.
Step 4.1.1
Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that is where and .
Step 4.1.2
Differentiate.
Step 4.1.2.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.2.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.4
Simplify the expression.
Step 4.1.2.4.1
Add and .
Step 4.1.2.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.5
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.6
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.2.7
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.8
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.2.9
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.2.10
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.11
Add and .
Step 4.1.3
Simplify.
Step 4.1.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.3.2
Simplify the numerator.
Step 4.1.3.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 4.1.3.2.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3.2.1.2
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 4.1.3.2.1.2.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.3.2.1.2.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.3.2.1.2.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.3.2.1.3
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 4.1.3.2.1.3.1
Simplify each term.
Step 4.1.3.2.1.3.1.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 4.1.3.2.1.3.1.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 4.1.3.2.1.3.1.2.1
Move .
Step 4.1.3.2.1.3.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3.2.1.3.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3.2.1.3.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3.2.1.3.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3.2.1.3.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3.2.1.3.2
Add and .
Step 4.1.3.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 4.1.3.2.3
Add and .
Step 4.1.3.2.4
Add and .
Step 4.1.3.3
Simplify the denominator.
Step 4.1.3.3.1
Factor using the AC method.
Step 4.1.3.3.1.1
Consider the form . Find a pair of integers whose product is and whose sum is . In this case, whose product is and whose sum is .
Step 4.1.3.3.1.2
Write the factored form using these integers.
Step 4.1.3.3.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 4.1.3.4
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.3.5
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.3.6
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.3.7
Rewrite as .
Step 4.1.3.8
Factor out of .
Step 4.1.3.9
Rewrite as .
Step 4.1.3.10
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 4.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5
Step 5.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 5.2
Set the numerator equal to zero.
Step 5.3
Solve the equation for .
Step 5.3.1
Use the quadratic formula to find the solutions.
Step 5.3.2
Substitute the values , , and into the quadratic formula and solve for .
Step 5.3.3
Simplify.
Step 5.3.3.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 5.3.3.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.3.3.1.2
Multiply .
Step 5.3.3.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.3.3.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.3.3.1.3
Add and .
Step 5.3.3.1.4
Rewrite as .
Step 5.3.3.1.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 5.3.3.1.4.2
Rewrite as .
Step 5.3.3.1.5
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 5.3.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.3.3.3
Simplify .
Step 5.3.4
Simplify the expression to solve for the portion of the .
Step 5.3.4.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 5.3.4.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.3.4.1.2
Multiply .
Step 5.3.4.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.3.4.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.3.4.1.3
Add and .
Step 5.3.4.1.4
Rewrite as .
Step 5.3.4.1.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 5.3.4.1.4.2
Rewrite as .
Step 5.3.4.1.5
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 5.3.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.3.4.3
Simplify .
Step 5.3.4.4
Change the to .
Step 5.3.5
Simplify the expression to solve for the portion of the .
Step 5.3.5.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 5.3.5.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.3.5.1.2
Multiply .
Step 5.3.5.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.3.5.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.3.5.1.3
Add and .
Step 5.3.5.1.4
Rewrite as .
Step 5.3.5.1.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 5.3.5.1.4.2
Rewrite as .
Step 5.3.5.1.5
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 5.3.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.3.5.3
Simplify .
Step 5.3.5.4
Change the to .
Step 5.3.6
The final answer is the combination of both solutions.
Step 6
Step 6.1
Set the denominator in equal to to find where the expression is undefined.
Step 6.2
Solve for .
Step 6.2.1
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 6.2.2
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 6.2.2.1
Set equal to .
Step 6.2.2.2
Solve for .
Step 6.2.2.2.1
Set the equal to .
Step 6.2.2.2.2
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 6.2.3
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 6.2.3.1
Set equal to .
Step 6.2.3.2
Solve for .
Step 6.2.3.2.1
Set the equal to .
Step 6.2.3.2.2
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 6.2.4
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 6.3
The equation is undefined where the denominator equals , the argument of a square root is less than , or the argument of a logarithm is less than or equal to .
Step 7
Critical points to evaluate.
Step 8
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 9
Step 9.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 9.1.1
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 9.1.2
Simplify each term.
Step 9.1.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.2.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.2.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.2.5
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.2.6
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.2.6.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 9.1.2.6.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 9.1.2.6.3
Combine and .
Step 9.1.2.6.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 9.1.2.6.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.1.2.6.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.1.2.6.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 9.1.2.7
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.2.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.2.9
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.2.10
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.2.11
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.2.12
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.2.12.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.2.12.2
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.2.13
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 9.1.2.14
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.2.15
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.2.16
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.2.16.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 9.1.2.16.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 9.1.2.16.3
Combine and .
Step 9.1.2.16.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 9.1.2.16.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.2.16.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 9.1.2.16.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.2.16.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.1.2.16.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.1.2.16.4.2.4
Divide by .
Step 9.1.2.17
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.2.18
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.2.19
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.2.20
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.2.21
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.2.21.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.2.21.2
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.2.22
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 9.1.3
Add and .
Step 9.1.4
Add and .
Step 9.1.5
Add and .
Step 9.1.6
Add and .
Step 9.1.7
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 9.1.8
Simplify each term.
Step 9.1.8.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.8.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 9.1.8.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.8.2.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.8.2.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 9.1.8.2.2
Add and .
Step 9.1.8.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.8.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.8.5
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.8.6
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.8.6.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 9.1.8.6.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 9.1.8.6.3
Combine and .
Step 9.1.8.6.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 9.1.8.6.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.1.8.6.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.1.8.6.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 9.1.8.7
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.8.8
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.8.9
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.8.10
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.8.11
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.8.11.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.8.11.2
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.8.12
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 9.1.8.13
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.8.14
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.8.14.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 9.1.8.14.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 9.1.8.14.3
Combine and .
Step 9.1.8.14.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 9.1.8.14.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.8.14.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 9.1.8.14.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.8.14.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.1.8.14.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.1.8.14.4.2.4
Divide by .
Step 9.1.8.15
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.9
Add and .
Step 9.1.10
Add and .
Step 9.1.11
Add and .
Step 9.1.12
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.1.13
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.14
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.15
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 9.1.16
Simplify each term.
Step 9.1.16.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.16.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.16.3
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.16.4
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.16.5
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.16.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 9.1.16.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 9.1.16.5.3
Combine and .
Step 9.1.16.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 9.1.16.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.1.16.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.1.16.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 9.1.16.6
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.16.7
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.16.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.16.9
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.16.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.16.9.2
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.16.10
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 9.1.17
Add and .
Step 9.1.18
Add and .
Step 9.1.19
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.1.20
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.21
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.22
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.23
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 9.1.23.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.1.23.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.1.23.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.1.24
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 9.1.24.1
Simplify each term.
Step 9.1.24.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.24.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 9.1.24.1.3
Combine using the product rule for radicals.
Step 9.1.24.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.24.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.24.1.6
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 9.1.24.2
Add and .
Step 9.1.24.3
Add and .
Step 9.1.25
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.1.26
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.27
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.28
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.1.29
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.30
Subtract from .
Step 9.1.31
Subtract from .
Step 9.1.32
Subtract from .
Step 9.1.33
Subtract from .
Step 9.1.34
Subtract from .
Step 9.1.35
Subtract from .
Step 9.1.36
Subtract from .
Step 9.1.37
Subtract from .
Step 9.1.38
Subtract from .
Step 9.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 9.2.1
Add and .
Step 9.2.2
Add and .
Step 9.3
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 9.4
Simplify terms.
Step 9.4.1
Simplify each term.
Step 9.4.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.4.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.4.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 9.4.1.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.4.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 9.4.1.6
Rewrite as .
Step 9.4.1.6.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 9.4.1.6.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 9.4.1.6.3
Combine and .
Step 9.4.1.6.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 9.4.1.6.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.4.1.6.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.4.1.6.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 9.4.1.7
Multiply by .
Step 9.4.1.8
Multiply by .
Step 9.4.1.9
Rewrite as .
Step 9.4.1.10
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.4.1.11
Rewrite as .
Step 9.4.1.11.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.4.1.11.2
Rewrite as .
Step 9.4.1.12
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 9.4.1.13
Multiply by .
Step 9.4.1.14
Rewrite as .
Step 9.4.1.14.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 9.4.1.14.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 9.4.1.14.3
Combine and .
Step 9.4.1.14.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 9.4.1.14.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.4.1.14.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 9.4.1.14.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.4.1.14.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.4.1.14.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.4.1.14.4.2.4
Divide by .
Step 9.4.1.15
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.4.2
Simplify by adding terms.
Step 9.4.2.1
Add and .
Step 9.4.2.2
Add and .
Step 9.4.2.3
Add and .
Step 9.5
Cancel the common factors.
Step 9.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.5.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.5.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.6
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 9.6.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.6.2
Factor out of .
Step 9.6.3
Factor out of .
Step 9.6.4
Cancel the common factors.
Step 9.6.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.6.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.6.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.7
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 9.8
Simplify terms.
Step 9.8.1
Simplify each term.
Step 9.8.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.8.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.8.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 9.8.1.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.8.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 9.8.1.6
Rewrite as .
Step 9.8.1.6.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 9.8.1.6.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 9.8.1.6.3
Combine and .
Step 9.8.1.6.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 9.8.1.6.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.8.1.6.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.8.1.6.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 9.8.1.7
Multiply by .
Step 9.8.1.8
Multiply by .
Step 9.8.1.9
Rewrite as .
Step 9.8.1.10
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.8.1.11
Rewrite as .
Step 9.8.1.11.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.8.1.11.2
Rewrite as .
Step 9.8.1.12
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 9.8.1.13
Multiply by .
Step 9.8.1.14
Rewrite as .
Step 9.8.1.14.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 9.8.1.14.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 9.8.1.14.3
Combine and .
Step 9.8.1.14.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 9.8.1.14.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.8.1.14.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 9.8.1.14.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.8.1.14.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.8.1.14.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.8.1.14.4.2.4
Divide by .
Step 9.8.1.15
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.8.2
Simplify terms.
Step 9.8.2.1
Add and .
Step 9.8.2.2
Add and .
Step 9.8.2.3
Add and .
Step 9.8.2.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 9.8.2.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.8.2.4.2
Factor out of .
Step 9.8.2.4.3
Factor out of .
Step 9.8.2.4.4
Cancel the common factors.
Step 9.8.2.4.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.8.2.4.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.8.2.4.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.9
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 9.9.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.9.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.9.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.10
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 9.10.1
Simplify each term.
Step 9.10.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.10.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 9.10.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 9.10.1.4
Multiply .
Step 9.10.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.10.1.4.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.10.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.10.1.4.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 9.10.1.4.5
Add and .
Step 9.10.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 9.10.1.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 9.10.1.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 9.10.1.5.3
Combine and .
Step 9.10.1.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 9.10.1.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.10.1.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.10.1.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 9.10.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 9.10.2
Add and .
Step 9.10.3
Add and .
Step 9.11
Multiply by .
Step 9.12
Simplify terms.
Step 9.12.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.12.2
Expand the denominator using the FOIL method.
Step 9.12.3
Simplify.
Step 9.12.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 9.12.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.12.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 9.12.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.12.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.12.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.13
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 9.13.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.13.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.13.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.14
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 9.14.1
Simplify each term.
Step 9.14.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.14.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 9.14.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 9.14.1.4
Multiply .
Step 9.14.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.14.1.4.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.14.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.14.1.4.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 9.14.1.4.5
Add and .
Step 9.14.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 9.14.1.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 9.14.1.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 9.14.1.5.3
Combine and .
Step 9.14.1.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 9.14.1.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.14.1.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.14.1.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 9.14.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 9.14.2
Add and .
Step 9.14.3
Subtract from .
Step 10
is a local maximum because the value of the second derivative is negative. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local maximum
Step 11
Step 11.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 11.2
Simplify the result.
Step 11.2.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 11.2.1.1
Subtract from .
Step 11.2.1.2
Add and .
Step 11.2.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 11.2.2.1
Rewrite as .
Step 11.2.2.2
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 11.2.2.2.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 11.2.2.2.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 11.2.2.2.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 11.2.2.3
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 11.2.2.3.1
Simplify each term.
Step 11.2.2.3.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.2.3.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 11.2.2.3.1.3
Combine using the product rule for radicals.
Step 11.2.2.3.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.2.3.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 11.2.2.3.1.6
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 11.2.2.3.2
Add and .
Step 11.2.2.3.3
Add and .
Step 11.2.2.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 11.2.2.5
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.2.6
Add and .
Step 11.2.2.7
Add and .
Step 11.2.2.8
Add and .
Step 11.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.4
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.5
Expand the denominator using the FOIL method.
Step 11.2.6
Simplify.
Step 11.2.7
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 11.2.7.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.7.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 11.2.7.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.7.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.7.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.8
Apply the distributive property.
Step 11.2.9
Move to the left of .
Step 11.2.10
Multiply .
Step 11.2.10.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.10.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.10.3
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 11.2.10.4
Add and .
Step 11.2.11
Simplify each term.
Step 11.2.11.1
Rewrite as .
Step 11.2.11.1.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 11.2.11.1.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 11.2.11.1.3
Combine and .
Step 11.2.11.1.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 11.2.11.1.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.11.1.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.11.1.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 11.2.11.2
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.12
Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.
Step 11.2.12.1
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 11.2.12.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.12.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.12.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.12.1.4
Cancel the common factors.
Step 11.2.12.1.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.12.1.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.12.1.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.12.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 11.2.13
The final answer is .
Step 12
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 13
Step 13.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 13.1.1
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 13.1.2
Simplify each term.
Step 13.1.2.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.2.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.2.4
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.2.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.2.6
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.2.7
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.1.2.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.2.9
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.2.10
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.2.10.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 13.1.2.10.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 13.1.2.10.3
Combine and .
Step 13.1.2.10.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 13.1.2.10.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.1.2.10.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.1.2.10.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 13.1.2.11
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.2.12
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.2.13
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.2.14
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.1.2.15
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.2.16
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.2.17
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.2.18
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.2.18.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.1.2.18.2
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.2.19
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 13.1.2.20
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.2.21
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.2.22
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.2.23
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.1.2.24
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.2.25
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.2.26
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.2.26.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 13.1.2.26.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 13.1.2.26.3
Combine and .
Step 13.1.2.26.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 13.1.2.26.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.1.2.26.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 13.1.2.26.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.1.2.26.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.1.2.26.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.1.2.26.4.2.4
Divide by .
Step 13.1.2.27
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.2.28
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.2.29
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.1.2.30
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.2.31
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.2.32
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.2.33
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.2.33.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.1.2.33.2
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.2.34
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 13.1.2.35
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.3
Add and .
Step 13.1.4
Add and .
Step 13.1.5
Subtract from .
Step 13.1.6
Subtract from .
Step 13.1.7
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 13.1.8
Simplify each term.
Step 13.1.8.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.8.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 13.1.8.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.8.2.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.8.2.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 13.1.8.2.2
Add and .
Step 13.1.8.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.8.4
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.8.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.8.6
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.8.7
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.1.8.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.8.9
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.8.10
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.8.10.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 13.1.8.10.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 13.1.8.10.3
Combine and .
Step 13.1.8.10.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 13.1.8.10.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.1.8.10.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.1.8.10.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 13.1.8.11
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.8.12
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.8.13
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.1.8.14
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.8.15
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.8.16
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.8.17
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.8.17.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.1.8.17.2
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.8.18
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 13.1.8.19
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.8.20
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.8.21
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.1.8.22
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.8.23
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.8.24
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.8.24.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 13.1.8.24.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 13.1.8.24.3
Combine and .
Step 13.1.8.24.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 13.1.8.24.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.1.8.24.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 13.1.8.24.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.1.8.24.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.1.8.24.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.1.8.24.4.2.4
Divide by .
Step 13.1.8.25
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.9
Add and .
Step 13.1.10
Add and .
Step 13.1.11
Subtract from .
Step 13.1.12
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.1.13
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.14
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.15
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 13.1.16
Simplify each term.
Step 13.1.16.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.16.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.16.3
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.16.4
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.16.5
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.16.6
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.1.16.7
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.16.8
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.16.9
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.16.9.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 13.1.16.9.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 13.1.16.9.3
Combine and .
Step 13.1.16.9.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 13.1.16.9.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.1.16.9.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.1.16.9.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 13.1.16.10
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.16.11
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.1.16.12
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.16.13
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.16.14
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.16.15
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.16.15.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.1.16.15.2
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.16.16
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 13.1.16.17
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.17
Add and .
Step 13.1.18
Subtract from .
Step 13.1.19
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.1.20
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.21
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.22
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.23
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 13.1.23.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.1.23.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.1.23.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.1.24
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 13.1.24.1
Simplify each term.
Step 13.1.24.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.24.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.24.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.24.1.4
Multiply .
Step 13.1.24.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.24.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.24.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.24.1.4.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.24.1.4.5
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 13.1.24.1.4.6
Add and .
Step 13.1.24.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.24.1.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 13.1.24.1.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 13.1.24.1.5.3
Combine and .
Step 13.1.24.1.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 13.1.24.1.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.1.24.1.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.1.24.1.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 13.1.24.2
Add and .
Step 13.1.24.3
Subtract from .
Step 13.1.25
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.1.26
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.27
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.28
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.1.29
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.30
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.31
Subtract from .
Step 13.1.32
Subtract from .
Step 13.1.33
Subtract from .
Step 13.1.34
Subtract from .
Step 13.1.35
Subtract from .
Step 13.1.36
Add and .
Step 13.1.37
Add and .
Step 13.1.38
Add and .
Step 13.1.39
Add and .
Step 13.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 13.2.1
Add and .
Step 13.2.2
Add and .
Step 13.3
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 13.4
Simplify terms.
Step 13.4.1
Simplify each term.
Step 13.4.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.4.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.4.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 13.4.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 13.4.1.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.4.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 13.4.1.7
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.4.1.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.4.1.9
Multiply by .
Step 13.4.1.10
Rewrite as .
Step 13.4.1.10.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 13.4.1.10.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 13.4.1.10.3
Combine and .
Step 13.4.1.10.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 13.4.1.10.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.4.1.10.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.4.1.10.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 13.4.1.11
Multiply by .
Step 13.4.1.12
Multiply by .
Step 13.4.1.13
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.4.1.14
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.4.1.15
Rewrite as .
Step 13.4.1.16
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.4.1.17
Rewrite as .
Step 13.4.1.17.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.4.1.17.2
Rewrite as .
Step 13.4.1.18
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 13.4.1.19
Multiply by .
Step 13.4.1.20
Multiply by .
Step 13.4.1.21
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.4.1.22
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.4.1.23
Multiply by .
Step 13.4.1.24
Rewrite as .
Step 13.4.1.24.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 13.4.1.24.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 13.4.1.24.3
Combine and .
Step 13.4.1.24.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 13.4.1.24.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.4.1.24.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 13.4.1.24.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.4.1.24.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.4.1.24.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.4.1.24.4.2.4
Divide by .
Step 13.4.1.25
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.4.2
Simplify by adding terms.
Step 13.4.2.1
Add and .
Step 13.4.2.2
Add and .
Step 13.4.2.3
Subtract from .
Step 13.5
Cancel the common factors.
Step 13.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.5.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.5.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.6
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 13.6.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.6.2
Factor out of .
Step 13.6.3
Factor out of .
Step 13.6.4
Cancel the common factors.
Step 13.6.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.6.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.6.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.7
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 13.8
Simplify terms.
Step 13.8.1
Simplify each term.
Step 13.8.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.8.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.8.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 13.8.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 13.8.1.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.8.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 13.8.1.7
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.8.1.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.8.1.9
Multiply by .
Step 13.8.1.10
Rewrite as .
Step 13.8.1.10.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 13.8.1.10.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 13.8.1.10.3
Combine and .
Step 13.8.1.10.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 13.8.1.10.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.8.1.10.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.8.1.10.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 13.8.1.11
Multiply by .
Step 13.8.1.12
Multiply by .
Step 13.8.1.13
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.8.1.14
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.8.1.15
Rewrite as .
Step 13.8.1.16
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.8.1.17
Rewrite as .
Step 13.8.1.17.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.8.1.17.2
Rewrite as .
Step 13.8.1.18
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 13.8.1.19
Multiply by .
Step 13.8.1.20
Multiply by .
Step 13.8.1.21
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.8.1.22
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.8.1.23
Multiply by .
Step 13.8.1.24
Rewrite as .
Step 13.8.1.24.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 13.8.1.24.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 13.8.1.24.3
Combine and .
Step 13.8.1.24.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 13.8.1.24.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.8.1.24.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 13.8.1.24.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.8.1.24.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.8.1.24.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.8.1.24.4.2.4
Divide by .
Step 13.8.1.25
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.8.2
Simplify terms.
Step 13.8.2.1
Add and .
Step 13.8.2.2
Add and .
Step 13.8.2.3
Subtract from .
Step 13.8.2.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 13.8.2.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.8.2.4.2
Factor out of .
Step 13.8.2.4.3
Factor out of .
Step 13.8.2.4.4
Cancel the common factors.
Step 13.8.2.4.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.8.2.4.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.8.2.4.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.9
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 13.9.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.9.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.9.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.10
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 13.10.1
Simplify each term.
Step 13.10.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 13.10.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 13.10.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 13.10.1.4
Multiply .
Step 13.10.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 13.10.1.4.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.10.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.10.1.4.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 13.10.1.4.5
Add and .
Step 13.10.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 13.10.1.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 13.10.1.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 13.10.1.5.3
Combine and .
Step 13.10.1.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 13.10.1.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.10.1.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.10.1.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 13.10.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 13.10.2
Add and .
Step 13.10.3
Subtract from .
Step 13.11
Multiply by .
Step 13.12
Simplify terms.
Step 13.12.1
Multiply by .
Step 13.12.2
Expand the denominator using the FOIL method.
Step 13.12.3
Simplify.
Step 13.12.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 13.12.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.12.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 13.12.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.12.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.12.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.13
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 13.13.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.13.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.13.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.14
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 13.14.1
Simplify each term.
Step 13.14.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 13.14.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 13.14.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 13.14.1.4
Multiply .
Step 13.14.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 13.14.1.4.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.14.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.14.1.4.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 13.14.1.4.5
Add and .
Step 13.14.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 13.14.1.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 13.14.1.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 13.14.1.5.3
Combine and .
Step 13.14.1.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 13.14.1.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.14.1.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.14.1.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 13.14.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 13.14.2
Add and .
Step 13.14.3
Add and .
Step 14
is a local minimum because the value of the second derivative is positive. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local minimum
Step 15
Step 15.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 15.2
Simplify the result.
Step 15.2.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 15.2.1.1
Subtract from .
Step 15.2.1.2
Subtract from .
Step 15.2.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 15.2.2.1
Rewrite as .
Step 15.2.2.2
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 15.2.2.2.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 15.2.2.2.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 15.2.2.2.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 15.2.2.3
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 15.2.2.3.1
Simplify each term.
Step 15.2.2.3.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.2.3.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.2.3.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.2.3.1.4
Multiply .
Step 15.2.2.3.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.2.3.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.2.3.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 15.2.2.3.1.4.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 15.2.2.3.1.4.5
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 15.2.2.3.1.4.6
Add and .
Step 15.2.2.3.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 15.2.2.3.1.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 15.2.2.3.1.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 15.2.2.3.1.5.3
Combine and .
Step 15.2.2.3.1.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 15.2.2.3.1.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 15.2.2.3.1.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 15.2.2.3.1.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 15.2.2.3.2
Add and .
Step 15.2.2.3.3
Subtract from .
Step 15.2.2.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 15.2.2.5
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.2.6
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.2.7
Add and .
Step 15.2.2.8
Add and .
Step 15.2.2.9
Subtract from .
Step 15.2.3
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 15.2.4
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.5
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.6
Expand the denominator using the FOIL method.
Step 15.2.7
Simplify.
Step 15.2.8
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 15.2.8.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.8.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 15.2.8.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.8.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 15.2.8.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 15.2.9
Apply the distributive property.
Step 15.2.10
Move to the left of .
Step 15.2.11
Multiply .
Step 15.2.11.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 15.2.11.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 15.2.11.3
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 15.2.11.4
Add and .
Step 15.2.12
Simplify each term.
Step 15.2.12.1
Rewrite as .
Step 15.2.12.1.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 15.2.12.1.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 15.2.12.1.3
Combine and .
Step 15.2.12.1.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 15.2.12.1.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 15.2.12.1.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 15.2.12.1.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 15.2.12.2
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.13
Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.
Step 15.2.13.1
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 15.2.13.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.13.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.13.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.13.1.4
Cancel the common factors.
Step 15.2.13.1.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.13.1.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 15.2.13.1.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 15.2.13.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 15.2.14
The final answer is .
Step 16
These are the local extrema for .
is a local maxima
is a local minima
Step 17