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Calculus Examples
Step 1
Step 1.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 1.2.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 1.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.2.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 1.3
Differentiate.
Step 1.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.3.2
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.3.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.3.4
Rewrite as .
Step 1.3.5
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.3.6
Multiply by .
Step 1.3.7
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.3.8
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.3.9
Multiply by .
Step 2
Step 2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.3
Differentiate.
Step 2.3.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.3.2
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.3.3
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.3.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.3.5
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.3.6
Simplify the expression.
Step 2.3.6.1
Add and .
Step 2.3.6.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.4
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 2.4.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 2.4.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.4.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 2.5
Differentiate.
Step 2.5.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.5.2
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.5.3
Rewrite as .
Step 2.5.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.5.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.6
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.5.7
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.5.8
Multiply by .
Step 2.6
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.7
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.8
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.9
Add and .
Step 2.10
Simplify.
Step 2.10.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.10.2
Combine terms.
Step 2.10.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.3
Reorder terms.
Step 2.10.4
Simplify each term.
Step 2.10.4.1
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 2.10.4.2
Combine and .
Step 2.10.4.3
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.10.4.4
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 2.10.4.5
Simplify the denominator.
Step 2.10.4.5.1
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.5.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.5.3
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
Step 2.10.4.5.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.5.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.5.3.3
Reorder the factors of .
Step 2.10.4.5.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.10.4.5.5
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.10.4.5.5.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.5.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.5.6
Apply the product rule to .
Step 2.10.4.5.7
Apply the product rule to .
Step 2.10.4.5.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.10.4.6
Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.
Step 2.10.4.7
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.8
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 2.10.4.8.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 2.10.4.8.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.8.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.8.4
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.10.4.8.5
Rewrite the expression.
Step 2.10.4.9
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.10
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.11
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.10.4.12
Simplify each term.
Step 2.10.4.12.1
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 2.10.4.12.2
Combine and .
Step 2.10.4.12.3
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.10.4.13
Rewrite as .
Step 2.10.4.14
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 2.10.4.14.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.10.4.14.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.10.4.14.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.10.4.15
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 2.10.4.15.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.10.4.15.1.1
Multiply .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.1.5
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.10.4.15.1.1.5.1
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.10.4.15.1.1.5.2
Add and .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.2
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.2.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 2.10.4.15.1.2.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.2.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.2.4
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.10.4.15.1.2.5
Rewrite the expression.
Step 2.10.4.15.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.4
Move to the left of .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.5
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.10.4.15.1.6
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.6.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 2.10.4.15.1.6.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.6.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.6.4
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.10.4.15.1.6.5
Rewrite the expression.
Step 2.10.4.15.1.7
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.8
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.10.4.15.1.9
Multiply .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.9.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.15.1.9.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.15.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.10.4.16
Simplify each term.
Step 2.10.4.16.1
Multiply .
Step 2.10.4.16.1.1
Combine and .
Step 2.10.4.16.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.16.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.10.4.17
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.10.4.18
Simplify.
Step 2.10.4.18.1
Multiply .
Step 2.10.4.18.1.1
Combine and .
Step 2.10.4.18.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.18.2
Multiply .
Step 2.10.4.18.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.18.2.2
Combine and .
Step 2.10.4.18.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.18.3
Combine and .
Step 2.10.4.19
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 2.10.4.20
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 2.10.4.21
Simplify the denominator.
Step 2.10.4.21.1
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.21.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.21.3
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
Step 2.10.4.21.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.21.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.21.3.3
Reorder the factors of .
Step 2.10.4.21.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.10.4.21.5
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.10.4.21.5.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.21.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.21.6
Apply the product rule to .
Step 2.10.4.21.7
Apply the product rule to .
Step 2.10.4.21.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.10.4.22
Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.
Step 2.10.4.23
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.24
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.25
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.10.4.25.1
Reorder terms.
Step 2.10.4.25.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.25.3
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.25.4
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
Step 2.10.4.25.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.25.4.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.10.4.25.4.2.1
Move .
Step 2.10.4.25.4.2.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.10.4.25.4.2.3
Add and .
Step 2.10.4.25.4.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.25.4.4
Reorder the factors of .
Step 2.10.4.25.5
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.10.4.25.6
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.25.7
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.25.7.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.25.7.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.25.7.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.25.8
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.25.9
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.25.10
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
Step 2.10.4.25.10.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.25.10.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.25.10.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.25.11
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.10.4.25.12
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.10.4.25.12.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.25.12.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.25.12.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.25.12.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.25.12.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.10.4.25.12.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.25.12.4
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.25.12.5
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.10.4.25.12.6
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.25.12.7
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.25.12.8
Reorder terms.
Step 2.10.4.25.12.9
Rewrite in a factored form.
Step 2.10.4.25.12.9.1
Rewrite as .
Step 2.10.4.25.12.9.2
Let . Substitute for all occurrences of .
Step 2.10.4.25.12.9.3
Factor using the perfect square rule.
Step 2.10.4.25.12.9.3.1
Rewrite as .
Step 2.10.4.25.12.9.3.2
Check that the middle term is two times the product of the numbers being squared in the first term and third term.
Step 2.10.4.25.12.9.3.3
Rewrite the polynomial.
Step 2.10.4.25.12.9.3.4
Factor using the perfect square trinomial rule , where and .
Step 2.10.4.25.12.9.4
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 2.10.4.25.13
Combine exponents.
Step 2.10.4.25.13.1
Combine and .
Step 2.10.4.25.13.2
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.4.25.13.3
Combine and .
Step 2.10.4.25.14
Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.
Step 2.10.4.25.14.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.25.14.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.25.14.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.10.4.25.14.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 2.10.4.25.15
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 2.10.4.25.15.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.25.15.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 2.10.4.25.15.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.4.25.15.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.10.4.25.15.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 2.10.4.26
Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.
Step 2.10.4.27
Combine.
Step 2.10.4.28
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.5
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 2.10.6
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
Step 2.10.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.6.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 2.10.6.3
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.10.6.4
Add and .
Step 2.10.7
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 2.10.8
Simplify the numerator.
Step 2.10.8.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.8.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.8.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.8.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.8.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.10.8.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.8.4
Rewrite as .
Step 2.10.8.5
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 2.10.8.5.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.10.8.5.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.10.8.5.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.10.8.6
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 2.10.8.6.1
Simplify each term.
Step 2.10.8.6.1.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 2.10.8.6.1.1.1
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 2.10.8.6.1.1.2
Add and .
Step 2.10.8.6.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 2.10.8.6.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.10.8.6.2
Subtract from .
Step 2.10.8.7
Add and .
Step 2.10.8.8
Add and .
Step 2.10.8.9
Subtract from .
Step 2.10.8.10
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.8.10.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.8.10.2
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.8.10.3
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.9
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 2.10.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.9.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 2.10.9.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 2.10.9.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 2.10.9.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 3
To find the local maximum and minimum values of the function, set the derivative equal to and solve.
Step 4
Step 4.1
Find the first derivative.
Step 4.1.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2
Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that is where and .
Step 4.1.2.1
To apply the Chain Rule, set as .
Step 4.1.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.2.3
Replace all occurrences of with .
Step 4.1.3
Differentiate.
Step 4.1.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3.2
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.3.3
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.3.4
Rewrite as .
Step 4.1.3.5
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.3.6
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3.7
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.3.8
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.3.9
Multiply by .
Step 4.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5
Step 5.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 5.2
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 5.3
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 5.3.1
Set equal to .
Step 5.3.2
Solve for .
Step 5.3.2.1
Simplify .
Step 5.3.2.1.1
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 5.3.2.1.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 5.3.2.1.2.1
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 5.3.2.1.2.2
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 5.3.2.1.2.3
Write each expression with a common denominator of , by multiplying each by an appropriate factor of .
Step 5.3.2.1.2.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.3.2.1.2.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.3.2.1.2.3.3
Reorder the factors of .
Step 5.3.2.1.2.4
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 5.3.2.1.2.5
Simplify the numerator.
Step 5.3.2.1.2.5.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.3.2.1.2.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.3.2.1.2.6
Apply the product rule to .
Step 5.3.2.1.2.7
Apply the product rule to .
Step 5.3.2.1.2.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.3.2.1.3
Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.
Step 5.3.2.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 5.3.2.2
Set the numerator equal to zero.
Step 5.3.2.3
Solve the equation for .
Step 5.3.2.3.1
Divide each term in by and simplify.
Step 5.3.2.3.1.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 5.3.2.3.1.2
Simplify the left side.
Step 5.3.2.3.1.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 5.3.2.3.1.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 5.3.2.3.1.2.1.2
Divide by .
Step 5.3.2.3.1.3
Simplify the right side.
Step 5.3.2.3.1.3.1
Divide by .
Step 5.3.2.3.2
Take the specified root of both sides of the equation to eliminate the exponent on the left side.
Step 5.3.2.3.3
Simplify .
Step 5.3.2.3.3.1
Rewrite as .
Step 5.3.2.3.3.2
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 5.3.2.3.3.3
Plus or minus is .
Step 5.4
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 5.4.1
Set equal to .
Step 5.4.2
Solve for .
Step 5.4.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 5.4.2.1.1
Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule .
Step 5.4.2.1.2
Combine and .
Step 5.4.2.1.3
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 5.4.2.2
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 5.4.2.3
Find the LCD of the terms in the equation.
Step 5.4.2.3.1
Finding the LCD of a list of values is the same as finding the LCM of the denominators of those values.
Step 5.4.2.3.2
Since contains both numbers and variables, there are two steps to find the LCM. Find LCM for the numeric part then find LCM for the variable part .
Step 5.4.2.3.3
The LCM is the smallest positive number that all of the numbers divide into evenly.
1. List the prime factors of each number.
2. Multiply each factor the greatest number of times it occurs in either number.
Step 5.4.2.3.4
The number is not a prime number because it only has one positive factor, which is itself.
Not prime
Step 5.4.2.3.5
has factors of and .
Step 5.4.2.3.6
Multiply by .
Step 5.4.2.3.7
The factors for are , which is multiplied by each other times.
occurs times.
Step 5.4.2.3.8
The LCM of is the result of multiplying all prime factors the greatest number of times they occur in either term.
Step 5.4.2.3.9
Multiply by .
Step 5.4.2.3.10
The LCM for is the numeric part multiplied by the variable part.
Step 5.4.2.4
Multiply each term in by to eliminate the fractions.
Step 5.4.2.4.1
Multiply each term in by .
Step 5.4.2.4.2
Simplify the left side.
Step 5.4.2.4.2.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 5.4.2.4.2.1.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 5.4.2.4.2.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 5.4.2.4.2.1.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 5.4.2.4.2.1.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 5.4.2.4.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.4.2.4.3
Simplify the right side.
Step 5.4.2.4.3.1
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 5.4.2.4.3.1.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 5.4.2.4.3.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 5.4.2.4.3.1.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 5.4.2.4.3.1.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 5.4.2.5
Solve the equation.
Step 5.4.2.5.1
Rewrite the equation as .
Step 5.4.2.5.2
Divide each term in by and simplify.
Step 5.4.2.5.2.1
Divide each term in by .
Step 5.4.2.5.2.2
Simplify the left side.
Step 5.4.2.5.2.2.1
Dividing two negative values results in a positive value.
Step 5.4.2.5.2.2.2
Divide by .
Step 5.4.2.5.2.3
Simplify the right side.
Step 5.4.2.5.2.3.1
Divide by .
Step 5.4.2.5.3
Take the specified root of both sides of the equation to eliminate the exponent on the left side.
Step 5.4.2.5.4
Simplify .
Step 5.4.2.5.4.1
Rewrite as .
Step 5.4.2.5.4.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 5.4.2.5.4.1.2
Rewrite as .
Step 5.4.2.5.4.2
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 5.4.2.5.5
The complete solution is the result of both the positive and negative portions of the solution.
Step 5.4.2.5.5.1
First, use the positive value of the to find the first solution.
Step 5.4.2.5.5.2
Next, use the negative value of the to find the second solution.
Step 5.4.2.5.5.3
The complete solution is the result of both the positive and negative portions of the solution.
Step 5.5
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 5.6
Exclude the solutions that do not make true.
Step 6
Step 6.1
Set the denominator in equal to to find where the expression is undefined.
Step 6.2
Set the base in equal to to find where the expression is undefined.
Step 6.3
Solve for .
Step 6.3.1
Find the LCD of the terms in the equation.
Step 6.3.1.1
Finding the LCD of a list of values is the same as finding the LCM of the denominators of those values.
Step 6.3.1.2
Since contains both numbers and variables, there are two steps to find the LCM. Find LCM for the numeric part then find LCM for the variable part .
Step 6.3.1.3
The LCM is the smallest positive number that all of the numbers divide into evenly.
1. List the prime factors of each number.
2. Multiply each factor the greatest number of times it occurs in either number.
Step 6.3.1.4
The number is not a prime number because it only has one positive factor, which is itself.
Not prime
Step 6.3.1.5
has factors of and .
Step 6.3.1.6
The number is not a prime number because it only has one positive factor, which is itself.
Not prime
Step 6.3.1.7
The LCM of is the result of multiplying all prime factors the greatest number of times they occur in either number.
Step 6.3.1.8
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.1.9
The factor for is itself.
occurs time.
Step 6.3.1.10
The LCM of is the result of multiplying all prime factors the greatest number of times they occur in either term.
Step 6.3.1.11
The LCM for is the numeric part multiplied by the variable part.
Step 6.3.2
Multiply each term in by to eliminate the fractions.
Step 6.3.2.1
Multiply each term in by .
Step 6.3.2.2
Simplify the left side.
Step 6.3.2.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 6.3.2.2.1.1
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 6.3.2.2.1.2
Multiply .
Step 6.3.2.2.1.2.1
Combine and .
Step 6.3.2.2.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.2.2.1.3
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 6.3.2.2.1.3.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 6.3.2.2.1.3.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 6.3.2.2.1.4
Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.
Step 6.3.2.2.1.5
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 6.3.2.2.1.5.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 6.3.2.2.1.5.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 6.3.2.2.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.2.3
Simplify the right side.
Step 6.3.2.3.1
Multiply .
Step 6.3.2.3.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.2.3.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 6.3.3
Solve the equation.
Step 6.3.3.1
Subtract from both sides of the equation.
Step 6.3.3.2
Take the specified root of both sides of the equation to eliminate the exponent on the left side.
Step 6.3.3.3
Simplify .
Step 6.3.3.3.1
Rewrite as .
Step 6.3.3.3.2
Rewrite as .
Step 6.3.3.3.3
Rewrite as .
Step 6.3.3.3.4
Rewrite as .
Step 6.3.3.3.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 6.3.3.3.4.2
Rewrite as .
Step 6.3.3.3.5
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 6.3.3.3.6
Move to the left of .
Step 6.3.3.4
The complete solution is the result of both the positive and negative portions of the solution.
Step 6.3.3.4.1
First, use the positive value of the to find the first solution.
Step 6.3.3.4.2
Next, use the negative value of the to find the second solution.
Step 6.3.3.4.3
The complete solution is the result of both the positive and negative portions of the solution.
Step 6.4
The equation is undefined where the denominator equals , the argument of a square root is less than , or the argument of a logarithm is less than or equal to .
Step 7
Critical points to evaluate.
Step 8
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 9
Step 9.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 9.2.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 9.2.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.2.3
Rewrite as .
Step 9.2.3.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 9.2.3.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 9.2.3.3
Combine and .
Step 9.2.3.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 9.2.3.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.2.3.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.2.3.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 9.2.4
Multiply by .
Step 9.2.5
Add and .
Step 9.2.6
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.3
Simplify the numerator.
Step 9.3.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 9.3.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.3.3
Rewrite as .
Step 9.3.3.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 9.3.3.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 9.3.3.3
Combine and .
Step 9.3.3.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 9.3.3.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.3.3.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.3.3.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 9.3.4
Multiply by .
Step 9.3.5
Subtract from .
Step 9.3.6
Multiply by .
Step 9.4
Reduce the expression by cancelling the common factors.
Step 9.4.1
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 9.4.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.4.1.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 9.4.1.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.4.1.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.4.1.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.4.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 10
is a local maximum because the value of the second derivative is negative. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local maximum
Step 11
Step 11.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 11.2
Simplify the result.
Step 11.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 11.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 11.2.1.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.1.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 11.2.1.1.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.1.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.1.1.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.3
Combine and simplify the denominator.
Step 11.2.1.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.3.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.1.3.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.1.3.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 11.2.1.3.5
Add and .
Step 11.2.1.3.6
Rewrite as .
Step 11.2.1.3.6.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 11.2.1.3.6.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 11.2.1.3.6.3
Combine and .
Step 11.2.1.3.6.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 11.2.1.3.6.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.1.3.6.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.1.3.6.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 11.2.1.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 11.2.1.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 11.2.1.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.1.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.1.5
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 11.2.1.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.5.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 11.2.1.5.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.5.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.1.5.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.2
Simplify terms.
Step 11.2.2.1
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 11.2.2.2
Add and .
Step 11.2.3
Change the sign of the exponent by rewriting the base as its reciprocal.
Step 11.2.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 11.2.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.4.2
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.4.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.4.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.5
Combine and .
Step 11.2.6
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.7
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.8
Combine and simplify the denominator.
Step 11.2.8.1
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.8.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.8.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.8.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 11.2.8.5
Add and .
Step 11.2.8.6
Rewrite as .
Step 11.2.8.6.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 11.2.8.6.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 11.2.8.6.3
Combine and .
Step 11.2.8.6.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 11.2.8.6.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.8.6.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.8.6.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 11.2.9
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 11.2.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.9.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 11.2.9.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.9.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.9.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.10
The final answer is .
Step 12
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 13
Step 13.1
Multiply by .
Step 13.2
Simplify the denominator.
Step 13.2.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.2.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.2.3
Rewrite as .
Step 13.2.3.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 13.2.3.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 13.2.3.3
Combine and .
Step 13.2.3.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 13.2.3.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.2.3.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.2.3.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 13.2.4
Multiply by .
Step 13.2.5
Add and .
Step 13.2.6
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.3
Simplify the numerator.
Step 13.3.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.3.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.3.3
Rewrite as .
Step 13.3.3.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 13.3.3.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 13.3.3.3
Combine and .
Step 13.3.3.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 13.3.3.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.3.3.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.3.3.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 13.3.4
Multiply by .
Step 13.3.5
Subtract from .
Step 13.3.6
Multiply by .
Step 13.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 13.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 13.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 14
is a local minimum because the value of the second derivative is positive. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local minimum
Step 15
Step 15.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 15.2
Simplify the result.
Step 15.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 15.2.1.1
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 15.2.1.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.1.1.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 15.2.1.1.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.1.1.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 15.2.1.1.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 15.2.1.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 15.2.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.1.4
Combine and simplify the denominator.
Step 15.2.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.1.4.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 15.2.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 15.2.1.4.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 15.2.1.4.5
Add and .
Step 15.2.1.4.6
Rewrite as .
Step 15.2.1.4.6.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 15.2.1.4.6.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 15.2.1.4.6.3
Combine and .
Step 15.2.1.4.6.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 15.2.1.4.6.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 15.2.1.4.6.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 15.2.1.4.6.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 15.2.1.5
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 15.2.1.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.1.5.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 15.2.1.5.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.1.5.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 15.2.1.5.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 15.2.1.6
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 15.2.1.6.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.1.6.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 15.2.1.6.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.1.6.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 15.2.1.6.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 15.2.1.7
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 15.2.2
Simplify terms.
Step 15.2.2.1
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 15.2.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 15.2.2.3
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 15.2.3
Change the sign of the exponent by rewriting the base as its reciprocal.
Step 15.2.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 15.2.4.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 15.2.4.2
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.4.3
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.4.4
Cancel the common factor.
Step 15.2.4.5
Rewrite the expression.
Step 15.2.5
Combine and .
Step 15.2.6
Simplify the expression.
Step 15.2.6.1
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.6.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 15.2.7
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.8
Combine and simplify the denominator.
Step 15.2.8.1
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.8.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 15.2.8.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 15.2.8.4
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 15.2.8.5
Add and .
Step 15.2.8.6
Rewrite as .
Step 15.2.8.6.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 15.2.8.6.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 15.2.8.6.3
Combine and .
Step 15.2.8.6.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 15.2.8.6.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 15.2.8.6.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 15.2.8.6.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 15.2.9
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 15.2.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.9.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 15.2.9.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.9.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 15.2.9.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 15.2.10
The final answer is .
Step 16
These are the local extrema for .
is a local maxima
is a local minima
Step 17