Calculus Examples

Find the Local Maxima and Minima f(x)=6x^5-75x^4+300x^3-375x^2-1
Step 1
Find the first derivative of the function.
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Step 1.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2
Evaluate .
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Step 1.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.3
Evaluate .
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Step 1.3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.4
Evaluate .
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Step 1.4.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.4.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.4.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.5
Evaluate .
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Step 1.5.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.5.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.5.3
Multiply by .
Step 1.6
Differentiate using the Constant Rule.
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Step 1.6.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.6.2
Add and .
Step 2
Find the second derivative of the function.
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Step 2.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2
Evaluate .
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Step 2.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.3
Evaluate .
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Step 2.3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.4
Evaluate .
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Step 2.4.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.4.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.4.3
Multiply by .
Step 2.5
Evaluate .
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Step 2.5.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.5.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.5.3
Multiply by .
Step 3
To find the local maximum and minimum values of the function, set the derivative equal to and solve.
Step 4
Find the first derivative.
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Step 4.1
Find the first derivative.
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Step 4.1.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2
Evaluate .
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Step 4.1.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.2.3
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.3
Evaluate .
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Step 4.1.3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.3.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.4
Evaluate .
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Step 4.1.4.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.4.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.4.3
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.5
Evaluate .
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Step 4.1.5.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.5.2
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.5.3
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.6
Differentiate using the Constant Rule.
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Step 4.1.6.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.6.2
Add and .
Step 4.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5
Set the first derivative equal to then solve the equation .
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Step 5.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 5.2
Factor the left side of the equation.
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Step 5.2.1
Factor out of .
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Step 5.2.1.1
Factor out of .
Step 5.2.1.2
Factor out of .
Step 5.2.1.3
Factor out of .
Step 5.2.1.4
Factor out of .
Step 5.2.1.5
Factor out of .
Step 5.2.1.6
Factor out of .
Step 5.2.1.7
Factor out of .
Step 5.2.2
Factor.
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Step 5.2.2.1
Factor using the rational roots test.
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Step 5.2.2.1.1
If a polynomial function has integer coefficients, then every rational zero will have the form where is a factor of the constant and is a factor of the leading coefficient.
Step 5.2.2.1.2
Find every combination of . These are the possible roots of the polynomial function.
Step 5.2.2.1.3
Substitute and simplify the expression. In this case, the expression is equal to so is a root of the polynomial.
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Step 5.2.2.1.3.1
Substitute into the polynomial.
Step 5.2.2.1.3.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.2.2.1.3.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.2.2.1.3.4
Multiply by .
Step 5.2.2.1.3.5
Subtract from .
Step 5.2.2.1.3.6
Multiply by .
Step 5.2.2.1.3.7
Add and .
Step 5.2.2.1.3.8
Subtract from .
Step 5.2.2.1.4
Since is a known root, divide the polynomial by to find the quotient polynomial. This polynomial can then be used to find the remaining roots.
Step 5.2.2.1.5
Divide by .
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Step 5.2.2.1.5.1
Set up the polynomials to be divided. If there is not a term for every exponent, insert one with a value of .
--+-
Step 5.2.2.1.5.2
Divide the highest order term in the dividend by the highest order term in divisor .
--+-
Step 5.2.2.1.5.3
Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.
--+-
+-
Step 5.2.2.1.5.4
The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in
--+-
-+
Step 5.2.2.1.5.5
After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.
--+-
-+
-
Step 5.2.2.1.5.6
Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.
--+-
-+
-+
Step 5.2.2.1.5.7
Divide the highest order term in the dividend by the highest order term in divisor .
-
--+-
-+
-+
Step 5.2.2.1.5.8
Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.
-
--+-
-+
-+
-+
Step 5.2.2.1.5.9
The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in
-
--+-
-+
-+
+-
Step 5.2.2.1.5.10
After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.
-
--+-
-+
-+
+-
+
Step 5.2.2.1.5.11
Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.
-
--+-
-+
-+
+-
+-
Step 5.2.2.1.5.12
Divide the highest order term in the dividend by the highest order term in divisor .
-+
--+-
-+
-+
+-
+-
Step 5.2.2.1.5.13
Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.
-+
--+-
-+
-+
+-
+-
+-
Step 5.2.2.1.5.14
The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in
-+
--+-
-+
-+
+-
+-
-+
Step 5.2.2.1.5.15
After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.
-+
--+-
-+
-+
+-
+-
-+
Step 5.2.2.1.5.16
Since the remander is , the final answer is the quotient.
Step 5.2.2.1.6
Write as a set of factors.
Step 5.2.2.2
Remove unnecessary parentheses.
Step 5.3
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 5.4
Set equal to .
Step 5.5
Set equal to and solve for .
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Step 5.5.1
Set equal to .
Step 5.5.2
Add to both sides of the equation.
Step 5.6
Set equal to and solve for .
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Step 5.6.1
Set equal to .
Step 5.6.2
Solve for .
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Step 5.6.2.1
Use the quadratic formula to find the solutions.
Step 5.6.2.2
Substitute the values , , and into the quadratic formula and solve for .
Step 5.6.2.3
Simplify.
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Step 5.6.2.3.1
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 5.6.2.3.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.6.2.3.1.2
Multiply .
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Step 5.6.2.3.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.6.2.3.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.6.2.3.1.3
Subtract from .
Step 5.6.2.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.6.2.4
Simplify the expression to solve for the portion of the .
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Step 5.6.2.4.1
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 5.6.2.4.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.6.2.4.1.2
Multiply .
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Step 5.6.2.4.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.6.2.4.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.6.2.4.1.3
Subtract from .
Step 5.6.2.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.6.2.4.3
Change the to .
Step 5.6.2.5
Simplify the expression to solve for the portion of the .
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Step 5.6.2.5.1
Simplify the numerator.
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Step 5.6.2.5.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.6.2.5.1.2
Multiply .
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Step 5.6.2.5.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.6.2.5.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.6.2.5.1.3
Subtract from .
Step 5.6.2.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.6.2.5.3
Change the to .
Step 5.6.2.6
The final answer is the combination of both solutions.
Step 5.7
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 6
Find the values where the derivative is undefined.
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Step 6.1
The domain of the expression is all real numbers except where the expression is undefined. In this case, there is no real number that makes the expression undefined.
Step 7
Critical points to evaluate.
Step 8
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 9
Evaluate the second derivative.
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Step 9.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 9.1.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 9.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.3
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 9.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 9.2
Simplify by adding and subtracting.
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Step 9.2.1
Add and .
Step 9.2.2
Add and .
Step 9.2.3
Subtract from .
Step 10
is a local maximum because the value of the second derivative is negative. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local maximum
Step 11
Find the y-value when .
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Step 11.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 11.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 11.2.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 11.2.1.1
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 11.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.3
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 11.2.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.5
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 11.2.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.7
Raising to any positive power yields .
Step 11.2.1.8
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.2
Simplify by adding and subtracting.
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Step 11.2.2.1
Add and .
Step 11.2.2.2
Add and .
Step 11.2.2.3
Add and .
Step 11.2.2.4
Subtract from .
Step 11.2.3
The final answer is .
Step 12
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 13
Evaluate the second derivative.
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Step 13.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 13.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.5
Multiply by .
Step 13.2
Simplify by adding and subtracting.
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Step 13.2.1
Subtract from .
Step 13.2.2
Add and .
Step 13.2.3
Subtract from .
Step 14
is a local minimum because the value of the second derivative is positive. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local minimum
Step 15
Find the y-value when .
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Step 15.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 15.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 15.2.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 15.2.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 15.2.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.1.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 15.2.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.1.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 15.2.1.6
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.1.7
Raise to the power of .
Step 15.2.1.8
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.2
Simplify by adding and subtracting.
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Step 15.2.2.1
Subtract from .
Step 15.2.2.2
Add and .
Step 15.2.2.3
Subtract from .
Step 15.2.2.4
Subtract from .
Step 15.2.3
The final answer is .
Step 16
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 17
Evaluate the second derivative.
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Step 17.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 17.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 17.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 17.1.3
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 17.1.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 17.1.3.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 17.1.3.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 17.1.4
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 17.1.5
Simplify each term.
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Step 17.1.5.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 17.1.5.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 17.1.5.3
Multiply by .
Step 17.1.5.4
Multiply by .
Step 17.1.5.5
Rewrite as .
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Step 17.1.5.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 17.1.5.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 17.1.5.5.3
Combine and .
Step 17.1.5.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 17.1.5.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 17.1.5.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 17.1.5.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 17.1.5.6
Multiply by .
Step 17.1.5.7
Rewrite as .
Step 17.1.5.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 17.1.5.9
Rewrite as .
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Step 17.1.5.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 17.1.5.9.2
Rewrite as .
Step 17.1.5.10
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 17.1.6
Add and .
Step 17.1.7
Add and .
Step 17.1.8
Apply the distributive property.
Step 17.1.9
Multiply by .
Step 17.1.10
Multiply by .
Step 17.1.11
Apply the product rule to .
Step 17.1.12
Raise to the power of .
Step 17.1.13
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 17.1.13.1
Factor out of .
Step 17.1.13.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 17.1.13.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 17.1.14
Rewrite as .
Step 17.1.15
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 17.1.15.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 17.1.15.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 17.1.15.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 17.1.16
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 17.1.16.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 17.1.16.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 17.1.16.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 17.1.16.1.3
Combine using the product rule for radicals.
Step 17.1.16.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 17.1.16.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 17.1.16.1.6
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 17.1.16.2
Add and .
Step 17.1.16.3
Add and .
Step 17.1.17
Apply the distributive property.
Step 17.1.18
Multiply by .
Step 17.1.19
Multiply by .
Step 17.1.20
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 17.1.20.1
Factor out of .
Step 17.1.20.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 17.1.20.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 17.1.21
Apply the distributive property.
Step 17.1.22
Multiply by .
Step 17.2
Simplify by adding terms.
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Step 17.2.1
Subtract from .
Step 17.2.2
Simplify by adding and subtracting.
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Step 17.2.2.1
Add and .
Step 17.2.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 17.2.2.3
Add and .
Step 17.2.3
Subtract from .
Step 17.2.4
Add and .
Step 18
is a local maximum because the value of the second derivative is negative. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local maximum
Step 19
Find the y-value when .
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Step 19.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 19.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 19.2.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 19.2.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 19.2.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.3
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 19.2.1.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.3.2
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.3.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 19.2.1.3.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 19.2.1.4
Combine and .
Step 19.2.1.5
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 19.2.1.6
Simplify each term.
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Step 19.2.1.6.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.6.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 19.2.1.6.2.1
Multiply by .
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Step 19.2.1.6.2.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.6.2.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 19.2.1.6.2.2
Add and .
Step 19.2.1.6.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.6.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.6.5
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.6.6
Rewrite as .
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Step 19.2.1.6.6.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 19.2.1.6.6.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 19.2.1.6.6.3
Combine and .
Step 19.2.1.6.6.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 19.2.1.6.6.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 19.2.1.6.6.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 19.2.1.6.6.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 19.2.1.6.7
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.6.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.6.9
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.6.10
Rewrite as .
Step 19.2.1.6.11
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.6.12
Rewrite as .
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Step 19.2.1.6.12.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.6.12.2
Rewrite as .
Step 19.2.1.6.13
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 19.2.1.6.14
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.6.15
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.6.16
Rewrite as .
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Step 19.2.1.6.16.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 19.2.1.6.16.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 19.2.1.6.16.3
Combine and .
Step 19.2.1.6.16.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 19.2.1.6.16.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.6.16.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 19.2.1.6.16.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.6.16.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 19.2.1.6.16.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 19.2.1.6.16.4.2.4
Divide by .
Step 19.2.1.6.17
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.6.18
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.6.19
Rewrite as .
Step 19.2.1.6.20
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.6.21
Rewrite as .
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Step 19.2.1.6.21.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.6.21.2
Rewrite as .
Step 19.2.1.6.22
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 19.2.1.7
Add and .
Step 19.2.1.8
Add and .
Step 19.2.1.9
Add and .
Step 19.2.1.10
Add and .
Step 19.2.1.11
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 19.2.1.11.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.11.2
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 19.2.1.11.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.11.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 19.2.1.11.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 19.2.1.11.2.4
Divide by .
Step 19.2.1.12
Apply the distributive property.
Step 19.2.1.13
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.14
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.15
Apply the product rule to .
Step 19.2.1.16
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.17
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 19.2.1.18
Simplify each term.
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Step 19.2.1.18.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.18.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.18.3
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.18.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.18.5
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.18.6
Rewrite as .
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Step 19.2.1.18.6.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 19.2.1.18.6.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 19.2.1.18.6.3
Combine and .
Step 19.2.1.18.6.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 19.2.1.18.6.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 19.2.1.18.6.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 19.2.1.18.6.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 19.2.1.18.7
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.18.8
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.18.9
Rewrite as .
Step 19.2.1.18.10
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.18.11
Rewrite as .
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Step 19.2.1.18.11.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.18.11.2
Rewrite as .
Step 19.2.1.18.12
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 19.2.1.18.13
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.18.14
Rewrite as .
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Step 19.2.1.18.14.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 19.2.1.18.14.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 19.2.1.18.14.3
Combine and .
Step 19.2.1.18.14.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 19.2.1.18.14.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.18.14.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 19.2.1.18.14.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.18.14.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 19.2.1.18.14.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 19.2.1.18.14.4.2.4
Divide by .
Step 19.2.1.18.15
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.19
Add and .
Step 19.2.1.20
Add and .
Step 19.2.1.21
Add and .
Step 19.2.1.22
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 19.2.1.22.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.22.2
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.22.3
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.22.4
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 19.2.1.22.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.22.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 19.2.1.22.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 19.2.1.23
Combine and .
Step 19.2.1.24
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 19.2.1.25
Apply the product rule to .
Step 19.2.1.26
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.27
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 19.2.1.27.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.27.2
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.27.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 19.2.1.27.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 19.2.1.28
Combine and .
Step 19.2.1.29
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 19.2.1.30
Simplify each term.
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Step 19.2.1.30.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.30.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.30.3
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.30.4
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.30.5
Rewrite as .
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Step 19.2.1.30.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 19.2.1.30.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 19.2.1.30.5.3
Combine and .
Step 19.2.1.30.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 19.2.1.30.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 19.2.1.30.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 19.2.1.30.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 19.2.1.30.6
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.30.7
Rewrite as .
Step 19.2.1.30.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.30.9
Rewrite as .
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Step 19.2.1.30.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.30.9.2
Rewrite as .
Step 19.2.1.30.10
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 19.2.1.31
Add and .
Step 19.2.1.32
Add and .
Step 19.2.1.33
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 19.2.1.33.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.33.2
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 19.2.1.33.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.33.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 19.2.1.33.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 19.2.1.33.2.4
Divide by .
Step 19.2.1.34
Apply the distributive property.
Step 19.2.1.35
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.36
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.37
Apply the product rule to .
Step 19.2.1.38
Raise to the power of .
Step 19.2.1.39
Rewrite as .
Step 19.2.1.40
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 19.2.1.40.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 19.2.1.40.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 19.2.1.40.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 19.2.1.41
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 19.2.1.41.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 19.2.1.41.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.41.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 19.2.1.41.1.3
Combine using the product rule for radicals.
Step 19.2.1.41.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.1.41.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 19.2.1.41.1.6
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 19.2.1.41.2
Add and .
Step 19.2.1.41.3
Add and .
Step 19.2.1.42
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 19.2.1.42.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.42.2
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.42.3
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.42.4
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 19.2.1.42.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.1.42.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 19.2.1.42.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 19.2.1.43
Combine and .
Step 19.2.1.44
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 19.2.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 19.2.3
Simplify each term.
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Step 19.2.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 19.2.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.3.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 19.2.3.5
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.3.6
Multiply by .
Step 19.2.4
Simplify terms.
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Step 19.2.4.1
Subtract from .
Step 19.2.4.2
Subtract from .
Step 19.2.4.3
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 19.2.4.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.4.3.2
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.4.3.3
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.4.3.4
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 19.2.4.3.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 19.2.4.3.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 19.2.4.3.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 19.2.4.3.4.4
Divide by .
Step 19.2.4.4
Simplify by adding and subtracting.
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Step 19.2.4.4.1
Add and .
Step 19.2.4.4.2
Subtract from .
Step 19.2.4.4.3
Subtract from .
Step 19.2.4.5
Add and .
Step 19.2.4.6
Subtract from .
Step 19.2.5
The final answer is .
Step 20
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 21
Evaluate the second derivative.
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Step 21.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 21.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 21.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 21.1.3
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 21.1.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 21.1.3.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 21.1.3.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 21.1.4
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 21.1.5
Simplify each term.
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Step 21.1.5.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 21.1.5.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 21.1.5.3
Multiply by .
Step 21.1.5.4
Multiply by .
Step 21.1.5.5
Multiply by .
Step 21.1.5.6
Apply the product rule to .
Step 21.1.5.7
Raise to the power of .
Step 21.1.5.8
Multiply by .
Step 21.1.5.9
Rewrite as .
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Step 21.1.5.9.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 21.1.5.9.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 21.1.5.9.3
Combine and .
Step 21.1.5.9.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 21.1.5.9.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 21.1.5.9.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 21.1.5.9.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 21.1.5.10
Multiply by .
Step 21.1.5.11
Apply the product rule to .
Step 21.1.5.12
Raise to the power of .
Step 21.1.5.13
Rewrite as .
Step 21.1.5.14
Raise to the power of .
Step 21.1.5.15
Rewrite as .
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Step 21.1.5.15.1
Factor out of .
Step 21.1.5.15.2
Rewrite as .
Step 21.1.5.16
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 21.1.5.17
Multiply by .
Step 21.1.6
Add and .
Step 21.1.7
Subtract from .
Step 21.1.8
Apply the distributive property.
Step 21.1.9
Multiply by .
Step 21.1.10
Multiply by .
Step 21.1.11
Apply the product rule to .
Step 21.1.12
Raise to the power of .
Step 21.1.13
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 21.1.13.1
Factor out of .
Step 21.1.13.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 21.1.13.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 21.1.14
Rewrite as .
Step 21.1.15
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 21.1.15.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 21.1.15.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 21.1.15.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 21.1.16
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 21.1.16.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 21.1.16.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 21.1.16.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 21.1.16.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 21.1.16.1.4
Multiply .
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Step 21.1.16.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 21.1.16.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 21.1.16.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 21.1.16.1.4.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 21.1.16.1.4.5
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 21.1.16.1.4.6
Add and .
Step 21.1.16.1.5
Rewrite as .
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Step 21.1.16.1.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 21.1.16.1.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 21.1.16.1.5.3
Combine and .
Step 21.1.16.1.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 21.1.16.1.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 21.1.16.1.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 21.1.16.1.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 21.1.16.2
Add and .
Step 21.1.16.3
Subtract from .
Step 21.1.17
Apply the distributive property.
Step 21.1.18
Multiply by .
Step 21.1.19
Multiply by .
Step 21.1.20
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 21.1.20.1
Factor out of .
Step 21.1.20.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 21.1.20.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 21.1.21
Apply the distributive property.
Step 21.1.22
Multiply by .
Step 21.1.23
Multiply by .
Step 21.2
Simplify by adding terms.
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Step 21.2.1
Subtract from .
Step 21.2.2
Simplify by adding and subtracting.
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Step 21.2.2.1
Add and .
Step 21.2.2.2
Subtract from .
Step 21.2.2.3
Subtract from .
Step 21.2.3
Add and .
Step 21.2.4
Subtract from .
Step 22
is a local minimum because the value of the second derivative is positive. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local minimum
Step 23
Find the y-value when .
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Step 23.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 23.2
Simplify the result.
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Step 23.2.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 23.2.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 23.2.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.3
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 23.2.1.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.3.2
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.3.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 23.2.1.3.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 23.2.1.4
Combine and .
Step 23.2.1.5
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 23.2.1.6
Simplify each term.
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Step 23.2.1.6.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.6.2
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
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Step 23.2.1.6.2.1
Multiply by .
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Step 23.2.1.6.2.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.6.2.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 23.2.1.6.2.2
Add and .
Step 23.2.1.6.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.6.4
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.6.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.6.6
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.6.7
Apply the product rule to .
Step 23.2.1.6.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.6.9
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.6.10
Rewrite as .
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Step 23.2.1.6.10.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 23.2.1.6.10.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 23.2.1.6.10.3
Combine and .
Step 23.2.1.6.10.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 23.2.1.6.10.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 23.2.1.6.10.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 23.2.1.6.10.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 23.2.1.6.11
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.6.12
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.6.13
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.6.14
Apply the product rule to .
Step 23.2.1.6.15
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.6.16
Rewrite as .
Step 23.2.1.6.17
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.6.18
Rewrite as .
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Step 23.2.1.6.18.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.6.18.2
Rewrite as .
Step 23.2.1.6.19
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 23.2.1.6.20
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.6.21
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.6.22
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.6.23
Apply the product rule to .
Step 23.2.1.6.24
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.6.25
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.6.26
Rewrite as .
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Step 23.2.1.6.26.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 23.2.1.6.26.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 23.2.1.6.26.3
Combine and .
Step 23.2.1.6.26.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 23.2.1.6.26.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.6.26.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 23.2.1.6.26.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.6.26.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 23.2.1.6.26.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 23.2.1.6.26.4.2.4
Divide by .
Step 23.2.1.6.27
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.6.28
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.6.29
Apply the product rule to .
Step 23.2.1.6.30
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.6.31
Rewrite as .
Step 23.2.1.6.32
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.6.33
Rewrite as .
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Step 23.2.1.6.33.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.6.33.2
Rewrite as .
Step 23.2.1.6.34
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 23.2.1.6.35
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.7
Add and .
Step 23.2.1.8
Add and .
Step 23.2.1.9
Subtract from .
Step 23.2.1.10
Subtract from .
Step 23.2.1.11
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 23.2.1.11.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.11.2
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 23.2.1.11.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.11.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 23.2.1.11.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 23.2.1.11.2.4
Divide by .
Step 23.2.1.12
Apply the distributive property.
Step 23.2.1.13
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.14
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.15
Apply the product rule to .
Step 23.2.1.16
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.17
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 23.2.1.18
Simplify each term.
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Step 23.2.1.18.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.18.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.18.3
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.18.4
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.18.5
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.18.6
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.18.7
Apply the product rule to .
Step 23.2.1.18.8
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.18.9
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.18.10
Rewrite as .
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Step 23.2.1.18.10.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 23.2.1.18.10.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 23.2.1.18.10.3
Combine and .
Step 23.2.1.18.10.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 23.2.1.18.10.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 23.2.1.18.10.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 23.2.1.18.10.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 23.2.1.18.11
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.18.12
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.18.13
Apply the product rule to .
Step 23.2.1.18.14
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.18.15
Rewrite as .
Step 23.2.1.18.16
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.18.17
Rewrite as .
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Step 23.2.1.18.17.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.18.17.2
Rewrite as .
Step 23.2.1.18.18
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 23.2.1.18.19
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.18.20
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.18.21
Apply the product rule to .
Step 23.2.1.18.22
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.18.23
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.18.24
Rewrite as .
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Step 23.2.1.18.24.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 23.2.1.18.24.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 23.2.1.18.24.3
Combine and .
Step 23.2.1.18.24.4
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 23.2.1.18.24.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.18.24.4.2
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 23.2.1.18.24.4.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.18.24.4.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 23.2.1.18.24.4.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 23.2.1.18.24.4.2.4
Divide by .
Step 23.2.1.18.25
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.19
Add and .
Step 23.2.1.20
Add and .
Step 23.2.1.21
Subtract from .
Step 23.2.1.22
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 23.2.1.22.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.22.2
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.22.3
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.22.4
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 23.2.1.22.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.22.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 23.2.1.22.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 23.2.1.23
Combine and .
Step 23.2.1.24
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 23.2.1.25
Apply the product rule to .
Step 23.2.1.26
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.27
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 23.2.1.27.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.27.2
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.27.3
Cancel the common factor.
Step 23.2.1.27.4
Rewrite the expression.
Step 23.2.1.28
Combine and .
Step 23.2.1.29
Use the Binomial Theorem.
Step 23.2.1.30
Simplify each term.
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Step 23.2.1.30.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.30.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.30.3
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.30.4
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.30.5
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.30.6
Apply the product rule to .
Step 23.2.1.30.7
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.30.8
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.30.9
Rewrite as .
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Step 23.2.1.30.9.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 23.2.1.30.9.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 23.2.1.30.9.3
Combine and .
Step 23.2.1.30.9.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 23.2.1.30.9.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 23.2.1.30.9.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 23.2.1.30.9.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 23.2.1.30.10
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.30.11
Apply the product rule to .
Step 23.2.1.30.12
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.30.13
Rewrite as .
Step 23.2.1.30.14
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.30.15
Rewrite as .
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Step 23.2.1.30.15.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.30.15.2
Rewrite as .
Step 23.2.1.30.16
Pull terms out from under the radical.
Step 23.2.1.30.17
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.31
Add and .
Step 23.2.1.32
Subtract from .
Step 23.2.1.33
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 23.2.1.33.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.33.2
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 23.2.1.33.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.33.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 23.2.1.33.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 23.2.1.33.2.4
Divide by .
Step 23.2.1.34
Apply the distributive property.
Step 23.2.1.35
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.36
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.37
Apply the product rule to .
Step 23.2.1.38
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.39
Rewrite as .
Step 23.2.1.40
Expand using the FOIL Method.
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Step 23.2.1.40.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 23.2.1.40.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 23.2.1.40.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 23.2.1.41
Simplify and combine like terms.
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Step 23.2.1.41.1
Simplify each term.
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Step 23.2.1.41.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.41.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.41.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.41.1.4
Multiply .
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Step 23.2.1.41.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.41.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.1.41.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.41.1.4.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 23.2.1.41.1.4.5
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 23.2.1.41.1.4.6
Add and .
Step 23.2.1.41.1.5
Rewrite as .
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Step 23.2.1.41.1.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 23.2.1.41.1.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 23.2.1.41.1.5.3
Combine and .
Step 23.2.1.41.1.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
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Step 23.2.1.41.1.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 23.2.1.41.1.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 23.2.1.41.1.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 23.2.1.41.2
Add and .
Step 23.2.1.41.3
Subtract from .
Step 23.2.1.42
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 23.2.1.42.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.42.2
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.42.3
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.42.4
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 23.2.1.42.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.1.42.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 23.2.1.42.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 23.2.1.43
Combine and .
Step 23.2.1.44
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 23.2.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 23.2.3
Simplify each term.
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Step 23.2.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 23.2.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.3.4
Apply the distributive property.
Step 23.2.3.5
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.3.6
Multiply by .
Step 23.2.4
Simplify terms.
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Step 23.2.4.1
Subtract from .
Step 23.2.4.2
Add and .
Step 23.2.4.3
Cancel the common factor of and .
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Step 23.2.4.3.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.4.3.2
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.4.3.3
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.4.3.4
Cancel the common factors.
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Step 23.2.4.3.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 23.2.4.3.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 23.2.4.3.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 23.2.4.3.4.4
Divide by .
Step 23.2.4.4
Simplify by adding and subtracting.
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Step 23.2.4.4.1
Add and .
Step 23.2.4.4.2
Subtract from .
Step 23.2.4.4.3
Subtract from .
Step 23.2.4.5
Subtract from .
Step 23.2.4.6
Add and .
Step 23.2.5
The final answer is .
Step 24
These are the local extrema for .
is a local maxima
is a local minima
is a local maxima
is a local minima
Step 25