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Calculus Examples
Step 1
Step 1.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2
Evaluate .
Step 1.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.2.2
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 1.2.3
Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that is where =.
Step 1.2.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.3
Evaluate .
Step 1.3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.3.2
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 1.3.3
Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that is where =.
Step 1.3.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 1.3.5
Multiply by .
Step 1.4
Evaluate .
Step 1.4.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 1.4.2
Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that is where =.
Step 1.5
Simplify.
Step 1.5.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.5.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 1.5.3
Combine terms.
Step 1.5.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 1.5.3.2
Add and .
Step 1.5.3.2.1
Move .
Step 1.5.3.2.2
Add and .
Step 1.5.3.3
Subtract from .
Step 1.5.4
Reorder terms.
Step 1.5.5
Reorder factors in .
Step 2
Step 2.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2
Evaluate .
Step 2.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.2.2
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.2.3
Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that is where =.
Step 2.2.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.3
Evaluate .
Step 2.3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.3.2
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 2.3.3
Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that is where =.
Step 2.3.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 2.3.5
Multiply by .
Step 2.4
Evaluate .
Step 2.4.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 2.4.2
Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that is where =.
Step 2.5
Simplify.
Step 2.5.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.5.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 2.5.3
Combine terms.
Step 2.5.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 2.5.3.2
Add and .
Step 2.5.3.2.1
Move .
Step 2.5.3.2.2
Add and .
Step 2.5.3.3
Subtract from .
Step 2.5.4
Reorder terms.
Step 2.5.5
Reorder factors in .
Step 3
To find the local maximum and minimum values of the function, set the derivative equal to and solve.
Step 4
Step 4.1
Find the first derivative.
Step 4.1.1
By the Sum Rule, the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2
Evaluate .
Step 4.1.2.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.2.2
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 4.1.2.3
Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that is where =.
Step 4.1.2.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.3
Evaluate .
Step 4.1.3.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.3.2
Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that is where and .
Step 4.1.3.3
Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that is where =.
Step 4.1.3.4
Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that is where .
Step 4.1.3.5
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.4
Evaluate .
Step 4.1.4.1
Since is constant with respect to , the derivative of with respect to is .
Step 4.1.4.2
Differentiate using the Exponential Rule which states that is where =.
Step 4.1.5
Simplify.
Step 4.1.5.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.5.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 4.1.5.3
Combine terms.
Step 4.1.5.3.1
Multiply by .
Step 4.1.5.3.2
Add and .
Step 4.1.5.3.2.1
Move .
Step 4.1.5.3.2.2
Add and .
Step 4.1.5.3.3
Subtract from .
Step 4.1.5.4
Reorder terms.
Step 4.1.5.5
Reorder factors in .
Step 4.2
The first derivative of with respect to is .
Step 5
Step 5.1
Set the first derivative equal to .
Step 5.2
Factor out of .
Step 5.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 5.2.2
Factor out of .
Step 5.2.3
Factor out of .
Step 5.2.4
Factor out of .
Step 5.2.5
Factor out of .
Step 5.3
If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to , the entire expression will be equal to .
Step 5.4
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 5.4.1
Set equal to .
Step 5.4.2
Solve for .
Step 5.4.2.1
Take the natural logarithm of both sides of the equation to remove the variable from the exponent.
Step 5.4.2.2
The equation cannot be solved because is undefined.
Undefined
Step 5.4.2.3
There is no solution for
No solution
No solution
No solution
Step 5.5
Set equal to and solve for .
Step 5.5.1
Set equal to .
Step 5.5.2
Solve for .
Step 5.5.2.1
Use the quadratic formula to find the solutions.
Step 5.5.2.2
Substitute the values , , and into the quadratic formula and solve for .
Step 5.5.2.3
Simplify.
Step 5.5.2.3.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 5.5.2.3.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.5.2.3.1.2
Multiply .
Step 5.5.2.3.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.5.2.3.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.5.2.3.1.3
Add and .
Step 5.5.2.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.5.2.4
Simplify the expression to solve for the portion of the .
Step 5.5.2.4.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 5.5.2.4.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.5.2.4.1.2
Multiply .
Step 5.5.2.4.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.5.2.4.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.5.2.4.1.3
Add and .
Step 5.5.2.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.5.2.4.3
Change the to .
Step 5.5.2.4.4
Rewrite as .
Step 5.5.2.4.5
Factor out of .
Step 5.5.2.4.6
Factor out of .
Step 5.5.2.4.7
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 5.5.2.5
Simplify the expression to solve for the portion of the .
Step 5.5.2.5.1
Simplify the numerator.
Step 5.5.2.5.1.1
Raise to the power of .
Step 5.5.2.5.1.2
Multiply .
Step 5.5.2.5.1.2.1
Multiply by .
Step 5.5.2.5.1.2.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.5.2.5.1.3
Add and .
Step 5.5.2.5.2
Multiply by .
Step 5.5.2.5.3
Change the to .
Step 5.5.2.5.4
Rewrite as .
Step 5.5.2.5.5
Factor out of .
Step 5.5.2.5.6
Factor out of .
Step 5.5.2.5.7
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 5.5.2.6
The final answer is the combination of both solutions.
Step 5.6
The final solution is all the values that make true.
Step 6
Step 6.1
The domain of the expression is all real numbers except where the expression is undefined. In this case, there is no real number that makes the expression undefined.
Step 7
Critical points to evaluate.
Step 8
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 9
Step 9.1
Simplify each term.
Step 9.1.1
Use the power rule to distribute the exponent.
Step 9.1.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 9.1.1.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 9.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.5
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 9.1.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.5.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.1.5.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.1.6
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.7
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 9.1.7.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.1.7.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.1.7.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.1.8
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 9.1.8.1
Simplify each term.
Step 9.1.8.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.8.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.8.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.8.1.4
Multiply .
Step 9.1.8.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.8.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.8.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.8.1.4.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 9.1.8.1.4.5
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 9.1.8.1.4.6
Add and .
Step 9.1.8.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 9.1.8.1.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 9.1.8.1.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 9.1.8.1.5.3
Combine and .
Step 9.1.8.1.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 9.1.8.1.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.1.8.1.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.1.8.1.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 9.1.8.2
Add and .
Step 9.1.8.3
Subtract from .
Step 9.1.9
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 9.1.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.9.2
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.9.3
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.9.4
Cancel the common factors.
Step 9.1.9.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.9.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.1.9.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.1.10
Combine and .
Step 9.1.11
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 9.1.11.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 9.1.11.2
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.11.3
Factor out of .
Step 9.1.11.4
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.1.11.5
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.1.12
Combine and .
Step 9.1.13
Multiply by .
Step 9.1.14
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 9.1.15
Combine and .
Step 9.1.16
Move to the left of .
Step 9.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 9.3
Simplify each term.
Step 9.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.3.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 9.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 9.3.4
Multiply by .
Step 9.4
Simplify by adding terms.
Step 9.4.1
Subtract from .
Step 9.4.2
Reorder the factors of .
Step 9.4.3
Add and .
Step 9.5
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 9.6
Combine fractions.
Step 9.6.1
Combine and .
Step 9.6.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 9.7
Simplify the numerator.
Step 9.7.1
Multiply by .
Step 9.7.2
Subtract from .
Step 9.7.3
Add and .
Step 9.8
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 9.8.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.8.2
Cancel the common factors.
Step 9.8.2.1
Factor out of .
Step 9.8.2.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 9.8.2.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 9.8.2.4
Divide by .
Step 10
is a local minimum because the value of the second derivative is positive. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local minimum
Step 11
Step 11.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 11.2
Simplify the result.
Step 11.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 11.2.1.1
Use the power rule to distribute the exponent.
Step 11.2.1.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 11.2.1.1.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 11.2.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.1.5
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 11.2.1.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.5.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.1.5.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.1.6
Rewrite as .
Step 11.2.1.7
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 11.2.1.7.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 11.2.1.7.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 11.2.1.7.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 11.2.1.8
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 11.2.1.8.1
Simplify each term.
Step 11.2.1.8.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.8.1.2
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.8.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.8.1.4
Multiply .
Step 11.2.1.8.1.4.1
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.8.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.8.1.4.3
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.1.8.1.4.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 11.2.1.8.1.4.5
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 11.2.1.8.1.4.6
Add and .
Step 11.2.1.8.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 11.2.1.8.1.5.1
Use to rewrite as .
Step 11.2.1.8.1.5.2
Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, .
Step 11.2.1.8.1.5.3
Combine and .
Step 11.2.1.8.1.5.4
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 11.2.1.8.1.5.4.1
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.1.8.1.5.4.2
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.1.8.1.5.5
Evaluate the exponent.
Step 11.2.1.8.2
Add and .
Step 11.2.1.8.3
Subtract from .
Step 11.2.1.9
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 11.2.1.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.9.2
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.9.3
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.9.4
Cancel the common factors.
Step 11.2.1.9.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.9.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.1.9.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.1.10
Combine and .
Step 11.2.1.11
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 11.2.1.11.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 11.2.1.11.2
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.11.3
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.1.11.4
Cancel the common factor.
Step 11.2.1.11.5
Rewrite the expression.
Step 11.2.1.12
Combine and .
Step 11.2.1.13
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.1.14
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 11.2.1.15
Combine and .
Step 11.2.1.16
Move to the left of .
Step 11.2.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 11.2.3
Simplify each term.
Step 11.2.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 11.2.3.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 11.2.3.3
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.3.4
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.4
Simplify by adding terms.
Step 11.2.4.1
Subtract from .
Step 11.2.4.2
Reorder the factors of .
Step 11.2.4.3
Add and .
Step 11.2.5
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 11.2.6
Combine fractions.
Step 11.2.6.1
Combine and .
Step 11.2.6.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 11.2.7
Simplify the numerator.
Step 11.2.7.1
Multiply by .
Step 11.2.7.2
Add and .
Step 11.2.8
Simplify with factoring out.
Step 11.2.8.1
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.8.2
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.8.3
Factor out of .
Step 11.2.8.4
Simplify the expression.
Step 11.2.8.4.1
Rewrite as .
Step 11.2.8.4.2
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 11.2.9
The final answer is .
Step 12
Evaluate the second derivative at . If the second derivative is positive, then this is a local minimum. If it is negative, then this is a local maximum.
Step 13
Step 13.1
Simplify each term.
Step 13.1.1
Use the power rule to distribute the exponent.
Step 13.1.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.1.1.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 13.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 13.1.5
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 13.1.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.1.5.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.1.5.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.1.6
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.7
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 13.1.7.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.1.7.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.1.7.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.1.8
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 13.1.8.1
Simplify each term.
Step 13.1.8.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.8.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 13.1.8.1.3
Combine using the product rule for radicals.
Step 13.1.8.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.8.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 13.1.8.1.6
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 13.1.8.2
Add and .
Step 13.1.8.3
Add and .
Step 13.1.9
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 13.1.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.1.9.2
Factor out of .
Step 13.1.9.3
Factor out of .
Step 13.1.9.4
Cancel the common factors.
Step 13.1.9.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.1.9.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.1.9.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.1.10
Combine and .
Step 13.1.11
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 13.1.12
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 13.1.12.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 13.1.12.2
Factor out of .
Step 13.1.12.3
Factor out of .
Step 13.1.12.4
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.1.12.5
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.1.13
Combine and .
Step 13.1.14
Multiply by .
Step 13.1.15
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 13.1.16
Combine and .
Step 13.1.17
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 13.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 13.3
Simplify each term.
Step 13.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 13.4
Simplify by adding terms.
Step 13.4.1
Subtract from .
Step 13.4.2
Subtract from .
Step 13.5
Simplify each term.
Step 13.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.5.2
Factor out of .
Step 13.5.3
Factor out of .
Step 13.5.4
Cancel the common factors.
Step 13.5.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 13.5.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 13.5.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 13.6
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 13.7
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 13.8
Simplify the numerator.
Step 13.8.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 13.8.1.1
Move .
Step 13.8.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 13.8.1.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 13.8.1.4
Simplify each term.
Step 13.8.1.4.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 13.8.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 13.8.1.5
Subtract from .
Step 13.8.1.6
Add and .
Step 13.8.1.7
Subtract from .
Step 13.8.1.8
Divide by .
Step 13.8.2
Simplify .
Step 13.8.3
Subtract from .
Step 13.8.4
Subtract from .
Step 13.9
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 14
is a local maximum because the value of the second derivative is negative. This is referred to as the second derivative test.
is a local maximum
Step 15
Step 15.1
Replace the variable with in the expression.
Step 15.2
Simplify the result.
Step 15.2.1
Simplify each term.
Step 15.2.1.1
Use the power rule to distribute the exponent.
Step 15.2.1.1.1
Apply the product rule to .
Step 15.2.1.1.2
Apply the product rule to .
Step 15.2.1.2
Raise to the power of .
Step 15.2.1.3
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.1.4
Raise to the power of .
Step 15.2.1.5
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 15.2.1.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.1.5.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 15.2.1.5.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 15.2.1.6
Rewrite as .
Step 15.2.1.7
Expand using the FOIL Method.
Step 15.2.1.7.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 15.2.1.7.2
Apply the distributive property.
Step 15.2.1.7.3
Apply the distributive property.
Step 15.2.1.8
Simplify and combine like terms.
Step 15.2.1.8.1
Simplify each term.
Step 15.2.1.8.1.1
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.1.8.1.2
Move to the left of .
Step 15.2.1.8.1.3
Combine using the product rule for radicals.
Step 15.2.1.8.1.4
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.1.8.1.5
Rewrite as .
Step 15.2.1.8.1.6
Pull terms out from under the radical, assuming positive real numbers.
Step 15.2.1.8.2
Add and .
Step 15.2.1.8.3
Add and .
Step 15.2.1.9
Cancel the common factor of and .
Step 15.2.1.9.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.1.9.2
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.1.9.3
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.1.9.4
Cancel the common factors.
Step 15.2.1.9.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.1.9.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 15.2.1.9.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 15.2.1.10
Combine and .
Step 15.2.1.11
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 15.2.1.12
Cancel the common factor of .
Step 15.2.1.12.1
Move the leading negative in into the numerator.
Step 15.2.1.12.2
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.1.12.3
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.1.12.4
Cancel the common factor.
Step 15.2.1.12.5
Rewrite the expression.
Step 15.2.1.13
Combine and .
Step 15.2.1.14
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.1.15
Move the negative in front of the fraction.
Step 15.2.1.16
Combine and .
Step 15.2.1.17
Move to the denominator using the negative exponent rule .
Step 15.2.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 15.2.3
Simplify each term.
Step 15.2.3.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 15.2.3.2
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.4
Simplify by adding terms.
Step 15.2.4.1
Subtract from .
Step 15.2.4.2
Subtract from .
Step 15.2.5
Simplify each term.
Step 15.2.5.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.5.2
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.5.3
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.5.4
Cancel the common factors.
Step 15.2.5.4.1
Factor out of .
Step 15.2.5.4.2
Cancel the common factor.
Step 15.2.5.4.3
Rewrite the expression.
Step 15.2.6
To write as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by .
Step 15.2.7
Combine fractions.
Step 15.2.7.1
Combine and .
Step 15.2.7.2
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 15.2.8
Simplify the numerator.
Step 15.2.8.1
Multiply by by adding the exponents.
Step 15.2.8.1.1
Move .
Step 15.2.8.1.2
Use the power rule to combine exponents.
Step 15.2.8.1.3
Combine the numerators over the common denominator.
Step 15.2.8.1.4
Simplify each term.
Step 15.2.8.1.4.1
Apply the distributive property.
Step 15.2.8.1.4.2
Multiply by .
Step 15.2.8.1.5
Subtract from .
Step 15.2.8.1.6
Add and .
Step 15.2.8.1.7
Subtract from .
Step 15.2.8.1.8
Divide by .
Step 15.2.8.2
Simplify .
Step 15.2.8.3
Add and .
Step 15.2.9
The final answer is .
Step 16
These are the local extrema for .
is a local minima
is a local maxima
Step 17