Calculus Examples

$y = \frac{\sqrt{x}}{2 + x}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{x}$ as $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 + x}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = 2 + x$ .

$\frac{(2 + x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{\frac{1}{2}}] - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 + x]}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{(2 + x) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 + x]}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 4

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{(2 + x) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 + x]}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 5

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{(2 + x) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 + x]}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 6

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{(2 + x) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 + x]}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 7

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 7.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{(2 + x) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 + x]}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 7.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{(2 + x) (\frac{1}{2} x^{\frac{- 1}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 + x]}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 8

Combine fractions.

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Step 8.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{(2 + x) (\frac{1}{2} x^{- \frac{1}{2}}) - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 + x]}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 8.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{(2 + x) \frac{x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 + x]}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 8.3

Move $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{(2 + x) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 + x]}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 9

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 + x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [2] + \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{(2 + x) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{d}{d x} [2] + \frac{d}{d x} [x])}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 10

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{(2 + x) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [x])}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 11

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{(2 + x) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 12

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{(2 + x) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 13

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(2 + x) \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14

Simplify.

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Step 14.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + x \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 14.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 14.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 14.2.1.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + x \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.1.1.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + x \frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.1.2

Combine $x$ and $\frac{1}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.1.3

Move $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ to the numerator using the negative exponent rule $\frac{1}{b^{n}} = b^{- n}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x \cdot x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.1.4

Multiply $x$ by $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 14.2.1.4.1

Multiply $x$ by $x^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 14.2.1.4.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{1} x^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.1.4.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{1 - \frac{1}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.1.4.2

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{2}{2} - \frac{1}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.1.4.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{2 - 1}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.1.4.4

Subtract $1$ from $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.2

To write $- x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \frac{2}{2}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.3

Combine $- x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2} + \frac{- x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2}{2}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2}{2}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.5

Simplify each term.

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Step 14.2.5.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 14.2.5.1.1

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 2$ .

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Step 14.2.5.1.1.1

Move $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 1 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.5.1.1.2

Multiply by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 - 1 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.5.1.1.3

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $- 1 \cdot 2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 1 \cdot 2)}{2}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.5.1.1.4

Factor $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ out of $x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot 1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- 1 \cdot 2)$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (1 - 1 \cdot 2)}{2}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.5.1.2

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (1 - 2)}{2}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.5.1.3

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot - 1}{2}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.5.2

Move $- 1$ to the left of $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{- 1 \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.2.5.3

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3

Combine terms.

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Step 14.3.1

Multiply $\frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$ by $\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}}{{(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.2

Combine.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} - \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.3

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.4

Cancel the common factor of $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 14.3.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}}} + x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{1 + x^{\frac{1}{2}} (- \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2})}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.5

Combine $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}$ .

$\frac{1 - \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2}}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.6

Multiply $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 14.3.6.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{1 - \frac{x^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}}}{2}}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.6.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{1 - \frac{x^{\frac{1 + 1}{2}}}{2}}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.6.3

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{1 - \frac{x^{\frac{2}{2}}}{2}}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.6.4

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1 - \frac{x^{1}}{2}}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.3.7

Simplify $x^{1}$ .

$\frac{1 - \frac{x}{2}}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.4

Reorder terms.

$\frac{- \frac{x}{2} + 1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.5

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 14.5.1

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{- \frac{x}{2} + \frac{2}{2}}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.5.2

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{- x + 2}{2}}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.6

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$\frac{- x + 2}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.7

Multiply $\frac{- x + 2}{2}$ by $\frac{1}{x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$ .

$\frac{- x + 2}{2 (x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2})}$

Step 14.8

Factor $- 1$ out of $- x$ .

$\frac{- (x) + 2}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.9

Rewrite $2$ as $- 1 (- 2)$ .

$\frac{- (x) - 1 (- 2)}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.10

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (x) - 1 (- 2)$ .

$\frac{- (x - 2)}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.11

Rewrite $- (x - 2)$ as $- 1 (x - 2)$ .

$\frac{- 1 (x - 2)}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$

Step 14.12

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{x - 2}{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}} {(2 + x)}^{2}}$