Calculus Examples

$lim_{x \to 8} \frac{e^{6 x} - e^{3 x}}{e^{2 x} - e^{- 2 x}}$

Step 1

Split the limit using the Limits Quotient Rule on the limit as $x$ approaches $8$ .

$\frac{lim_{x \to 8} e^{6 x} - e^{3 x}}{lim_{x \to 8} e^{2 x} - e^{- 2 x}}$

Step 2

Split the limit using the Sum of Limits Rule on the limit as $x$ approaches $8$ .

$\frac{lim_{x \to 8} e^{6 x} - lim_{x \to 8} e^{3 x}}{lim_{x \to 8} e^{2 x} - e^{- 2 x}}$

Step 3

Move the limit into the exponent.

$\frac{e^{lim_{x \to 8} 6 x} - lim_{x \to 8} e^{3 x}}{lim_{x \to 8} e^{2 x} - e^{- 2 x}}$

Step 4

Move the term $6$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $x$ .

$\frac{e^{6 lim_{x \to 8} x} - lim_{x \to 8} e^{3 x}}{lim_{x \to 8} e^{2 x} - e^{- 2 x}}$

Step 5

Move the limit into the exponent.

$\frac{e^{6 lim_{x \to 8} x} - e^{lim_{x \to 8} 3 x}}{lim_{x \to 8} e^{2 x} - e^{- 2 x}}$

Step 6

Move the term $3$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $x$ .

$\frac{e^{6 lim_{x \to 8} x} - e^{3 lim_{x \to 8} x}}{lim_{x \to 8} e^{2 x} - e^{- 2 x}}$

Step 7

Split the limit using the Sum of Limits Rule on the limit as $x$ approaches $8$ .

$\frac{e^{6 lim_{x \to 8} x} - e^{3 lim_{x \to 8} x}}{lim_{x \to 8} e^{2 x} - lim_{x \to 8} e^{- 2 x}}$

Step 8

Move the limit into the exponent.

$\frac{e^{6 lim_{x \to 8} x} - e^{3 lim_{x \to 8} x}}{e^{lim_{x \to 8} 2 x} - lim_{x \to 8} e^{- 2 x}}$

Step 9

Move the term $2$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $x$ .

$\frac{e^{6 lim_{x \to 8} x} - e^{3 lim_{x \to 8} x}}{e^{2 lim_{x \to 8} x} - lim_{x \to 8} e^{- 2 x}}$

Step 10

Move the limit into the exponent.

$\frac{e^{6 lim_{x \to 8} x} - e^{3 lim_{x \to 8} x}}{e^{2 lim_{x \to 8} x} - e^{lim_{x \to 8} - 2 x}}$

Step 11

Move the term $- 2$ outside of the limit because it is constant with respect to $x$ .

$\frac{e^{6 lim_{x \to 8} x} - e^{3 lim_{x \to 8} x}}{e^{2 lim_{x \to 8} x} - e^{- 2 lim_{x \to 8} x}}$

Step 12

Evaluate the limits by plugging in $8$ for all occurrences of $x$ .

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Step 12.1

Evaluate the limit of $x$ by plugging in $8$ for $x$ .

$\frac{e^{6 \cdot 8} - e^{3 lim_{x \to 8} x}}{e^{2 lim_{x \to 8} x} - e^{- 2 lim_{x \to 8} x}}$

Step 12.2

Evaluate the limit of $x$ by plugging in $8$ for $x$ .

$\frac{e^{6 \cdot 8} - e^{3 \cdot 8}}{e^{2 lim_{x \to 8} x} - e^{- 2 lim_{x \to 8} x}}$

Step 12.3

Evaluate the limit of $x$ by plugging in $8$ for $x$ .

$\frac{e^{6 \cdot 8} - e^{3 \cdot 8}}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 lim_{x \to 8} x}}$

Step 12.4

Evaluate the limit of $x$ by plugging in $8$ for $x$ .

$\frac{e^{6 \cdot 8} - e^{3 \cdot 8}}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13

Simplify the answer.

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Step 13.1

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 13.1.1

Rewrite $e^{6 \cdot 8}$ as ${(e^{2 \cdot 8})}^{3}$ .

$\frac{{(e^{2 \cdot 8})}^{3} - e^{3 \cdot 8}}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.2

Rewrite $e^{3 \cdot 8}$ as ${(e^{8})}^{3}$ .

$\frac{{(e^{2 \cdot 8})}^{3} - {(e^{8})}^{3}}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.3

Since both terms are perfect cubes, factor using the difference of cubes formula, $a^{3} - b^{3} = (a - b) (a^{2} + a b + b^{2})$ where $a = e^{2 \cdot 8}$ and $b = e^{8}$ .

$\frac{(e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{8}) ({(e^{2 \cdot 8})}^{2} + e^{2 \cdot 8} e^{8} + {(e^{8})}^{2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.4

Simplify.

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Step 13.1.4.1

Rewrite $e^{2 \cdot 8}$ as ${(e^{8})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{({(e^{8})}^{2} - e^{8}) ({(e^{2 \cdot 8})}^{2} + e^{2 \cdot 8} e^{8} + {(e^{8})}^{2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.4.2

Rewrite $e^{8}$ as ${(e^{4})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{({(e^{8})}^{2} - {(e^{4})}^{2}) ({(e^{2 \cdot 8})}^{2} + e^{2 \cdot 8} e^{8} + {(e^{8})}^{2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.4.3

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = e^{8}$ and $b = e^{4}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{8} - e^{4}) ({(e^{2 \cdot 8})}^{2} + e^{2 \cdot 8} e^{8} + {(e^{8})}^{2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.4.4

Simplify.

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Step 13.1.4.4.1

Rewrite $e^{8}$ as ${(e^{4})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) ({(e^{4})}^{2} - e^{4}) ({(e^{2 \cdot 8})}^{2} + e^{2 \cdot 8} e^{8} + {(e^{8})}^{2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.4.4.2

Rewrite $e^{4}$ as ${(e^{2})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) ({(e^{4})}^{2} - {(e^{2})}^{2}) ({(e^{2 \cdot 8})}^{2} + e^{2 \cdot 8} e^{8} + {(e^{8})}^{2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.4.4.3

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = e^{4}$ and $b = e^{2}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) ((e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{4} - e^{2})) ({(e^{2 \cdot 8})}^{2} + e^{2 \cdot 8} e^{8} + {(e^{8})}^{2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.4.4.4

Simplify.

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Step 13.1.4.4.4.1

Rewrite $e^{4}$ as ${(e^{2})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) ((e^{4} + e^{2}) ({(e^{2})}^{2} - e^{2})) ({(e^{2 \cdot 8})}^{2} + e^{2 \cdot 8} e^{8} + {(e^{8})}^{2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.4.4.4.2

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = e^{2}$ and $b = e$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) ((e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e)) ({(e^{2 \cdot 8})}^{2} + e^{2 \cdot 8} e^{8} + {(e^{8})}^{2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) ({(e^{2 \cdot 8})}^{2} + e^{2 \cdot 8} e^{8} + {(e^{8})}^{2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.4.5

Combine exponents.

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Step 13.1.4.5.1

Multiply $2$ by $8$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) ({(e^{16})}^{2} + e^{2 \cdot 8} e^{8} + {(e^{8})}^{2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.4.5.2

Multiply $2$ by $8$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) ({(e^{16})}^{2} + e^{16} e^{8} + {(e^{8})}^{2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.4.5.3

Multiply $e^{16}$ by $e^{8}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.1.4.5.3.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) ({(e^{16})}^{2} + e^{16 + 8} + {(e^{8})}^{2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.4.5.3.2

Add $16$ and $8$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) ({(e^{16})}^{2} + e^{24} + {(e^{8})}^{2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.5

Simplify each term.

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Step 13.1.5.1

Multiply the exponents in ${(e^{16})}^{2}$ .

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Step 13.1.5.1.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{16 \cdot 2} + e^{24} + {(e^{8})}^{2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.5.1.2

Multiply $16$ by $2$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + {(e^{8})}^{2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.5.2

Multiply the exponents in ${(e^{8})}^{2}$ .

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Step 13.1.5.2.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{8 \cdot 2})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.1.5.2.2

Multiply $8$ by $2$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{e^{2 \cdot 8} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.2

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 13.2.1

Rewrite $e^{2 \cdot 8}$ as ${(e^{8})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{{(e^{8})}^{2} - e^{- 2 \cdot 8}}$

Step 13.2.2

Rewrite $e^{- 2 \cdot 8}$ as ${(e^{- 1 \cdot 8})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{{(e^{8})}^{2} - {(e^{- 1 \cdot 8})}^{2}}$

Step 13.2.3

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = e^{8}$ and $b = e^{- 1 \cdot 8}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + e^{- 1 \cdot 8}) (e^{8} - e^{- 1 \cdot 8})}$

Step 13.2.4

Simplify.

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Step 13.2.4.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $8$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + e^{- 8}) (e^{8} - e^{- 1 \cdot 8})}$

Step 13.2.4.2

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + \frac{1}{e^{8}}) (e^{8} - e^{- 1 \cdot 8})}$

Step 13.2.4.3

Rewrite $e^{8}$ as ${(e^{4})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + \frac{1}{e^{8}}) ({(e^{4})}^{2} - e^{- 1 \cdot 8})}$

Step 13.2.4.4

Rewrite $e^{- 1 \cdot 8}$ as ${(e^{- 1 \cdot 4})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + \frac{1}{e^{8}}) ({(e^{4})}^{2} - {(e^{- 1 \cdot 4})}^{2})}$

Step 13.2.4.5

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = e^{4}$ and $b = e^{- 1 \cdot 4}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + \frac{1}{e^{8}}) ((e^{4} + e^{- 1 \cdot 4}) (e^{4} - e^{- 1 \cdot 4}))}$

Step 13.2.4.6

Simplify.

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Step 13.2.4.6.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + \frac{1}{e^{8}}) ((e^{4} + e^{- 4}) (e^{4} - e^{- 1 \cdot 4}))}$

Step 13.2.4.6.2

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + \frac{1}{e^{8}}) ((e^{4} + \frac{1}{e^{4}}) (e^{4} - e^{- 1 \cdot 4}))}$

Step 13.2.4.6.3

Rewrite $e^{4}$ as ${(e^{2})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + \frac{1}{e^{8}}) ((e^{4} + \frac{1}{e^{4}}) ({(e^{2})}^{2} - e^{- 1 \cdot 4}))}$

Step 13.2.4.6.4

Rewrite $e^{- 1 \cdot 4}$ as ${(e^{- 1 \cdot 2})}^{2}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + \frac{1}{e^{8}}) ((e^{4} + \frac{1}{e^{4}}) ({(e^{2})}^{2} - {(e^{- 1 \cdot 2})}^{2}))}$

Step 13.2.4.6.5

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = e^{2}$ and $b = e^{- 1 \cdot 2}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + \frac{1}{e^{8}}) ((e^{4} + \frac{1}{e^{4}}) ((e^{2} + e^{- 1 \cdot 2}) (e^{2} - e^{- 1 \cdot 2})))}$

Step 13.2.4.6.6

Simplify.

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Step 13.2.4.6.6.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + \frac{1}{e^{8}}) ((e^{4} + \frac{1}{e^{4}}) ((e^{2} + e^{- 2}) (e^{2} - e^{- 1 \cdot 2})))}$

Step 13.2.4.6.6.2

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + \frac{1}{e^{8}}) ((e^{4} + \frac{1}{e^{4}}) ((e^{2} + \frac{1}{e^{2}}) (e^{2} - e^{- 1 \cdot 2})))}$

Step 13.2.4.6.6.3

Rewrite $e^{- 1 \cdot 2}$ as ${(e^{- 1})}^{2}$ .

Step 13.2.4.6.6.4

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = e$ and $b = e^{- 1}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + \frac{1}{e^{8}}) ((e^{4} + \frac{1}{e^{4}}) ((e^{2} + \frac{1}{e^{2}}) ((e + e^{- 1}) (e - e^{- 1}))))}$

Step 13.2.4.6.6.5

Simplify.

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Step 13.2.4.6.6.5.1

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

Step 13.2.4.6.6.5.2

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + \frac{1}{e^{8}}) ((e^{4} + \frac{1}{e^{4}}) ((e^{2} + \frac{1}{e^{2}}) (e + \frac{1}{e}) (e - \frac{1}{e})))}$

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + \frac{1}{e^{8}}) ((e^{4} + \frac{1}{e^{4}}) (e^{2} + \frac{1}{e^{2}}) (e + \frac{1}{e}) (e - \frac{1}{e}))}$

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(e^{8} + \frac{1}{e^{8}}) (e^{4} + \frac{1}{e^{4}}) (e^{2} + \frac{1}{e^{2}}) (e + \frac{1}{e}) (e - \frac{1}{e})}$

Step 13.2.5

To write $e^{8}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{e^{8}}{e^{8}}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{(\frac{e^{8} e^{8}}{e^{8}} + \frac{1}{e^{8}}) (e^{4} + \frac{1}{e^{4}}) (e^{2} + \frac{1}{e^{2}}) (e + \frac{1}{e}) (e - \frac{1}{e})}$

Step 13.2.6

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{e^{8} e^{8} + 1}{e^{8}} (e^{4} + \frac{1}{e^{4}}) (e^{2} + \frac{1}{e^{2}}) (e + \frac{1}{e}) (e - \frac{1}{e})}$

Step 13.2.7

Multiply $e^{8}$ by $e^{8}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.2.7.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{e^{8 + 8} + 1}{e^{8}} (e^{4} + \frac{1}{e^{4}}) (e^{2} + \frac{1}{e^{2}}) (e + \frac{1}{e}) (e - \frac{1}{e})}$

Step 13.2.7.2

Add $8$ and $8$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{e^{16} + 1}{e^{8}} (e^{4} + \frac{1}{e^{4}}) (e^{2} + \frac{1}{e^{2}}) (e + \frac{1}{e}) (e - \frac{1}{e})}$

Step 13.2.8

To write $e^{4}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{e^{4}}{e^{4}}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{e^{16} + 1}{e^{8}} (\frac{e^{4} e^{4}}{e^{4}} + \frac{1}{e^{4}}) (e^{2} + \frac{1}{e^{2}}) (e + \frac{1}{e}) (e - \frac{1}{e})}$

Step 13.2.9

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{e^{16} + 1}{e^{8}} \cdot \frac{e^{4} e^{4} + 1}{e^{4}} (e^{2} + \frac{1}{e^{2}}) (e + \frac{1}{e}) (e - \frac{1}{e})}$

Step 13.2.10

Multiply $e^{4}$ by $e^{4}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.2.10.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{e^{16} + 1}{e^{8}} \cdot \frac{e^{4 + 4} + 1}{e^{4}} (e^{2} + \frac{1}{e^{2}}) (e + \frac{1}{e}) (e - \frac{1}{e})}$

Step 13.2.10.2

Add $4$ and $4$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{e^{16} + 1}{e^{8}} \cdot \frac{e^{8} + 1}{e^{4}} (e^{2} + \frac{1}{e^{2}}) (e + \frac{1}{e}) (e - \frac{1}{e})}$

Step 13.2.11

To write $e^{2}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{e^{2}}{e^{2}}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{e^{16} + 1}{e^{8}} \cdot \frac{e^{8} + 1}{e^{4}} (\frac{e^{2} e^{2}}{e^{2}} + \frac{1}{e^{2}}) (e + \frac{1}{e}) (e - \frac{1}{e})}$

Step 13.2.12

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{e^{16} + 1}{e^{8}} \cdot \frac{e^{8} + 1}{e^{4}} \frac{e^{2} e^{2} + 1}{e^{2}} (e + \frac{1}{e}) (e - \frac{1}{e})}$

Step 13.2.13

Multiply $e^{2}$ by $e^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.2.13.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{e^{16} + 1}{e^{8}} \cdot \frac{e^{8} + 1}{e^{4}} \frac{e^{2 + 2} + 1}{e^{2}} (e + \frac{1}{e}) (e - \frac{1}{e})}$

Step 13.2.13.2

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{e^{16} + 1}{e^{8}} \cdot \frac{e^{8} + 1}{e^{4}} \frac{e^{4} + 1}{e^{2}} (e + \frac{1}{e}) (e - \frac{1}{e})}$

Step 13.2.14

To write $e$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{e}{e}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{e^{16} + 1}{e^{8}} \cdot \frac{e^{8} + 1}{e^{4}} \frac{e^{4} + 1}{e^{2}} (\frac{e e}{e} + \frac{1}{e}) (e - \frac{1}{e})}$

Step 13.2.15

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{e^{16} + 1}{e^{8}} \cdot \frac{e^{8} + 1}{e^{4}} \frac{e^{4} + 1}{e^{2}} \frac{e e + 1}{e} (e - \frac{1}{e})}$

Step 13.2.16

Multiply $e e$ .

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Step 13.2.16.1

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

Step 13.2.16.2

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

Step 13.2.16.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

Step 13.2.16.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

Step 13.2.17

To write $e$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{e}{e}$ .

Step 13.2.18

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

Step 13.2.19

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 13.2.19.1

Multiply $e e$ .

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Step 13.2.19.1.1

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

Step 13.2.19.1.2

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

Step 13.2.19.1.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

Step 13.2.19.1.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

Step 13.2.19.2

Rewrite $e^{2} - 1$ in a factored form.

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Step 13.2.19.2.1

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

Step 13.2.19.2.2

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = e$ and $b = 1$ .

Step 13.2.20

Combine exponents.

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Step 13.2.20.1

Multiply $\frac{e^{16} + 1}{e^{8}}$ by $\frac{e^{8} + 1}{e^{4}}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1)}{e^{8} e^{4}} \cdot \frac{e^{4} + 1}{e^{2}} \frac{e^{2} + 1}{e} \frac{(e + 1) (e - 1)}{e}}$

Step 13.2.20.2

Multiply $e^{8}$ by $e^{4}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.2.20.2.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1)}{e^{8 + 4}} \cdot \frac{e^{4} + 1}{e^{2}} \frac{e^{2} + 1}{e} \frac{(e + 1) (e - 1)}{e}}$

Step 13.2.20.2.2

Add $8$ and $4$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1)}{e^{12}} \cdot \frac{e^{4} + 1}{e^{2}} \frac{e^{2} + 1}{e} \frac{(e + 1) (e - 1)}{e}}$

Step 13.2.20.3

Multiply $\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1)}{e^{12}}$ by $\frac{e^{4} + 1}{e^{2}}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1)}{e^{12} e^{2}} \cdot \frac{e^{2} + 1}{e} \frac{(e + 1) (e - 1)}{e}}$

Step 13.2.20.4

Multiply $e^{12}$ by $e^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.2.20.4.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1)}{e^{12 + 2}} \cdot \frac{e^{2} + 1}{e} \frac{(e + 1) (e - 1)}{e}}$

Step 13.2.20.4.2

Add $12$ and $2$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1)}{e^{14}} \cdot \frac{e^{2} + 1}{e} \frac{(e + 1) (e - 1)}{e}}$

Step 13.2.20.5

Multiply $\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1)}{e^{14}}$ by $\frac{e^{2} + 1}{e}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1)}{e^{14} e} \cdot \frac{(e + 1) (e - 1)}{e}}$

Step 13.2.20.6

Multiply $e^{14}$ by $e$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.2.20.6.1

Multiply $e^{14}$ by $e$ .

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Step 13.2.20.6.1.1

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1)}{e^{14} e^{1}} \cdot \frac{(e + 1) (e - 1)}{e}}$

Step 13.2.20.6.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1)}{e^{14 + 1}} \cdot \frac{(e + 1) (e - 1)}{e}}$

Step 13.2.20.6.2

Add $14$ and $1$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1)}{e^{15}} \cdot \frac{(e + 1) (e - 1)}{e}}$

Step 13.2.20.7

Multiply $\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1)}{e^{15}}$ by $\frac{(e + 1) (e - 1)}{e}$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) ((e + 1) (e - 1))}{e^{15} e}}$

Step 13.2.20.8

Multiply $e^{15}$ by $e$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.2.20.8.1

Multiply $e^{15}$ by $e$ .

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Step 13.2.20.8.1.1

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) ((e + 1) (e - 1))}{e^{15} e^{1}}}$

Step 13.2.20.8.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) ((e + 1) (e - 1))}{e^{15 + 1}}}$

Step 13.2.20.8.2

Add $15$ and $1$ .

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) ((e + 1) (e - 1))}{e^{16}}}$

Step 13.2.21

Remove unnecessary parentheses.

$\frac{(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})}{\frac{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}{e^{16}}}$

Step 13.3

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.4

Expand $(e^{8} + e^{4}) (e^{4} + e^{2})$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 13.4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$(e^{8} (e^{4} + e^{2}) + e^{4} (e^{4} + e^{2})) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$(e^{8} e^{4} + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{4} (e^{4} + e^{2})) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.4.3

Apply the distributive property.

$(e^{8} e^{4} + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{4} e^{4} + e^{4} e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.5

Simplify each term.

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Step 13.5.1

Multiply $e^{8}$ by $e^{4}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.5.1.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{8 + 4} + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{4} e^{4} + e^{4} e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.5.1.2

Add $8$ and $4$ .

$(e^{12} + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{4} e^{4} + e^{4} e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.5.2

Multiply $e^{8}$ by $e^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.5.2.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{12} + e^{8 + 2} + e^{4} e^{4} + e^{4} e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.5.2.2

Add $8$ and $2$ .

$(e^{12} + e^{10} + e^{4} e^{4} + e^{4} e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.5.3

Multiply $e^{4}$ by $e^{4}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.5.3.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{12} + e^{10} + e^{4 + 4} + e^{4} e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.5.3.2

Add $4$ and $4$ .

$(e^{12} + e^{10} + e^{8} + e^{4} e^{2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.5.4

Multiply $e^{4}$ by $e^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.5.4.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{12} + e^{10} + e^{8} + e^{4 + 2}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.5.4.2

Add $4$ and $2$ .

$(e^{12} + e^{10} + e^{8} + e^{6}) (e^{2} + e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.6

Expand $(e^{12} + e^{10} + e^{8} + e^{6}) (e^{2} + e)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$(e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} e + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} e + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} e + e^{6} e^{2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7

Simplify each term.

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Step 13.7.1

Multiply $e^{12}$ by $e^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.7.1.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{12 + 2} + e^{12} e + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} e + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} e + e^{6} e^{2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.1.2

Add $12$ and $2$ .

$(e^{14} + e^{12} e + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} e + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} e + e^{6} e^{2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.2

Multiply $e^{12}$ by $e$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.7.2.1

Multiply $e^{12}$ by $e$ .

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Step 13.7.2.1.1

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

$(e^{14} + e^{12} e^{1} + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} e + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} e + e^{6} e^{2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.2.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{14} + e^{12 + 1} + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} e + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} e + e^{6} e^{2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.2.2

Add $12$ and $1$ .

$(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} e + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} e + e^{6} e^{2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.3

Multiply $e^{10}$ by $e^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.7.3.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{10 + 2} + e^{10} e + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} e + e^{6} e^{2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.3.2

Add $10$ and $2$ .

$(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{12} + e^{10} e + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} e + e^{6} e^{2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.4

Multiply $e^{10}$ by $e$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.7.4.1

Multiply $e^{10}$ by $e$ .

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Step 13.7.4.1.1

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

$(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{12} + e^{10} e^{1} + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} e + e^{6} e^{2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.4.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{12} + e^{10 + 1} + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} e + e^{6} e^{2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.4.2

Add $10$ and $1$ .

$(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{12} + e^{11} + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} e + e^{6} e^{2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.5

Multiply $e^{8}$ by $e^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.7.5.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{12} + e^{11} + e^{8 + 2} + e^{8} e + e^{6} e^{2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.5.2

Add $8$ and $2$ .

$(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{12} + e^{11} + e^{10} + e^{8} e + e^{6} e^{2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.6

Multiply $e^{8}$ by $e$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.7.6.1

Multiply $e^{8}$ by $e$ .

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Step 13.7.6.1.1

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

$(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{12} + e^{11} + e^{10} + e^{8} e^{1} + e^{6} e^{2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.6.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{12} + e^{11} + e^{10} + e^{8 + 1} + e^{6} e^{2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.6.2

Add $8$ and $1$ .

$(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{12} + e^{11} + e^{10} + e^{9} + e^{6} e^{2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.7

Multiply $e^{6}$ by $e^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.7.7.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{12} + e^{11} + e^{10} + e^{9} + e^{6 + 2} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.7.2

Add $6$ and $2$ .

$(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{12} + e^{11} + e^{10} + e^{9} + e^{8} + e^{6} e) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.8

Multiply $e^{6}$ by $e$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.7.8.1

Multiply $e^{6}$ by $e$ .

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Step 13.7.8.1.1

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

$(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{12} + e^{11} + e^{10} + e^{9} + e^{8} + e^{6} e^{1}) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.8.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{12} + e^{11} + e^{10} + e^{9} + e^{8} + e^{6 + 1}) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.7.8.2

Add $6$ and $1$ .

$(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{12} + e^{11} + e^{10} + e^{9} + e^{8} + e^{7}) (e^{2} - e) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.8

Expand $(e^{14} + e^{13} + e^{12} + e^{11} + e^{10} + e^{9} + e^{8} + e^{7}) (e^{2} - e)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$(e^{14} e^{2} + e^{14} (- e) + e^{13} e^{2} + e^{13} (- e) + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9

Simplify each term.

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Step 13.9.1

Multiply $e^{14}$ by $e^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.9.1.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{14 + 2} + e^{14} (- e) + e^{13} e^{2} + e^{13} (- e) + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.1.2

Add $14$ and $2$ .

$(e^{16} + e^{14} (- e) + e^{13} e^{2} + e^{13} (- e) + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.2

Multiply $e^{14}$ by $e$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.9.2.1

Move $e$ .

$(e^{16} + e e^{14} \cdot - 1 + e^{13} e^{2} + e^{13} (- e) + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.2.2

Multiply $e$ by $e^{14}$ .

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Step 13.9.2.2.1

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

$(e^{16} + e^{1} e^{14} \cdot - 1 + e^{13} e^{2} + e^{13} (- e) + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.2.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{16} + e^{1 + 14} \cdot - 1 + e^{13} e^{2} + e^{13} (- e) + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.2.3

Add $1$ and $14$ .

$(e^{16} + e^{15} \cdot - 1 + e^{13} e^{2} + e^{13} (- e) + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.3

Move $- 1$ to the left of $e^{15}$ .

$(e^{16} - 1 \cdot e^{15} + e^{13} e^{2} + e^{13} (- e) + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.4

Rewrite $- 1 e^{15}$ as $- e^{15}$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{13} e^{2} + e^{13} (- e) + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.5

Multiply $e^{13}$ by $e^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.9.5.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{13 + 2} + e^{13} (- e) + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.5.2

Add $13$ and $2$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} + e^{13} (- e) + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.6

Multiply $e^{13}$ by $e$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.9.6.1

Move $e$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} + e e^{13} \cdot - 1 + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.6.2

Multiply $e$ by $e^{13}$ .

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Step 13.9.6.2.1

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} + e^{1} e^{13} \cdot - 1 + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.6.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} + e^{1 + 13} \cdot - 1 + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.6.3

Add $1$ and $13$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} + e^{14} \cdot - 1 + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.7

Move $- 1$ to the left of $e^{14}$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - 1 \cdot e^{14} + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.8

Rewrite $- 1 e^{14}$ as $- e^{14}$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{12} e^{2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.9

Multiply $e^{12}$ by $e^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.9.9.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{12 + 2} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.9.2

Add $12$ and $2$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} + e^{12} (- e) + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.10

Multiply $e^{12}$ by $e$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.9.10.1

Move $e$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} + e e^{12} \cdot - 1 + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.10.2

Multiply $e$ by $e^{12}$ .

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Step 13.9.10.2.1

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} + e^{1} e^{12} \cdot - 1 + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.10.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} + e^{1 + 12} \cdot - 1 + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.10.3

Add $1$ and $12$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} + e^{13} \cdot - 1 + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.11

Move $- 1$ to the left of $e^{13}$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - 1 \cdot e^{13} + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.12

Rewrite $- 1 e^{13}$ as $- e^{13}$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{11} e^{2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.13

Multiply $e^{11}$ by $e^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.9.13.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{11 + 2} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.13.2

Add $11$ and $2$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} + e^{11} (- e) + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.14

Multiply $e^{11}$ by $e$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.9.14.1

Move $e$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} + e e^{11} \cdot - 1 + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.14.2

Multiply $e$ by $e^{11}$ .

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Step 13.9.14.2.1

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} + e^{1} e^{11} \cdot - 1 + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.14.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} + e^{1 + 11} \cdot - 1 + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.14.3

Add $1$ and $11$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} + e^{12} \cdot - 1 + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.15

Move $- 1$ to the left of $e^{12}$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - 1 \cdot e^{12} + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.16

Rewrite $- 1 e^{12}$ as $- e^{12}$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{10} e^{2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.17

Multiply $e^{10}$ by $e^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.9.17.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{10 + 2} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.17.2

Add $10$ and $2$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} + e^{10} (- e) + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.18

Multiply $e^{10}$ by $e$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.9.18.1

Move $e$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} + e e^{10} \cdot - 1 + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.18.2

Multiply $e$ by $e^{10}$ .

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Step 13.9.18.2.1

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} + e^{1} e^{10} \cdot - 1 + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.18.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} + e^{1 + 10} \cdot - 1 + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.18.3

Add $1$ and $10$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} + e^{11} \cdot - 1 + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.19

Move $- 1$ to the left of $e^{11}$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - 1 \cdot e^{11} + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.20

Rewrite $- 1 e^{11}$ as $- e^{11}$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{9} e^{2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.21

Multiply $e^{9}$ by $e^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.9.21.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{9 + 2} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.21.2

Add $9$ and $2$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} + e^{9} (- e) + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.22

Multiply $e^{9}$ by $e$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.9.22.1

Move $e$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} + e e^{9} \cdot - 1 + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.22.2

Multiply $e$ by $e^{9}$ .

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Step 13.9.22.2.1

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} + e^{1} e^{9} \cdot - 1 + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.22.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} + e^{1 + 9} \cdot - 1 + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.22.3

Add $1$ and $9$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} + e^{10} \cdot - 1 + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.23

Move $- 1$ to the left of $e^{10}$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - 1 \cdot e^{10} + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.24

Rewrite $- 1 e^{10}$ as $- e^{10}$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{8} e^{2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.25

Multiply $e^{8}$ by $e^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.9.25.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{8 + 2} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.25.2

Add $8$ and $2$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} + e^{8} (- e) + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.26

Multiply $e^{8}$ by $e$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.9.26.1

Move $e$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} + e e^{8} \cdot - 1 + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.26.2

Multiply $e$ by $e^{8}$ .

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Step 13.9.26.2.1

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} + e^{1} e^{8} \cdot - 1 + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.26.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} + e^{1 + 8} \cdot - 1 + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.26.3

Add $1$ and $8$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} + e^{9} \cdot - 1 + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.27

Move $- 1$ to the left of $e^{9}$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - 1 \cdot e^{9} + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.28

Rewrite $- 1 e^{9}$ as $- e^{9}$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{7} e^{2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.29

Multiply $e^{7}$ by $e^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.9.29.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{7 + 2} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.29.2

Add $7$ and $2$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} + e^{7} (- e)) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.30

Multiply $e^{7}$ by $e$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.9.30.1

Move $e$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} + e e^{7} \cdot - 1) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.30.2

Multiply $e$ by $e^{7}$ .

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Step 13.9.30.2.1

Raise $e$ to the power of $1$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} + e^{1} e^{7} \cdot - 1) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.30.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} + e^{1 + 7} \cdot - 1) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.30.3

Add $1$ and $7$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} + e^{8} \cdot - 1) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.31

Move $- 1$ to the left of $e^{8}$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} - 1 \cdot e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.9.32

Rewrite $- 1 e^{8}$ as $- e^{8}$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{15} + e^{15} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} - e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.10

Add $- e^{15}$ and $e^{15}$ .

$(e^{16} + 0 - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} - e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.11

Add $e^{16}$ and $0$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{14} + e^{14} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} - e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.12

Add $- e^{14}$ and $e^{14}$ .

$(e^{16} + 0 - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} - e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.13

Add $e^{16}$ and $0$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{13} + e^{13} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} - e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.14

Add $- e^{13}$ and $e^{13}$ .

$(e^{16} + 0 - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} - e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.15

Add $e^{16}$ and $0$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{12} + e^{12} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} - e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.16

Add $- e^{12}$ and $e^{12}$ .

$(e^{16} + 0 - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} - e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.17

Add $e^{16}$ and $0$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{11} + e^{11} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} - e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.18

Add $- e^{11}$ and $e^{11}$ .

$(e^{16} + 0 - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} - e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.19

Add $e^{16}$ and $0$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{10} + e^{10} - e^{9} + e^{9} - e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.20

Add $- e^{10}$ and $e^{10}$ .

$(e^{16} + 0 - e^{9} + e^{9} - e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.21

Add $e^{16}$ and $0$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{9} + e^{9} - e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.22

Add $- e^{9}$ and $e^{9}$ .

$(e^{16} + 0 - e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.23

Add $e^{16}$ and $0$ .

$(e^{16} - e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.24

Expand $(e^{16} - e^{8}) (e^{32} + e^{24} + e^{16})$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$(e^{16} e^{32} + e^{16} e^{24} + e^{16} e^{16} - e^{8} e^{32} - e^{8} e^{24} - e^{8} e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.25

Simplify each term.

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Step 13.25.1

Multiply $e^{16}$ by $e^{32}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.25.1.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{16 + 32} + e^{16} e^{24} + e^{16} e^{16} - e^{8} e^{32} - e^{8} e^{24} - e^{8} e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.25.1.2

Add $16$ and $32$ .

$(e^{48} + e^{16} e^{24} + e^{16} e^{16} - e^{8} e^{32} - e^{8} e^{24} - e^{8} e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.25.2

Multiply $e^{16}$ by $e^{24}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.25.2.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{48} + e^{16 + 24} + e^{16} e^{16} - e^{8} e^{32} - e^{8} e^{24} - e^{8} e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.25.2.2

Add $16$ and $24$ .

$(e^{48} + e^{40} + e^{16} e^{16} - e^{8} e^{32} - e^{8} e^{24} - e^{8} e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.25.3

Multiply $e^{16}$ by $e^{16}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.25.3.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{48} + e^{40} + e^{16 + 16} - e^{8} e^{32} - e^{8} e^{24} - e^{8} e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.25.3.2

Add $16$ and $16$ .

$(e^{48} + e^{40} + e^{32} - e^{8} e^{32} - e^{8} e^{24} - e^{8} e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.25.4

Multiply $e^{8}$ by $e^{32}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.25.4.1

Move $e^{32}$ .

$(e^{48} + e^{40} + e^{32} - (e^{32} e^{8}) - e^{8} e^{24} - e^{8} e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.25.4.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{48} + e^{40} + e^{32} - e^{32 + 8} - e^{8} e^{24} - e^{8} e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.25.4.3

Add $32$ and $8$ .

$(e^{48} + e^{40} + e^{32} - e^{40} - e^{8} e^{24} - e^{8} e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.25.5

Multiply $e^{8}$ by $e^{24}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.25.5.1

Move $e^{24}$ .

$(e^{48} + e^{40} + e^{32} - e^{40} - (e^{24} e^{8}) - e^{8} e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.25.5.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{48} + e^{40} + e^{32} - e^{40} - e^{24 + 8} - e^{8} e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.25.5.3

Add $24$ and $8$ .

$(e^{48} + e^{40} + e^{32} - e^{40} - e^{32} - e^{8} e^{16}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.25.6

Multiply $e^{8}$ by $e^{16}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.25.6.1

Move $e^{16}$ .

$(e^{48} + e^{40} + e^{32} - e^{40} - e^{32} - (e^{16} e^{8})) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.25.6.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(e^{48} + e^{40} + e^{32} - e^{40} - e^{32} - e^{16 + 8}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.25.6.3

Add $16$ and $8$ .

$(e^{48} + e^{40} + e^{32} - e^{40} - e^{32} - e^{24}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.26

Subtract $e^{40}$ from $e^{40}$ .

$(e^{48} + e^{32} + 0 - e^{32} - e^{24}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.27

Add $e^{48}$ and $0$ .

$(e^{48} + e^{32} - e^{32} - e^{24}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.28

Subtract $e^{32}$ from $e^{32}$ .

$(e^{48} + 0 - e^{24}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.29

Add $e^{48}$ and $0$ .

$(e^{48} - e^{24}) \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.30

Apply the distributive property.

$e^{48} \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)} - e^{24} \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.31

Multiply $e^{48} \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$ .

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Step 13.31.1

Combine $e^{48}$ and $\frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$ .

$\frac{e^{48} e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)} - e^{24} \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.31.2

Multiply $e^{48}$ by $e^{16}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.31.2.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{e^{48 + 16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)} - e^{24} \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.31.2.2

Add $48$ and $16$ .

$\frac{e^{64}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)} - e^{24} \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.32

Multiply $- e^{24} \frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$ .

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Step 13.32.1

Combine $\frac{e^{16}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$ and $e^{24}$ .

$\frac{e^{64}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)} - \frac{e^{16} e^{24}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.32.2

Multiply $e^{16}$ by $e^{24}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 13.32.2.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{e^{64}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)} - \frac{e^{16 + 24}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 13.32.2.2

Add $16$ and $24$ .

$\frac{e^{64}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)} - \frac{e^{40}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Step 14

The result can be shown in multiple forms.

Exact Form:

$\frac{e^{64}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)} - \frac{e^{40}}{(e^{16} + 1) (e^{8} + 1) (e^{4} + 1) (e^{2} + 1) (e + 1) (e - 1)}$

Decimal Form:

$78962960179700.6$