Calculus Examples

$y = \frac{| x |}{\sqrt{2 - x^{2}}}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{2 - x^{2}}$ as ${(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{| x |}{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = | x |$ and $g (x) = {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [| x |] - | x | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{({(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}}$

Step 3

Multiply the exponents in ${({(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}$ .

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Step 3.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [| x |] - | x | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 3.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 3.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [| x |] - | x | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}}$

Step 3.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [| x |] - | x | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{{(2 - x^{2})}^{1}}$

Step 4

Simplify.

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [| x |] - | x | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{2 - x^{2}}$

Step 5

The derivative of $| x |$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{x}{| x |}$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{x}{| x |} - | x | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{2 - x^{2}}$

Step 6

Combine ${(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\frac{x}{| x |}$ .

$\frac{\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x}{| x |} - | x | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{2 - x^{2}}$

Step 7

Multiply $\frac{\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x}{| x |} - | x | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{2 - x^{2}}$ by $\frac{| x |}{| x |}$ .

$\frac{| x |}{| x |} \cdot \frac{\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x}{| x |} - | x | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{2 - x^{2}}$

Step 8

Combine.

$\frac{| x | (\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x}{| x |} - | x | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 9

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{| x | \frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x}{| x |} + | x | (- | x | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 10

Cancel the common factor of $| x |$ .

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Step 10.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{| x | \frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x}{| x |} + | x | (- | x | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 10.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x + | x | (- | x | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 11

To multiply absolute values, multiply the terms inside each absolute value.

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - | x \cdot x | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 12

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - | x^{1} x | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 13

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - | x^{1} x^{1} | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 14

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - | x^{1 + 1} | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 15

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - | x^{2} | \frac{d}{d x} [{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}]}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 16

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = 2 - x^{2}$ .

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Step 16.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $2 - x^{2}$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - | x^{2} | (\frac{d}{d u} [u^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [2 - x^{2}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 16.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - | x^{2} | (\frac{1}{2} u^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [2 - x^{2}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 16.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $2 - x^{2}$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - | x^{2} | (\frac{1}{2} {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [2 - x^{2}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 17

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - | x^{2} | (\frac{1}{2} {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 - x^{2}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 18

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - | x^{2} | (\frac{1}{2} {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 - x^{2}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 19

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - | x^{2} | (\frac{1}{2} {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 - x^{2}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 20

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 20.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - | x^{2} | (\frac{1}{2} {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 - x^{2}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 20.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - | x^{2} | (\frac{1}{2} {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 - x^{2}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 21

Combine fractions.

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Step 21.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - | x^{2} | (\frac{1}{2} {(2 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 - x^{2}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 21.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(2 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - | x^{2} | (\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [2 - x^{2}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 21.3

Move ${(2 - x^{2})}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - | x^{2} | (\frac{1}{2 {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 - x^{2}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 21.4

Combine $\frac{1}{2 {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $| x^{2} |$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - \frac{| x^{2} |}{2 {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [2 - x^{2}]}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 22

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $2 - x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [2] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}]$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - \frac{| x^{2} |}{2 {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{d}{d x} [2] + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 23

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - \frac{| x^{2} |}{2 {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 24

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}]$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - \frac{| x^{2} |}{2 {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [- x^{2}]}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 25

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $- \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x - \frac{| x^{2} |}{2 {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (- \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 26

Multiply.

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Step 26.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x + 1 \frac{| x^{2} |}{2 {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 26.2

Multiply $\frac{| x^{2} |}{2 {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x + \frac{| x^{2} |}{2 {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 27

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x + \frac{| x^{2} |}{2 {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (2 x)}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 28

Simplify terms.

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Step 28.1

Combine $2$ and $\frac{| x^{2} |}{2 {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x + \frac{2 | x^{2} |}{2 {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}} x}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 28.2

Combine $\frac{2 | x^{2} |}{2 {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $x$ .

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x + \frac{2 | x^{2} | x}{2 {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 28.3

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x + \frac{2 | x^{2} | x}{2 {(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 28.4

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}} x + \frac{| x^{2} | x}{{(2 - x^{2})}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 28.5

Reorder $2$ and $- x^{2}$ .

$\frac{x {(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + \frac{x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 29

To write $x {(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x {(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + \frac{x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 30

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{x {(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 31

Multiply ${(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by ${(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 31.1

Move ${(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x ({(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} {(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}) + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 31.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{\frac{x {(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 31.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{\frac{x {(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1 + 1}{2}} + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 31.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x {(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{2}{2}} + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 31.5

Divide $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{\frac{x {(- x^{2} + 2)}^{1} + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 32

Simplify $x {(- x^{2} + 2)}^{1}$ .

$\frac{\frac{x (- x^{2} + 2) + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 33

Rewrite $\frac{\frac{x (- x^{2} + 2) + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$ as a product.

$\frac{x (- x^{2} + 2) + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{1}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$

Step 34

Multiply $\frac{x (- x^{2} + 2) + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ by $\frac{1}{| x | (2 - x^{2})}$ .

$\frac{x (- x^{2} + 2) + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (| x | (2 - x^{2}))}$

Step 35

Reorder terms.

$\frac{x (- x^{2} + 2) + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (| x | (- x^{2} + 2))}$

Step 36

Multiply ${(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ by $- x^{2} + 2$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 36.1

Move $- x^{2} + 2$ .

$\frac{x (- x^{2} + 2) + x | x^{2} |}{(- x^{2} + 2) {(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} | x |}$

Step 36.2

Multiply $- x^{2} + 2$ by ${(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

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Step 36.2.1

Raise $- x^{2} + 2$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{x (- x^{2} + 2) + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{1} {(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} | x |}$

Step 36.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{x (- x^{2} + 2) + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{1 + \frac{1}{2}} | x |}$

Step 36.3

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$\frac{x (- x^{2} + 2) + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{2}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} | x |}$

Step 36.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{x (- x^{2} + 2) + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{2 + 1}{2}} | x |}$

Step 36.5

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$\frac{x (- x^{2} + 2) + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} | x |}$

Step 37

Simplify.

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Step 37.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{x (- x^{2}) + x \cdot 2 + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} | x |}$

Step 37.2

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 37.2.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 37.2.1.1

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{- x \cdot x^{2} + x \cdot 2 + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} | x |}$

Step 37.2.1.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 37.2.1.2.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{- (x^{2} x) + x \cdot 2 + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} | x |}$

Step 37.2.1.2.2

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ .

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Step 37.2.1.2.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- (x^{2} x^{1}) + x \cdot 2 + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} | x |}$

Step 37.2.1.2.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- x^{2 + 1} + x \cdot 2 + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} | x |}$

Step 37.2.1.2.3

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$\frac{- x^{3} + x \cdot 2 + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} | x |}$

Step 37.2.1.3

Move $2$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{- x^{3} + 2 \cdot x + x | x^{2} |}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} | x |}$

Step 37.2.1.4

Remove non-negative terms from the absolute value.

$\frac{- x^{3} + 2 x + x \cdot x^{2}}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} | x |}$

Step 37.2.1.5

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 37.2.1.5.1

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 37.2.1.5.1.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- x^{3} + 2 x + x^{1} x^{2}}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} | x |}$

Step 37.2.1.5.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- x^{3} + 2 x + x^{1 + 2}}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} | x |}$

Step 37.2.1.5.2

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{- x^{3} + 2 x + x^{3}}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} | x |}$

Step 37.2.2

Combine the opposite terms in $- x^{3} + 2 x + x^{3}$ .

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Step 37.2.2.1

Add $- x^{3}$ and $x^{3}$ .

$\frac{2 x + 0}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} | x |}$

Step 37.2.2.2

Add $2 x$ and $0$ .

$\frac{2 x}{{(- x^{2} + 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} | x |}$