Calculus Examples

$4 x \sec (x)$

Step 1

Find the first derivative.

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Step 1.1

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $4 x \sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $4 \frac{d}{d x} [x \sec (x)]$ .

$4 \frac{d}{d x} [x \sec (x)]$

Step 1.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = \sec (x)$ .

$4 (x \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)] + \sec (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 1.3

The derivative of $\sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec (x) \tan (x)$ .

$4 (x (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 1.4

Differentiate using the Power Rule.

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Step 1.4.1

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$4 (x (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) \cdot 1)$

Step 1.4.2

Multiply $\sec (x)$ by $1$ .

$4 (x (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x))$

Step 1.5

Simplify.

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Step 1.5.1

Apply the distributive property.

$4 (x (\sec (x) \tan (x))) + 4 \sec (x)$

Step 1.5.2

Reorder terms.

$f' (x) = 4 x \sec (x) \tan (x) + 4 \sec (x)$

Step 2

Find the second derivative.

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Step 2.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $4 x \sec (x) \tan (x) + 4 \sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [4 x \sec (x) \tan (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sec (x)]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [4 x \sec (x) \tan (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sec (x)]$

Step 2.2

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [4 x \sec (x) \tan (x)]$ .

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Step 2.2.1

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $4 x \sec (x) \tan (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $4 \frac{d}{d x} [x \sec (x) \tan (x)]$ .

$4 \frac{d}{d x} [x \sec (x) \tan (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sec (x)]$

Step 2.2.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x \sec (x)$ and $g (x) = \tan (x)$ .

$4 (x \sec (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)] + \tan (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x \sec (x)]) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sec (x)]$

Step 2.2.3

The derivative of $\tan (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec^{2} (x)$ .

$4 (x \sec (x) \sec^{2} (x) + \tan (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x \sec (x)]) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sec (x)]$

Step 2.2.4

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = \sec (x)$ .

$4 (x \sec (x) \sec^{2} (x) + \tan (x) (x \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)] + \sec (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sec (x)]$

Step 2.2.5

The derivative of $\sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec (x) \tan (x)$ .

$4 (x \sec (x) \sec^{2} (x) + \tan (x) (x (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sec (x)]$

Step 2.2.6

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$4 (x \sec (x) \sec^{2} (x) + \tan (x) (x (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sec (x)]$

Step 2.2.7

Multiply $\sec (x)$ by $\sec^{2} (x)$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.2.7.1

Move $\sec^{2} (x)$ .

$4 (x (\sec^{2} (x) \sec (x)) + \tan (x) (x (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sec (x)]$

Step 2.2.7.2

Multiply $\sec^{2} (x)$ by $\sec (x)$ .

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Step 2.2.7.2.1

Raise $\sec (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$4 (x (\sec^{2} (x) \sec^{1} (x)) + \tan (x) (x (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sec (x)]$

Step 2.2.7.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$4 (x {\sec (x)}^{2 + 1} + \tan (x) (x (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sec (x)]$

Step 2.2.7.3

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$4 (x \sec^{3} (x) + \tan (x) (x (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sec (x)]$

Step 2.2.8

Multiply $\sec (x)$ by $1$ .

$4 (x \sec^{3} (x) + \tan (x) (x (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x))) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 \sec (x)]$

Step 2.3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [4 \sec (x)]$ .

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Step 2.3.1

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $4 \sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $4 \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)]$ .

$4 (x \sec^{3} (x) + \tan (x) (x (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x))) + 4 \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)]$

Step 2.3.2

The derivative of $\sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec (x) \tan (x)$ .

$4 (x \sec^{3} (x) + \tan (x) (x (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x))) + 4 \sec (x) \tan (x)$

Step 2.4

Simplify.

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Step 2.4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$4 (x \sec^{3} (x) + \tan (x) (x (\sec (x) \tan (x))) + \tan (x) \sec (x)) + 4 \sec (x) \tan (x)$

Step 2.4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$4 (x \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (\tan (x) (x (\sec (x) \tan (x)))) + 4 (\tan (x) \sec (x)) + 4 \sec (x) \tan (x)$

Step 2.4.3

Combine terms.

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Step 2.4.3.1

Raise $\tan (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$4 x \sec^{3} (x) + 4 (x (\sec (x) (\tan^{1} (x) \tan (x)))) + 4 (\tan (x) \sec (x)) + 4 \sec (x) \tan (x)$

Step 2.4.3.2

Raise $\tan (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$4 x \sec^{3} (x) + 4 (x (\sec (x) (\tan^{1} (x) \tan^{1} (x)))) + 4 (\tan (x) \sec (x)) + 4 \sec (x) \tan (x)$

Step 2.4.3.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$4 x \sec^{3} (x) + 4 (x (\sec (x) {\tan (x)}^{1 + 1})) + 4 (\tan (x) \sec (x)) + 4 \sec (x) \tan (x)$

Step 2.4.3.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$4 x \sec^{3} (x) + 4 (x (\sec (x) \tan^{2} (x))) + 4 (\tan (x) \sec (x)) + 4 \sec (x) \tan (x)$

Step 2.4.3.5

Reorder the factors of $4 \tan (x) \sec (x)$ .

$4 x \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x (\sec (x) \tan^{2} (x)) + 4 \sec (x) \tan (x) + 4 \sec (x) \tan (x)$

Step 2.4.3.6

Add $4 \sec (x) \tan (x)$ and $4 \sec (x) \tan (x)$ .

$4 x \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x (\sec (x) \tan^{2} (x)) + 8 \sec (x) \tan (x)$

Step 2.4.4

Reorder terms.

$f'' (x) = 4 x \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x) + 8 \sec (x) \tan (x)$

Step 3

Find the third derivative.

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Step 3.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $4 x \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x) + 8 \sec (x) \tan (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [4 x \sec^{3} (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [4 x \sec^{3} (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.2

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [4 x \sec^{3} (x)]$ .

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Step 3.2.1

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $4 x \sec^{3} (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $4 \frac{d}{d x} [x \sec^{3} (x)]$ .

$4 \frac{d}{d x} [x \sec^{3} (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.2.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = \sec^{3} (x)$ .

$4 (x \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{3} (x)] + \sec^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x]) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.2.3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{3}$ and $g (x) = \sec (x)$ .

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Step 3.2.3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $\sec (x)$ .

$4 (x (\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{3}] \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)]) + \sec^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x]) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.2.3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{1}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$4 (x (3 {u_{1}}^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)]) + \sec^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x]) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.2.3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $\sec (x)$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{2} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)]) + \sec^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x]) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.2.4

The derivative of $\sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec (x) \tan (x)$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x))) + \sec^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x]) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.2.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x))) + \sec^{3} (x) \cdot 1) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.2.6

Raise $\sec (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$4 (x (3 (\sec^{1} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x) \cdot 1) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.2.7

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$4 (x (3 {\sec (x)}^{1 + 2} \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x) \cdot 1) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.2.8

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x) \cdot 1) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.2.9

Multiply $\sec^{3} (x)$ by $1$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)]$ .

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Step 3.3.1

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $4 x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $4 \frac{d}{d x} [x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)]$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 \frac{d}{d x} [x \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.3.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x \tan^{2} (x)$ and $g (x) = \sec (x)$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{2} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)] + \sec (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x \tan^{2} (x)]) + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.3.3

The derivative of $\sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec (x) \tan (x)$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x \tan^{2} (x)]) + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.3.4

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = \tan^{2} (x)$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (x \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{2} (x)] + \tan^{2} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.3.5

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{2}$ and $g (x) = \tan (x)$ .

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Step 3.3.5.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $\tan (x)$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (x (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{2}] \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)]) + \tan^{2} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.3.5.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{2}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (x (2 u_{2} \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)]) + \tan^{2} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.3.5.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $\tan (x)$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)]) + \tan^{2} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.3.6

The derivative of $\tan (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec^{2} (x)$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.3.7

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.3.8

Raise $\tan (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x (\tan^{1} (x) \tan^{2} (x)) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.3.9

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x {\tan (x)}^{1 + 2} \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.3.10

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.3.11

Multiply $\tan^{2} (x)$ by $1$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x))) + \frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.4

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [8 \sec (x) \tan (x)]$ .

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Step 3.4.1

Since $8$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $8 \sec (x) \tan (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $8 \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x) \tan (x)]$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x))) + 8 \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x) \tan (x)]$

Step 3.4.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = \sec (x)$ and $g (x) = \tan (x)$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x))) + 8 (\sec (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)] + \tan (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)])$

Step 3.4.3

The derivative of $\tan (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec^{2} (x)$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x))) + 8 (\sec (x) \sec^{2} (x) + \tan (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)])$

Step 3.4.4

The derivative of $\sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec (x) \tan (x)$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x))) + 8 (\sec (x) \sec^{2} (x) + \tan (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)))$

Step 3.4.5

Multiply $\sec (x)$ by $\sec^{2} (x)$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 3.4.5.1

Multiply $\sec (x)$ by $\sec^{2} (x)$ .

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Step 3.4.5.1.1

Raise $\sec (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x))) + 8 (\sec^{1} (x) \sec^{2} (x) + \tan (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)))$

Step 3.4.5.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x))) + 8 ({\sec (x)}^{1 + 2} + \tan (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)))$

Step 3.4.5.2

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x))) + 8 (\sec^{3} (x) + \tan (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)))$

Step 3.4.6

Raise $\tan (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x))) + 8 (\sec^{3} (x) + \tan^{1} (x) \tan (x) \sec (x))$

Step 3.4.7

Raise $\tan (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x))) + 8 (\sec^{3} (x) + \tan^{1} (x) \tan^{1} (x) \sec (x))$

Step 3.4.8

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x))) + 8 (\sec^{3} (x) + {\tan (x)}^{1 + 1} \sec (x))$

Step 3.4.9

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x))) + 8 (\sec^{3} (x) + \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x))$

Step 3.5

Simplify.

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Step 3.5.1

Apply the distributive property.

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x))) + 4 \sec^{3} (x) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{2} (x))) + 8 (\sec^{3} (x) + \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x))$

Step 3.5.2

Apply the distributive property.

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x))) + 4 \sec^{3} (x) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x))) + \sec (x) \tan^{2} (x)) + 8 (\sec^{3} (x) + \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x))$

Step 3.5.3

Apply the distributive property.

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x))) + 4 \sec^{3} (x) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)) + 4 (\sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)))) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{2} (x)) + 8 (\sec^{3} (x) + \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x))$

Step 3.5.4

Apply the distributive property.

$4 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x))) + 4 \sec^{3} (x) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)) + 4 (\sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)))) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{2} (x)) + 8 \sec^{3} (x) + 8 (\tan^{2} (x) \sec (x))$

Step 3.5.5

Combine terms.

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Step 3.5.5.1

Multiply $3$ by $4$ .

$12 (x (\sec^{3} (x) \tan (x))) + 4 \sec^{3} (x) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)) + 4 (\sec (x) (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x)))) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{2} (x)) + 8 \sec^{3} (x) + 8 (\tan^{2} (x) \sec (x))$

Step 3.5.5.2

Raise $\sec (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$12 x (\sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + 4 \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 4 (x (2 \tan (x) (\sec^{1} (x) \sec^{2} (x)))) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{2} (x)) + 8 \sec^{3} (x) + 8 (\tan^{2} (x) \sec (x))$

Step 3.5.5.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$12 x (\sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + 4 \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 4 (x (2 \tan (x) {\sec (x)}^{1 + 2})) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{2} (x)) + 8 \sec^{3} (x) + 8 (\tan^{2} (x) \sec (x))$

Step 3.5.5.4

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$12 x (\sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + 4 \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 4 (x (2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{2} (x)) + 8 \sec^{3} (x) + 8 (\tan^{2} (x) \sec (x))$

Step 3.5.5.5

Multiply $2$ by $4$ .

$12 x (\sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + 4 \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 8 (x (\tan (x) \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{2} (x)) + 8 \sec^{3} (x) + 8 (\tan^{2} (x) \sec (x))$

Step 3.5.5.6

Reorder the factors of $8 x (\tan (x) \sec^{3} (x))$ .

$12 x (\sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + 4 \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 8 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x) + 4 \sec (x) \tan^{2} (x) + 8 \sec^{3} (x) + 8 (\tan^{2} (x) \sec (x))$

Step 3.5.5.7

Add $12 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$ and $8 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$ .

$20 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x) + 4 \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 4 \sec (x) \tan^{2} (x) + 8 \sec^{3} (x) + 8 (\tan^{2} (x) \sec (x))$

Step 3.5.5.8

Add $4 \sec^{3} (x)$ and $8 \sec^{3} (x)$ .

$20 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x) + 4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 4 \sec (x) \tan^{2} (x) + 12 \sec^{3} (x) + 8 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)$

Step 3.5.5.9

Reorder the factors of $4 \sec (x) \tan^{2} (x)$ .

$20 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x) + 4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 4 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x) + 12 \sec^{3} (x) + 8 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)$

Step 3.5.5.10

Add $4 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)$ and $8 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)$ .

$f''' (x) = 20 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x) + 4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x) + 12 \sec^{3} (x)$

Step 4

Find the fourth derivative.

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Step 4.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $20 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x) + 4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x) + 12 \sec^{3} (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [20 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [20 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.2

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [20 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)]$ .

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Step 4.2.1

Since $20$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $20 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $20 \frac{d}{d x} [x \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)]$ .

$20 \frac{d}{d x} [x \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.2.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x \sec^{3} (x)$ and $g (x) = \tan (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)] + \tan (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x \sec^{3} (x)]) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.2.3

The derivative of $\tan (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec^{2} (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{3} (x) \sec^{2} (x) + \tan (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x \sec^{3} (x)]) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.2.4

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = \sec^{3} (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{3} (x) \sec^{2} (x) + \tan (x) (x \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{3} (x)] + \sec^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.2.5

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{3}$ and $g (x) = \sec (x)$ .

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Step 4.2.5.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $\sec (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{3} (x) \sec^{2} (x) + \tan (x) (x (\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{3}] \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)]) + \sec^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.2.5.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{1}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$20 (x \sec^{3} (x) \sec^{2} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 {u_{1}}^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)]) + \sec^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.2.5.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $\sec (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{3} (x) \sec^{2} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{2} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)]) + \sec^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.2.6

The derivative of $\sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec (x) \tan (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{3} (x) \sec^{2} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x))) + \sec^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.2.7

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$20 (x \sec^{3} (x) \sec^{2} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x))) + \sec^{3} (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.2.8

Multiply $\sec^{3} (x)$ by $\sec^{2} (x)$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.2.8.1

Move $\sec^{2} (x)$ .

$20 (x (\sec^{2} (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x))) + \sec^{3} (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.2.8.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$20 (x {\sec (x)}^{2 + 3} + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x))) + \sec^{3} (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.2.8.3

Add $2$ and $3$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x))) + \sec^{3} (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.2.9

Raise $\sec (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 (\sec^{1} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.2.10

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 {\sec (x)}^{1 + 2} \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.2.11

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.2.12

Multiply $\sec^{3} (x)$ by $1$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + \frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)]$ .

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Step 4.3.1

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $4 x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $4 \frac{d}{d x} [x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)]$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 \frac{d}{d x} [x \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.3.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x \tan^{3} (x)$ and $g (x) = \sec (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)] + \sec (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x \tan^{3} (x)]) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.3.3

The derivative of $\sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec (x) \tan (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x \tan^{3} (x)]) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.3.4

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x$ and $g (x) = \tan^{3} (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (x \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{3} (x)] + \tan^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.3.5

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{3}$ and $g (x) = \tan (x)$ .

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Step 4.3.5.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $\tan (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (x (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{3}] \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)]) + \tan^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.3.5.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{2}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (x (3 {u_{2}}^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)]) + \tan^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.3.5.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $\tan (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)]) + \tan^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.3.6

The derivative of $\tan (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec^{2} (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [x])) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.3.7

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{3} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.3.8

Raise $\tan (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x (\tan^{1} (x) \tan^{3} (x)) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.3.9

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x {\tan (x)}^{1 + 3} \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.3.10

Add $1$ and $3$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x) \cdot 1)) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.3.11

Multiply $\tan^{3} (x)$ by $1$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.4

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)]$ .

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Step 4.4.1

Since $12$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $12 \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $12 \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)]$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{2} (x) \sec (x)] + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.4.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = \tan^{2} (x)$ and $g (x) = \sec (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{2} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)] + \sec (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{2} (x)]) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.4.3

The derivative of $\sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec (x) \tan (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{2} (x)]) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.4.4

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{2}$ and $g (x) = \tan (x)$ .

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Step 4.4.4.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{3}$ as $\tan (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (\frac{d}{d u_{3}} [{u_{3}}^{2}] \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)])) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.4.4.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{3}} [{u_{3}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{3}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (2 u_{3} \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)])) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.4.4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{3}$ with $\tan (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (2 \tan (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (x)])) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.4.5

The derivative of $\tan (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec^{2} (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)) + \sec (x) (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x))) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.4.6

Multiply $\tan^{2} (x)$ by $\tan (x)$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.4.6.1

Move $\tan (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan (x) \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x))) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.4.6.2

Multiply $\tan (x)$ by $\tan^{2} (x)$ .

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Step 4.4.6.2.1

Raise $\tan (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{1} (x) \tan^{2} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x))) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.4.6.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 ({\tan (x)}^{1 + 2} \sec (x) + \sec (x) (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x))) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.4.6.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (2 \tan (x) \sec^{2} (x))) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.4.7

Raise $\sec (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 2 \tan (x) (\sec^{1} (x) \sec^{2} (x))) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.4.8

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 2 \tan (x) {\sec (x)}^{1 + 2}) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.4.9

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + \frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.5

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [12 \sec^{3} (x)]$ .

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Step 4.5.1

Since $12$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $12 \sec^{3} (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $12 \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{3} (x)]$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 12 \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{3} (x)]$

Step 4.5.2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{3}$ and $g (x) = \sec (x)$ .

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Step 4.5.2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{4}$ as $\sec (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 12 (\frac{d}{d u_{4}} [{u_{4}}^{3}] \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)])$

Step 4.5.2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{4}} [{u_{4}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{4}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 3$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 12 (3 {u_{4}}^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)])$

Step 4.5.2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{4}$ with $\sec (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 12 (3 \sec^{2} (x) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (x)])$

Step 4.5.3

The derivative of $\sec (x)$ with respect to $x$ is $\sec (x) \tan (x)$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 12 (3 \sec^{2} (x) (\sec (x) \tan (x)))$

Step 4.5.4

Raise $\sec (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 12 (3 (\sec^{1} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) \tan (x))$

Step 4.5.5

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 12 (3 {\sec (x)}^{1 + 2} \tan (x))$

Step 4.5.6

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 12 (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x))$

Step 4.5.7

Multiply $3$ by $12$ .

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)) + \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6

Simplify.

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Step 4.6.1

Apply the distributive property.

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x) + \tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x))) + \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.2

Apply the distributive property.

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x)) + 20 (\tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)))) + 20 (\tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)) + \tan^{3} (x))) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.3

Apply the distributive property.

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x)) + 20 (\tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)))) + 20 (\tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + \sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x))) + \sec (x) \tan^{3} (x)) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.4

Apply the distributive property.

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x)) + 20 (\tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)))) + 20 (\tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x)) + 4 (\sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)))) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{3} (x)) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.5

Apply the distributive property.

$20 (x \sec^{5} (x)) + 20 (\tan (x) (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)))) + 20 (\tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x)) + 4 (\sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)))) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{3} (x)) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)) + 12 (2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6

Combine terms.

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Step 4.6.6.1

Raise $\tan (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 20 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) (\tan^{1} (x) \tan (x)))) + 20 (\tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x)) + 4 (\sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)))) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{3} (x)) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)) + 12 (2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6.2

Raise $\tan (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 20 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) (\tan^{1} (x) \tan^{1} (x)))) + 20 (\tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x)) + 4 (\sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)))) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{3} (x)) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)) + 12 (2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6.3

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 20 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) {\tan (x)}^{1 + 1})) + 20 (\tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x)) + 4 (\sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)))) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{3} (x)) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)) + 12 (2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6.4

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 20 (x (3 \sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x))) + 20 (\tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x)) + 4 (\sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)))) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{3} (x)) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)) + 12 (2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6.5

Multiply $3$ by $20$ .

$20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 60 (x (\sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x))) + 20 (\tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 4 (x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x)) + 4 (\sec (x) (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{2} (x)))) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{3} (x)) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)) + 12 (2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6.6

Raise $\sec (x)$ to the power of $1$ .

$20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 60 x (\sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x)) + 20 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + 4 (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) (\sec^{1} (x) \sec^{2} (x)))) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{3} (x)) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)) + 12 (2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6.7

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 60 x (\sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x)) + 20 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + 4 (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) {\sec (x)}^{1 + 2})) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{3} (x)) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)) + 12 (2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6.8

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 60 x (\sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x)) + 20 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + 4 (x (3 \tan^{2} (x) \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{3} (x)) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)) + 12 (2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6.9

Multiply $3$ by $4$ .

$20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 60 x (\sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x)) + 20 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + 12 (x (\tan^{2} (x) \sec^{3} (x))) + 4 (\sec (x) \tan^{3} (x)) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)) + 12 (2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6.10

Reorder the factors of $12 x (\tan^{2} (x) \sec^{3} (x))$ .

$20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 60 x (\sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x)) + 20 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + 12 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x) + 4 \sec (x) \tan^{3} (x) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)) + 12 (2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6.11

Add $60 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x)$ and $12 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x)$ .

$20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 72 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x) + 20 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + 4 \sec (x) \tan^{3} (x) + 12 (\tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)) + 12 (2 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6.12

Multiply $2$ by $12$ .

$20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 72 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x) + 20 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + 4 \sec (x) \tan^{3} (x) + 12 \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 24 (\tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6.13

Reorder the factors of $4 \sec (x) \tan^{3} (x)$ .

$20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 72 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x) + 20 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + 4 \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 12 \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 24 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6.14

Add $4 \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)$ and $12 \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)$ .

$20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 72 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x) + 20 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + 16 \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 24 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6.15

Add $20 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)$ and $24 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)$ .

$20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 72 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x) + 44 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x) + 4 x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + 16 \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6.16

Reorder the factors of $44 \tan (x) \sec^{3} (x)$ .

$20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 72 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x) + 44 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x) + 4 x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + 16 \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x) + 36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$

Step 4.6.6.17

Add $44 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$ and $36 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x)$ .

$f^{4} (x) = 20 x \sec^{5} (x) + 72 x \sec^{3} (x) \tan^{2} (x) + 80 \sec^{3} (x) \tan (x) + 4 x \tan^{4} (x) \sec (x) + 16 \tan^{3} (x) \sec (x)$