Calculus Examples

$y = 9 \tan (\frac{x}{3})$

Step 1

Find the first derivative.

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Step 1.1

Since $9$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $9 \tan (\frac{x}{3})$ with respect to $x$ is $9 \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (\frac{x}{3})]$ .

$9 \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (\frac{x}{3})]$

Step 1.2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \tan (x)$ and $g (x) = \frac{x}{3}$ .

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Step 1.2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $\frac{x}{3}$ .

$9 (\frac{d}{d u} [\tan (u)] \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])$

Step 1.2.2

The derivative of $\tan (u)$ with respect to $u$ is $\sec^{2} (u)$ .

$9 (\sec^{2} (u) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])$

Step 1.2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $\frac{x}{3}$ .

$9 (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])$

Step 1.3

Differentiate.

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Step 1.3.1

Since $\frac{1}{3}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{x}{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$9 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 1.3.2

Simplify terms.

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Step 1.3.2.1

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $9$ .

$\frac{9}{3} \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 1.3.2.2

Combine $\frac{9}{3}$ and $\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{9 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 1.3.2.3

Cancel the common factor of $9$ and $3$ .

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Step 1.3.2.3.1

Factor $3$ out of $9 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{3 (3 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}))}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 1.3.2.3.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 1.3.2.3.2.1

Factor $3$ out of $3$ .

$\frac{3 (3 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}))}{3 (1)} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 1.3.2.3.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{3 (3 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}))}{3 \cdot 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 1.3.2.3.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{3 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{1} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 1.3.2.3.2.4

Divide $3 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ by $1$ .

$3 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 1.3.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$3 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 1$

Step 1.3.4

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$f' (x) = 3 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$

Step 2

Find the second derivative.

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Step 2.1

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ with respect to $x$ is $3 \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})]$ .

$3 \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})]$

Step 2.2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{2}$ and $g (x) = \sec (\frac{x}{3})$ .

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Step 2.2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$3 (\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{2}] \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 2.2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{1}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$3 (2 u_{1} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 2.2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$3 (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 2.3

Multiply $2$ by $3$ .

$6 (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 2.4

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \sec (x)$ and $g (x) = \frac{x}{3}$ .

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Step 2.4.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $\frac{x}{3}$ .

$6 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [\sec (u_{2})] \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])$

Step 2.4.2

The derivative of $\sec (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\sec (u_{2}) \tan (u_{2})$ .

$6 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (u_{2}) \tan (u_{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])$

Step 2.4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $\frac{x}{3}$ .

$6 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])$

Step 2.5

Raise $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ to the power of $1$ .

$6 (\sec^{1} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec (\frac{x}{3})) (\tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])$

Step 2.6

Raise $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ to the power of $1$ .

$6 (\sec^{1} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{1} (\frac{x}{3})) (\tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])$

Step 2.7

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$6 {\sec (\frac{x}{3})}^{1 + 1} (\tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])$

Step 2.8

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$6 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])$

Step 2.9

Since $\frac{1}{3}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{x}{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$6 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 2.10

Simplify terms.

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Step 2.10.1

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $6$ .

$\frac{6}{3} \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 2.10.2

Combine $\frac{6}{3}$ and $\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{6 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 2.10.3

Combine $\frac{6 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ and $\tan (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{6 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 2.10.4

Cancel the common factor of $6$ and $3$ .

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Step 2.10.4.1

Factor $3$ out of $6 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{3 (2 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}))}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 2.10.4.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.10.4.2.1

Factor $3$ out of $3$ .

$\frac{3 (2 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}))}{3 (1)} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 2.10.4.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{3 (2 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}))}{3 \cdot 1} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 2.10.4.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{2 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{1} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 2.10.4.2.4

Divide $2 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})$ by $1$ .

$2 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 2.11

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 1$

Step 2.12

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$f'' (x) = 2 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})$

Step 3

Find the third derivative.

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Step 3.1

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})]$ .

$2 \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})]$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ and $g (x) = \tan (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$2 (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (\frac{x}{3})] + \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 3.3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \tan (x)$ and $g (x) = \frac{x}{3}$ .

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Step 3.3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $\frac{x}{3}$ .

$2 (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [\tan (u_{1})] \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]) + \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 3.3.2

The derivative of $\tan (u_{1})$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $\sec^{2} (u_{1})$ .

$2 (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (u_{1}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]) + \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 3.3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $\frac{x}{3}$ .

$2 (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]) + \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 3.4

Multiply $\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ by $\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 3.4.1

Move $\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$2 (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}] + \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 3.4.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 ({\sec (\frac{x}{3})}^{2 + 2} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}] + \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 3.4.3

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$2 (\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}] + \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 3.5

Differentiate.

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Step 3.5.1

Since $\frac{1}{3}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{x}{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$2 (\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]) + \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 3.5.2

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 3.5.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} \cdot 1 + \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 3.5.4

Multiply $\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ by $1$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 3.6

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{2}$ and $g (x) = \sec (\frac{x}{3})$ .

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Step 3.6.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{2}] \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (\frac{x}{3})]))$

Step 3.6.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [{u_{2}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{2}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (2 u_{2} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (\frac{x}{3})]))$

Step 3.6.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (\frac{x}{3})]))$

Step 3.7

Move $2$ to the left of $\tan (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + 2 \cdot \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \sec (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 3.8

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \sec (x)$ and $g (x) = \frac{x}{3}$ .

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Step 3.8.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{3}$ as $\frac{x}{3}$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + 2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{d}{d u_{3}} [\sec (u_{3})] \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]))$

Step 3.8.2

The derivative of $\sec (u_{3})$ with respect to $u_{3}$ is $\sec (u_{3}) \tan (u_{3})$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + 2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (u_{3}) \tan (u_{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]))$

Step 3.8.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{3}$ with $\frac{x}{3}$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + 2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]))$

Step 3.9

Raise $\tan (\frac{x}{3})$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + 2 (\tan^{1} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})) \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]))$

Step 3.10

Raise $\tan (\frac{x}{3})$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + 2 (\tan^{1} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan^{1} (\frac{x}{3})) \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]))$

Step 3.11

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + 2 {\tan (\frac{x}{3})}^{1 + 1} \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]))$

Step 3.12

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + 2 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}]))$

Step 3.13

Raise $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + 2 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{1} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec (\frac{x}{3})) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])$

Step 3.14

Raise $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ to the power of $1$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + 2 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{1} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{1} (\frac{x}{3})) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])$

Step 3.15

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + 2 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) {\sec (\frac{x}{3})}^{1 + 1} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])$

Step 3.16

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + 2 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])$

Step 3.17

Since $\frac{1}{3}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{x}{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + 2 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]))$

Step 3.18

Combine fractions.

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Step 3.18.1

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $2$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \frac{2}{3} \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 3.18.2

Combine $\frac{2}{3}$ and $\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \frac{2 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 3.18.3

Combine $\frac{2 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ and $\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \frac{2 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x])$

Step 3.19

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \frac{2 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} \cdot 1)$

Step 3.20

Multiply $\frac{2 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ by $1$ .

$2 (\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \frac{2 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3})$

Step 3.21

Simplify.

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Step 3.21.1

Apply the distributive property.

$2 \frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + 2 \frac{2 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$

Step 3.21.2

Combine terms.

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Step 3.21.2.1

Combine $2$ and $\frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ .

$\frac{2 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + 2 \frac{2 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$

Step 3.21.2.2

Combine $2$ and $\frac{2 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ .

$\frac{2 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \frac{2 (2 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}))}{3}$

Step 3.21.2.3

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$f''' (x) = \frac{2 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$

Step 4

Find the fourth derivative.

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Step 4.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $\frac{2 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{2 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$ .

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Step 4.2.1

Since $\frac{2}{3}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{2 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{2}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})]$ .

$\frac{2}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})] + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.2

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{4}$ and $g (x) = \sec (\frac{x}{3})$ .

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Step 4.2.2.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{2}{3} (\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{4}] \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (\frac{x}{3})]) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.2.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{1}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 4$ .

$\frac{2}{3} (4 {u_{1}}^{3} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (\frac{x}{3})]) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.2.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{2}{3} (4 \sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (\frac{x}{3})]) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \sec (x)$ and $g (x) = \frac{x}{3}$ .

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Step 4.2.3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $\frac{x}{3}$ .

$\frac{2}{3} (4 \sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [\sec (u_{2})] \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.3.2

The derivative of $\sec (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $\sec (u_{2}) \tan (u_{2})$ .

$\frac{2}{3} (4 \sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (u_{2}) \tan (u_{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $\frac{x}{3}$ .

$\frac{2}{3} (4 \sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.4

Since $\frac{1}{3}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{x}{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{2}{3} (4 \sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]))) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.5

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{2}{3} (4 \sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.6

Multiply $\frac{1}{3}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{2}{3} (4 \sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{1}{3})) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.7

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{2}{3} (4 \sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{\sec (\frac{x}{3})}{3} \tan (\frac{x}{3}))) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.8

Combine $\frac{\sec (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ and $\tan (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{2}{3} (4 \sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{3}) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.9

Combine $\frac{\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ and $4$ .

$\frac{2}{3} (\frac{\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 4}{3} \sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3})) + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.10

Combine $\frac{\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 4}{3}$ and $\sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 4 \sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.11

Multiply $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ by $\sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3})$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.2.11.1

Move $\sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{\sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 4}{3} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.11.2

Multiply $\sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3})$ by $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ .

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Step 4.2.11.2.1

Raise $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{\sec^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{1} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 4}{3} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.11.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{{\sec (\frac{x}{3})}^{3 + 1} \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 4}{3} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.11.3

Add $3$ and $1$ .

$\frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 4}{3} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.12

Move $4$ to the left of $\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{4 \cdot (\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}))}{3} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.13

Multiply $\frac{2}{3}$ by $\frac{4 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ .

$\frac{2 (4 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}))}{3 \cdot 3} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.14

Multiply $4$ by $2$ .

$\frac{8 (\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}))}{3 \cdot 3} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.2.15

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$

Step 4.3

Evaluate $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}]$ .

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Step 4.3.1

Since $\frac{4}{3}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{4 \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{4}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})]$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})]$

Step 4.3.2

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ and $g (x) = \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})] + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 4.3.3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{2}$ and $g (x) = \sec (\frac{x}{3})$ .

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Step 4.3.3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{3}$ as $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{d}{d u_{3}} [{u_{3}}^{2}] \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (\frac{x}{3})]) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 4.3.3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{3}} [{u_{3}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{3}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 u_{3} \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (\frac{x}{3})]) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 4.3.3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{3}$ with $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\sec (\frac{x}{3})]) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 4.3.4

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \sec (x)$ and $g (x) = \frac{x}{3}$ .

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Step 4.3.4.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{4}$ as $\frac{x}{3}$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{d}{d u_{4}} [\sec (u_{4})] \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 4.3.4.2

The derivative of $\sec (u_{4})$ with respect to $u_{4}$ is $\sec (u_{4}) \tan (u_{4})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (u_{4}) \tan (u_{4}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 4.3.4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{4}$ with $\frac{x}{3}$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 4.3.5

Since $\frac{1}{3}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{x}{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]))) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 4.3.6

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3})])$

Step 4.3.7

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{2}$ and $g (x) = \tan (\frac{x}{3})$ .

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Step 4.3.7.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{5}$ as $\tan (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{d}{d u_{5}} [{u_{5}}^{2}] \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (\frac{x}{3})]))$

Step 4.3.7.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{5}} [{u_{5}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{5}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 u_{5} \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (\frac{x}{3})]))$

Step 4.3.7.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{5}$ with $\tan (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\tan (\frac{x}{3})]))$

Step 4.3.8

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \tan (x)$ and $g (x) = \frac{x}{3}$ .

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Step 4.3.8.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{6}$ as $\frac{x}{3}$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{d}{d u_{6}} [\tan (u_{6})] \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])))$

Step 4.3.8.2

The derivative of $\tan (u_{6})$ with respect to $u_{6}$ is $\sec^{2} (u_{6})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (u_{6}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])))$

Step 4.3.8.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{6}$ with $\frac{x}{3}$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{x}{3}])))$

Step 4.3.9

Since $\frac{1}{3}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{x}{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [x]))))$

Step 4.3.10

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.11

Multiply $\frac{1}{3}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{1}{3})) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.12

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{\sec (\frac{x}{3})}{3} \tan (\frac{x}{3}))) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.13

Combine $\frac{\sec (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ and $\tan (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{3}) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.14

Combine $\frac{\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 2}{3} \sec (\frac{x}{3})) + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.15

Combine $\frac{\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 2}{3}$ and $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{\sec (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 2 \sec (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.16

Raise $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{\tan (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 2 (\sec^{1} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec (\frac{x}{3}))}{3} + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.17

Raise $\sec (\frac{x}{3})$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{\tan (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 2 (\sec^{1} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{1} (\frac{x}{3}))}{3} + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.18

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{\tan (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 2 {\sec (\frac{x}{3})}^{1 + 1}}{3} + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.19

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{\tan (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 2 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.20

Move $2$ to the left of $\tan (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{2 \cdot \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.21

Combine $\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ and $\frac{2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\frac{\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}))}{3} + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.22

Multiply $\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ by $\tan (\frac{x}{3})$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.3.22.1

Move $\tan (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\frac{\tan (\frac{x}{3}) \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}))}{3} + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.22.2

Multiply $\tan (\frac{x}{3})$ by $\tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ .

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Step 4.3.22.2.1

Raise $\tan (\frac{x}{3})$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\frac{\tan^{1} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}))}{3} + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.22.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\frac{{\tan (\frac{x}{3})}^{1 + 2} (2 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}))}{3} + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.22.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\frac{\tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}))}{3} + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.23

Move $2$ to the left of $\tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\frac{2 \cdot \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1))))$

Step 4.3.24

Multiply $\frac{1}{3}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\frac{2 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}) (\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{1}{3})))$

Step 4.3.25

Combine $\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ and $\frac{1}{3}$ .

Step 4.3.26

Combine $\frac{\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\frac{2 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (\frac{\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 2}{3} \tan (\frac{x}{3})))$

Step 4.3.27

Combine $\frac{\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 2}{3}$ and $\tan (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\frac{2 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \cdot 2 \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{3})$

Step 4.3.28

Move $2$ to the left of $\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\frac{2 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \frac{2 \cdot \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{3})$

Step 4.3.29

Combine $\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ and $\frac{2 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\frac{2 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \frac{\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}))}{3})$

Step 4.3.30

Multiply $\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ by $\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.3.30.1

Move $\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\frac{2 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \frac{\sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}))}{3})$

Step 4.3.30.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\frac{2 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \frac{{\sec (\frac{x}{3})}^{2 + 2} (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}))}{3})$

Step 4.3.30.3

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\frac{2 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \frac{\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) (2 \tan (\frac{x}{3}))}{3})$

Step 4.3.31

Move $2$ to the left of $\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3})$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} (\frac{2 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \frac{2 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{3})$

Step 4.4

Simplify.

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Step 4.4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{2 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3} + \frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{2 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$

Step 4.4.2

Combine terms.

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Step 4.4.2.1

Multiply $\frac{4}{3}$ by $\frac{2 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4 (2 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}))}{3 \cdot 3} + \frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{2 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$

Step 4.4.2.2

Multiply $2$ by $4$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{8 (\tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}))}{3 \cdot 3} + \frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{2 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$

Step 4.4.2.3

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{8 (\tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3}))}{9} + \frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{2 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$

Step 4.4.2.4

Multiply $\frac{4}{3}$ by $\frac{2 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{3}$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{8 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{4 (2 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}))}{3 \cdot 3}$

Step 4.4.2.5

Multiply $2$ by $4$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{8 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{8 (\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}))}{3 \cdot 3}$

Step 4.4.2.6

Multiply $3$ by $3$ .

$\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{8 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{8 (\sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}))}{9}$

Step 4.4.2.7

Add $\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9}$ and $\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9}$ .

$\frac{8 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + 2 \frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9}$

Step 4.4.2.8

Combine $2$ and $\frac{8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9}$ .

$\frac{8 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{2 (8 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3}))}{9}$

Step 4.4.2.9

Multiply $8$ by $2$ .

$f^{4} (x) = \frac{8 \tan^{3} (\frac{x}{3}) \sec^{2} (\frac{x}{3})}{9} + \frac{16 \sec^{4} (\frac{x}{3}) \tan (\frac{x}{3})}{9}$