Calculus Examples

$\int \sqrt{t} (t^{2} + t - 1) d t$

Step 1

Integrate by parts using the formula $\int u d v = u v - \int v d u$ , where $u = t^{2} + t - 1$ and $d v = \sqrt{t}$ .

$(t^{2} + t - 1) (\frac{2}{3} t^{\frac{3}{2}}) - \int \frac{2}{3} t^{\frac{3}{2}} (2 t + 1) d t$

Step 2

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 2.1

Combine $\frac{2}{3}$ and $t^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{2}{3} t^{\frac{3}{2}} (2 t + 1) d t$

Step 2.2

Combine $\frac{2}{3}$ and $t^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} (2 t + 1) d t$

Step 3

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.1

Apply the distributive property.

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} (2 t) + \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} \cdot 1 d t$

Step 3.2

Reorder $\frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}$ and $2$ .

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int 2 \cdot \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} t + \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} \cdot 1 d t$

Step 3.3

Reorder $\frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}$ and $1$ .

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int 2 \cdot \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} t + 1 \cdot \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d t$

Step 3.4

Combine $2$ and $\frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}$ .

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{2 (2 t^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} t + 1 \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d t$

Step 3.5

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{4 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} t + 1 \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d t$

Step 3.6

Combine $\frac{4 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}$ and $t$ .

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{4 t^{\frac{3}{2}} t}{3} + 1 \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d t$

Step 3.7

Raise $t$ to the power of $1$ .

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{4 (t^{\frac{3}{2}} t^{1})}{3} + 1 \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d t$

Step 3.8

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{4 t^{\frac{3}{2} + 1}}{3} + 1 \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d t$

Step 3.9

Write $1$ as a fraction with a common denominator.

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{4 t^{\frac{3}{2} + \frac{2}{2}}}{3} + 1 \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d t$

Step 3.10

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{4 t^{\frac{3 + 2}{2}}}{3} + 1 \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d t$

Step 3.11

Add $3$ and $2$ .

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{4 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} + 1 \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d t$

Step 3.12

Multiply $\frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}$ by $1$ .

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{4 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} + \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d t$

Step 4

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (\int \frac{4 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} d t + \int \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d t)$

Step 5

Since $\frac{4}{3}$ is constant with respect to $t$ , move $\frac{4}{3}$ out of the integral.

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (\frac{4}{3} \int t^{\frac{5}{2}} d t + \int \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d t)$

Step 6

By the Power Rule, the integral of $t^{\frac{5}{2}}$ with respect to $t$ is $\frac{2}{7} t^{\frac{7}{2}}$ .

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (\frac{4}{3} (\frac{2}{7} t^{\frac{7}{2}} + C) + \int \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d t)$

Step 7

Combine $\frac{2}{7}$ and $t^{\frac{7}{2}}$ .

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (\frac{4}{3} (\frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7} + C) + \int \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} d t)$

Step 8

Since $\frac{2}{3}$ is constant with respect to $t$ , move $\frac{2}{3}$ out of the integral.

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (\frac{4}{3} (\frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7} + C) + \frac{2}{3} \int t^{\frac{3}{2}} d t)$

Step 9

By the Power Rule, the integral of $t^{\frac{3}{2}}$ with respect to $t$ is $\frac{2}{5} t^{\frac{5}{2}}$ .

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (\frac{4}{3} (\frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7} + C) + \frac{2}{3} (\frac{2}{5} t^{\frac{5}{2}} + C))$

Step 10

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 10.1

Combine $\frac{2}{5}$ and $t^{\frac{5}{2}}$ .

$(t^{2} + t - 1) \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (\frac{4}{3} (\frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7} + C) + \frac{2}{3} (\frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5} + C))$

Step 10.2

Simplify.

$\frac{t^{\frac{7}{2}} \cdot 2}{3} + \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} - \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (\frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}) + C$

Step 10.3

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 10.3.1

Move $2$ to the left of $t^{\frac{7}{2}}$ .

$\frac{2 \cdot t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} + \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} - \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (\frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}) + C$

Step 10.3.2

Multiply $\frac{4}{3}$ by $\frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{7}$ .

$\frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} + \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} - \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (\frac{4 (2 t^{\frac{7}{2}})}{3 \cdot 7} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}) + C$

Step 10.3.3

Multiply $2$ by $4$ .

$\frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} + \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} - \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (\frac{8 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3 \cdot 7} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}) + C$

Step 10.3.4

Multiply $3$ by $7$ .

$\frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} + \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} - \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (\frac{8 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} + \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}) + C$

Step 10.3.5

Multiply $\frac{2}{3}$ by $\frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{5}$ .

$\frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} + \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} - \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (\frac{8 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} + \frac{2 (2 t^{\frac{5}{2}})}{3 \cdot 5}) + C$

Step 10.3.6

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} + \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} - \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (\frac{8 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} + \frac{4 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3 \cdot 5}) + C$

Step 10.3.7

Multiply $3$ by $5$ .

$\frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} + \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} - \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - (\frac{8 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} + \frac{4 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{15}) + C$

Step 10.3.8

To write $- (\frac{8 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} + \frac{4 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{15})$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{3}{3}$ .

$\frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} - (\frac{8 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} + \frac{4 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{15}) \cdot \frac{3}{3} + \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} - \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} + C$

Step 10.3.9

Combine $- (\frac{8 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} + \frac{4 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{15})$ and $\frac{3}{3}$ .

$\frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{3} + \frac{- (\frac{8 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} + \frac{4 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{15}) \cdot 3}{3} + \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} - \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} + C$

Step 10.3.10

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}} - (\frac{8 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} + \frac{4 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{15}) \cdot 3}{3} + \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} - \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} + C$

Step 10.3.11

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{2 t^{\frac{7}{2}} - 3 (\frac{8 t^{\frac{7}{2}}}{21} + \frac{4 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{15})}{3} + \frac{2 t^{\frac{5}{2}}}{3} - \frac{2 t^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} + C$

Step 11

Reorder terms.

$\frac{1}{3} (2 t^{\frac{7}{2}} - 3 (\frac{8}{21} t^{\frac{7}{2}} + \frac{4}{15} t^{\frac{5}{2}})) + \frac{2}{3} t^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{2}{3} t^{\frac{3}{2}} + C$