Calculus Examples

$\int \sqrt{x} \ln (x^{2}) d x$

Step 1

Rewrite $\sqrt{x} \ln (x^{2})$ as $\sqrt{x} (2 \ln (x))$ .

$\int \sqrt{x} (2 \ln (x)) d x$

Step 2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $2$ out of the integral.

$2 \int \sqrt{x} (\ln (x)) d x$

Step 3

Integrate by parts using the formula $\int u d v = u v - \int v d u$ , where $u = \ln (x)$ and $d v = \sqrt{x}$ .

$2 (\ln (x) (\frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}}) - \int \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{1}{x} d x)$

Step 4

Simplify.

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Step 4.1

Combine $\frac{2}{3}$ and $x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$2 (\ln (x) \frac{2 x^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \int \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{1}{x} d x)$

Step 4.2

Combine $\ln (x)$ and $\frac{2 x^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}$ .

$2 (\frac{\ln (x) (2 x^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \int \frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} \frac{1}{x} d x)$

Step 4.3

Combine $\frac{2}{3}$ and $x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$2 (\frac{\ln (x) (2 x^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \int \frac{2 x^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{x} d x)$

Step 4.4

Multiply $\frac{2 x^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}$ by $\frac{1}{x}$ .

$2 (\frac{\ln (x) (2 x^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \int \frac{2 x^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3 x} d x)$

Step 4.5

Move $x^{1}$ to the numerator using the negative exponent rule $\frac{1}{b^{n}} = b^{- n}$ .

$2 (\frac{\ln (x) (2 x^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \int \frac{2 x^{\frac{3}{2}} x^{- 1}}{3} d x)$

Step 4.6

Multiply $x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ by $x^{- 1}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 4.6.1

Move $x^{- 1}$ .

$2 (\frac{\ln (x) (2 x^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \int \frac{2 (x^{- 1} x^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} d x)$

Step 4.6.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$2 (\frac{\ln (x) (2 x^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \int \frac{2 x^{- 1 + \frac{3}{2}}}{3} d x)$

Step 4.6.3

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$2 (\frac{\ln (x) (2 x^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \int \frac{2 x^{- 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2} + \frac{3}{2}}}{3} d x)$

Step 4.6.4

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$2 (\frac{\ln (x) (2 x^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \int \frac{2 x^{\frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{3}{2}}}{3} d x)$

Step 4.6.5

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$2 (\frac{\ln (x) (2 x^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \int \frac{2 x^{\frac{- 1 \cdot 2 + 3}{2}}}{3} d x)$

Step 4.6.6

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 4.6.6.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$2 (\frac{\ln (x) (2 x^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \int \frac{2 x^{\frac{- 2 + 3}{2}}}{3} d x)$

Step 4.6.6.2

Add $- 2$ and $3$ .

$2 (\frac{\ln (x) (2 x^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \int \frac{2 x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{3} d x)$

Step 5

Since $\frac{2}{3}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $\frac{2}{3}$ out of the integral.

$2 (\frac{\ln (x) (2 x^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - (\frac{2}{3} \int x^{\frac{1}{2}} d x))$

Step 6

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$2 (\frac{\ln (x) (2 x^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{2}{3} x^{\frac{3}{2}} + C))$

Step 7

Simplify the answer.

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Step 7.1

Combine $\frac{2}{3}$ and $x^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$2 (\frac{\ln (x) (2 x^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{2 x^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} + C))$

Step 7.2

Rewrite $2 (\frac{\ln (x) (2 x^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{2 x^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} + C))$ as $2 (\frac{2 \ln (x) x^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \frac{4 x^{\frac{3}{2}}}{9}) + C$ .

$2 (\frac{2 \ln (x) x^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3} - \frac{4 x^{\frac{3}{2}}}{9}) + C$

Step 7.3

Reorder terms.

$2 (\frac{2}{3} \ln (x) x^{\frac{3}{2}} - \frac{4}{9} x^{\frac{3}{2}}) + C$