Calculus Examples

$\int_{- 3}^{3} 5 x^{3} + 2 x^{2} + 6 x - 1 d x$

Step 1

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$\int_{- 3}^{3} 5 x^{3} d x + \int_{- 3}^{3} 2 x^{2} d x + \int_{- 3}^{3} 6 x d x + \int_{- 3}^{3} - 1 d x$

Step 2

Since $5$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $5$ out of the integral.

$5 \int_{- 3}^{3} x^{3} d x + \int_{- 3}^{3} 2 x^{2} d x + \int_{- 3}^{3} 6 x d x + \int_{- 3}^{3} - 1 d x$

Step 3

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{4} x^{4}$ .

$5 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4}]_{- 3}^{3}) + \int_{- 3}^{3} 2 x^{2} d x + \int_{- 3}^{3} 6 x d x + \int_{- 3}^{3} - 1 d x$

Step 4

Combine $\frac{1}{4}$ and $x^{4}$ .

$5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{- 3}^{3}) + \int_{- 3}^{3} 2 x^{2} d x + \int_{- 3}^{3} 6 x d x + \int_{- 3}^{3} - 1 d x$

Step 5

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $2$ out of the integral.

$5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{- 3}^{3}) + 2 \int_{- 3}^{3} x^{2} d x + \int_{- 3}^{3} 6 x d x + \int_{- 3}^{3} - 1 d x$

Step 6

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} x^{3}$ .

$5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{- 3}^{3}) + 2 (\frac{1}{3} x^{3}]_{- 3}^{3}) + \int_{- 3}^{3} 6 x d x + \int_{- 3}^{3} - 1 d x$

Step 7

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $x^{3}$ .

$5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{- 3}^{3}) + 2 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{- 3}^{3}) + \int_{- 3}^{3} 6 x d x + \int_{- 3}^{3} - 1 d x$

Step 8

Since $6$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $6$ out of the integral.

$5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{- 3}^{3}) + 2 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{- 3}^{3}) + 6 \int_{- 3}^{3} x d x + \int_{- 3}^{3} - 1 d x$

Step 9

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{2} x^{2}$ .

$5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{- 3}^{3}) + 2 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{- 3}^{3}) + 6 (\frac{1}{2} x^{2}]_{- 3}^{3}) + \int_{- 3}^{3} - 1 d x$

Step 10

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{- 3}^{3}) + 2 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{- 3}^{3}) + 6 (\frac{x^{2}}{2}]_{- 3}^{3}) + \int_{- 3}^{3} - 1 d x$

Step 11

Apply the constant rule.

$5 (\frac{x^{4}}{4}]_{- 3}^{3}) + 2 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{- 3}^{3}) + 6 (\frac{x^{2}}{2}]_{- 3}^{3}) + - x]_{- 3}^{3}$

Step 12

Substitute and simplify.

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Step 12.1

Evaluate $\frac{x^{4}}{4}$ at $3$ and at $- 3$ .

$5 ((\frac{3^{4}}{4}) - \frac{{(- 3)}^{4}}{4}) + 2 (\frac{x^{3}}{3}]_{- 3}^{3}) + 6 (\frac{x^{2}}{2}]_{- 3}^{3}) + - x]_{- 3}^{3}$

Step 12.2

Evaluate $\frac{x^{3}}{3}$ at $3$ and at $- 3$ .

$5 (\frac{3^{4}}{4} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{4}}{4}) + 2 (\frac{3^{3}}{3} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{x^{2}}{2}]_{- 3}^{3}) + - x]_{- 3}^{3}$

Step 12.3

Evaluate $\frac{x^{2}}{2}$ at $3$ and at $- 3$ .

$5 (\frac{3^{4}}{4} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{4}}{4}) + 2 (\frac{3^{3}}{3} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 ((\frac{3^{2}}{2}) - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) + - x]_{- 3}^{3}$

Step 12.4

Evaluate $- x$ at $3$ and at $- 3$ .

$5 (\frac{3^{4}}{4} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{4}}{4}) + 2 (\frac{3^{3}}{3} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) + - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5

Simplify.

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Step 12.5.1

Raise $3$ to the power of $4$ .

$5 (\frac{81}{4} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{4}}{4}) + 2 (\frac{3^{3}}{3} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.2

Raise $- 3$ to the power of $4$ .

$5 (\frac{81}{4} - \frac{81}{4}) + 2 (\frac{3^{3}}{3} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.3

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$5 \frac{81 - 81}{4} + 2 (\frac{3^{3}}{3} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.4

Subtract $81$ from $81$ .

$5 (\frac{0}{4}) + 2 (\frac{3^{3}}{3} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.5

Cancel the common factor of $0$ and $4$ .

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Step 12.5.5.1

Factor $4$ out of $0$ .

$5 \frac{4 (0)}{4} + 2 (\frac{3^{3}}{3} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.5.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 12.5.5.2.1

Factor $4$ out of $4$ .

$5 \frac{4 \cdot 0}{4 \cdot 1} + 2 (\frac{3^{3}}{3} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.5.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$5 \frac{4 \cdot 0}{4 \cdot 1} + 2 (\frac{3^{3}}{3} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.5.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$5 (\frac{0}{1}) + 2 (\frac{3^{3}}{3} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.5.2.4

Divide $0$ by $1$ .

$5 \cdot 0 + 2 (\frac{3^{3}}{3} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.6

Multiply $5$ by $0$ .

$0 + 2 (\frac{3^{3}}{3} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.7

Raise $3$ to the power of $3$ .

$0 + 2 (\frac{27}{3} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.8

Cancel the common factor of $27$ and $3$ .

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Step 12.5.8.1

Factor $3$ out of $27$ .

$0 + 2 (\frac{3 \cdot 9}{3} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.8.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 12.5.8.2.1

Factor $3$ out of $3$ .

$0 + 2 (\frac{3 \cdot 9}{3 (1)} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.8.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$0 + 2 (\frac{3 \cdot 9}{3 \cdot 1} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.8.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$0 + 2 (\frac{9}{1} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.8.2.4

Divide $9$ by $1$ .

$0 + 2 (9 - \frac{{(- 3)}^{3}}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.9

Raise $- 3$ to the power of $3$ .

$0 + 2 (9 - \frac{- 27}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.10

Cancel the common factor of $- 27$ and $3$ .

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Step 12.5.10.1

Factor $3$ out of $- 27$ .

$0 + 2 (9 - \frac{3 \cdot - 9}{3}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.10.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 12.5.10.2.1

Factor $3$ out of $3$ .

$0 + 2 (9 - \frac{3 \cdot - 9}{3 (1)}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.10.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$0 + 2 (9 - \frac{3 \cdot - 9}{3 \cdot 1}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.10.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$0 + 2 (9 - \frac{- 9}{1}) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.10.2.4

Divide $- 9$ by $1$ .

$0 + 2 (9 - - 9) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.11

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 9$ .

$0 + 2 (9 + 9) + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.12

Add $9$ and $9$ .

$0 + 2 \cdot 18 + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.13

Multiply $2$ by $18$ .

$0 + 36 + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.14

Add $0$ and $36$ .

$36 + 6 (\frac{3^{2}}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.15

Raise $3$ to the power of $2$ .

$36 + 6 (\frac{9}{2} - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.16

Raise $- 3$ to the power of $2$ .

$36 + 6 (\frac{9}{2} - \frac{9}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.17

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$36 + 6 \frac{9 - 9}{2} - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.18

Subtract $9$ from $9$ .

$36 + 6 (\frac{0}{2}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.19

Cancel the common factor of $0$ and $2$ .

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Step 12.5.19.1

Factor $2$ out of $0$ .

$36 + 6 \frac{2 (0)}{2} - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.19.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 12.5.19.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$36 + 6 \frac{2 \cdot 0}{2 \cdot 1} - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.19.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$36 + 6 \frac{2 \cdot 0}{2 \cdot 1} - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.19.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$36 + 6 (\frac{0}{1}) - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.19.2.4

Divide $0$ by $1$ .

$36 + 6 \cdot 0 - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.20

Multiply $6$ by $0$ .

$36 + 0 - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.21

Add $36$ and $0$ .

$36 - 1 \cdot 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.22

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$36 - 3 - 3$

Step 12.5.23

Subtract $3$ from $- 3$ .

$36 - 6$

Step 12.5.24

Subtract $6$ from $36$ .

$30$

Step 13