Calculus Examples

$\int_{2}^{6} x \sqrt{x - 2} d x$

Step 1

Integrate by parts using the formula $\int u d v = u v - \int v d u$ , where $u = x$ and $d v = \sqrt{x - 2}$ .

$x (\frac{2}{3} {(x - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})]_{2}^{6} - \int_{2}^{6} \frac{2}{3} {(x - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} d x$

Step 2

Simplify.

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Step 2.1

Combine $\frac{2}{3}$ and ${(x - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}}$ .

$x \frac{2 {(x - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}]_{2}^{6} - \int_{2}^{6} \frac{2}{3} {(x - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} d x$

Step 2.2

Combine $x$ and $\frac{2 {(x - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{3}$ .

$\frac{x (2 {(x - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3}]_{2}^{6} - \int_{2}^{6} \frac{2}{3} {(x - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} d x$

Step 3

Since $\frac{2}{3}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $\frac{2}{3}$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x (2 {(x - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3}]_{2}^{6} - (\frac{2}{3} \int_{2}^{6} {(x - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}} d x)$

Step 4

Let $u = x - 2$ . Then $d u = d x$ . Rewrite using $u$ and $d$ $u$ .

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Step 4.1

Let $u = x - 2$ . Find $\frac{d u}{d x}$ .

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Step 4.1.1

Differentiate $x - 2$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x - 2]$

Step 4.1.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x - 2$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]$

Step 4.1.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]$

Step 4.1.4

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 2$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$1 + 0$

Step 4.1.5

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$1$

Step 4.2

Substitute the lower limit in for $x$ in $u = x - 2$ .

$u_{lower} = 2 - 2$

Step 4.3

Subtract $2$ from $2$ .

$u_{lower} = 0$

Step 4.4

Substitute the upper limit in for $x$ in $u = x - 2$ .

$u_{upper} = 6 - 2$

Step 4.5

Subtract $2$ from $6$ .

$u_{upper} = 4$

Step 4.6

The values found for $u_{lower}$ and $u_{upper}$ will be used to evaluate the definite integral.

$u_{lower} = 0$

$u_{upper} = 4$

Step 4.7

Rewrite the problem using $u$ , $d u$ , and the new limits of integration.

$\frac{x (2 {(x - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3}]_{2}^{6} - \frac{2}{3} \int_{0}^{4} u^{\frac{3}{2}} d u$

Step 5

By the Power Rule, the integral of $u^{\frac{3}{2}}$ with respect to $u$ is $\frac{2}{5} u^{\frac{5}{2}}$ .

$\frac{x (2 {(x - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3}]_{2}^{6} - \frac{2}{3} \frac{2}{5} u^{\frac{5}{2}}]_{0}^{4}$

Step 6

Substitute and simplify.

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Step 6.1

Evaluate $\frac{x (2 {(x - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3}$ at $6$ and at $2$ .

$(\frac{6 (2 {(6 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3}) - \frac{2 (2 {(2 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} \frac{2}{5} u^{\frac{5}{2}}]_{0}^{4}$

Step 6.2

Evaluate $\frac{2}{5} u^{\frac{5}{2}}$ at $4$ and at $0$ .

$(\frac{6 (2 {(6 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3}) - \frac{2 (2 {(2 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3

Simplify.

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Step 6.3.1

Subtract $2$ from $6$ .

$\frac{6 (2 \cdot 4^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2 (2 {(2 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.2

Rewrite $4$ as $2^{2}$ .

$\frac{6 (2 \cdot {(2^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2 (2 {(2 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.3

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{6 (2 \cdot 2^{2 (\frac{3}{2})})}{3} - \frac{2 (2 {(2 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 6.3.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{6 (2 \cdot 2^{2 (\frac{3}{2})})}{3} - \frac{2 (2 {(2 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{6 (2 \cdot 2^{3})}{3} - \frac{2 (2 {(2 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.5

Raise $2$ to the power of $3$ .

$\frac{6 (2 \cdot 8)}{3} - \frac{2 (2 {(2 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.6

Multiply $2$ by $8$ .

$\frac{6 \cdot 16}{3} - \frac{2 (2 {(2 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.7

Multiply $6$ by $16$ .

$\frac{96}{3} - \frac{2 (2 {(2 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.8

Cancel the common factor of $96$ and $3$ .

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Step 6.3.8.1

Factor $3$ out of $96$ .

$\frac{3 \cdot 32}{3} - \frac{2 (2 {(2 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.8.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 6.3.8.2.1

Factor $3$ out of $3$ .

$\frac{3 \cdot 32}{3 (1)} - \frac{2 (2 {(2 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.8.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{3 \cdot 32}{3 \cdot 1} - \frac{2 (2 {(2 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.8.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{32}{1} - \frac{2 (2 {(2 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.8.2.4

Divide $32$ by $1$ .

$32 - \frac{2 (2 {(2 - 2)}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.9

Subtract $2$ from $2$ .

$32 - \frac{2 (2 \cdot 0^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.10

Rewrite $0$ as $0^{2}$ .

$32 - \frac{2 (2 \cdot {(0^{2})}^{\frac{3}{2}})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.11

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$32 - \frac{2 (2 \cdot 0^{2 (\frac{3}{2})})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.12

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 6.3.12.1

Cancel the common factor.

$32 - \frac{2 (2 \cdot 0^{2 (\frac{3}{2})})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.12.2

Rewrite the expression.

$32 - \frac{2 (2 \cdot 0^{3})}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.13

Raising $0$ to any positive power yields $0$ .

$32 - \frac{2 (2 \cdot 0)}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.14

Multiply $2$ by $0$ .

$32 - \frac{2 \cdot 0}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.15

Multiply $2$ by $0$ .

$32 - \frac{0}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.16

Cancel the common factor of $0$ and $3$ .

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Step 6.3.16.1

Factor $3$ out of $0$ .

$32 - \frac{3 (0)}{3} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.16.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 6.3.16.2.1

Factor $3$ out of $3$ .

$32 - \frac{3 \cdot 0}{3 \cdot 1} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.16.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$32 - \frac{3 \cdot 0}{3 \cdot 1} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.16.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$32 - \frac{0}{1} - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.16.2.4

Divide $0$ by $1$ .

$32 - 0 - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.17

Multiply $- 1$ by $0$ .

$32 + 0 - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.18

Add $32$ and $0$ .

$32 - \frac{2}{3} ((\frac{2}{5} \cdot 4^{\frac{5}{2}}) - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.19

Rewrite $4$ as $2^{2}$ .

$32 - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{2}{5} \cdot {(2^{2})}^{\frac{5}{2}} - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.20

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$32 - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{2}{5} \cdot 2^{2 (\frac{5}{2})} - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.21

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 6.3.21.1

Cancel the common factor.

$32 - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{2}{5} \cdot 2^{2 (\frac{5}{2})} - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.21.2

Rewrite the expression.

$32 - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{2}{5} \cdot 2^{5} - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.22

Raise $2$ to the power of $5$ .

$32 - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{2}{5} \cdot 32 - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.23

Combine $\frac{2}{5}$ and $32$ .

$32 - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{2 \cdot 32}{5} - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.24

Multiply $2$ by $32$ .

$32 - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{64}{5} - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.25

Rewrite $0$ as $0^{2}$ .

$32 - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{64}{5} - \frac{2}{5} \cdot {(0^{2})}^{\frac{5}{2}})$

Step 6.3.26

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$32 - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{64}{5} - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{2 (\frac{5}{2})})$

Step 6.3.27

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 6.3.27.1

Cancel the common factor.

$32 - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{64}{5} - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{2 (\frac{5}{2})})$

Step 6.3.27.2

Rewrite the expression.

$32 - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{64}{5} - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0^{5})$

Step 6.3.28

Raising $0$ to any positive power yields $0$ .

$32 - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{64}{5} - \frac{2}{5} \cdot 0)$

Step 6.3.29

Multiply $0$ by $- 1$ .

$32 - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{64}{5} + 0 (\frac{2}{5}))$

Step 6.3.30

Multiply $0$ by $\frac{2}{5}$ .

$32 - \frac{2}{3} (\frac{64}{5} + 0)$

Step 6.3.31

Add $\frac{64}{5}$ and $0$ .

$32 - \frac{2}{3} \cdot \frac{64}{5}$

Step 6.3.32

Multiply $\frac{64}{5}$ by $\frac{2}{3}$ .

$32 - \frac{64 \cdot 2}{5 \cdot 3}$

Step 6.3.33

Multiply $64$ by $2$ .

$32 - \frac{128}{5 \cdot 3}$

Step 6.3.34

Multiply $5$ by $3$ .

$32 - \frac{128}{15}$

Step 6.3.35

To write $32$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{15}{15}$ .

$32 \cdot \frac{15}{15} - \frac{128}{15}$

Step 6.3.36

Combine $32$ and $\frac{15}{15}$ .

$\frac{32 \cdot 15}{15} - \frac{128}{15}$

Step 6.3.37

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{32 \cdot 15 - 128}{15}$

Step 6.3.38

Simplify the numerator.

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Step 6.3.38.1

Multiply $32$ by $15$ .

$\frac{480 - 128}{15}$

Step 6.3.38.2

Subtract $128$ from $480$ .

$\frac{352}{15}$

Step 7

The result can be shown in multiple forms.

Exact Form:

$\frac{352}{15}$

Decimal Form:

$23.4\overline{6}$

Mixed Number Form:

$23 \frac{7}{15}$

Step 8