Calculus Examples

$\frac{d y}{d x} + \frac{2}{x - 2} y = {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 1

The integrating factor is defined by the formula $e^{\int P (x) d x}$ , where $P (x) = \frac{2}{x - 2}$ .

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Step 1.1

Set up the integration.

$e^{\int \frac{2}{x - 2} d x}$

Step 1.2

Integrate $\frac{2}{x - 2}$ .

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Step 1.2.1

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $2$ out of the integral.

$e^{2 \int \frac{1}{x - 2} d x}$

Step 1.2.2

Let $u = x - 2$ . Then $d u = d x$ . Rewrite using $u$ and $d$ $u$ .

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Step 1.2.2.1

Let $u = x - 2$ . Find $\frac{d u}{d x}$ .

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Step 1.2.2.1.1

Differentiate $x - 2$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x - 2]$

Step 1.2.2.1.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $x - 2$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]$

Step 1.2.2.1.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]$

Step 1.2.2.1.4

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 2$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$1 + 0$

Step 1.2.2.1.5

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$1$

Step 1.2.2.2

Rewrite the problem using $u$ and $d u$ .

$e^{2 \int \frac{1}{u} d u}$

Step 1.2.3

The integral of $\frac{1}{u}$ with respect to $u$ is $\ln (| u |)$ .

$e^{2 (\ln (| u |) + C)}$

Step 1.2.4

Simplify.

$e^{2 \ln (| u |) + C}$

Step 1.2.5

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $x - 2$ .

$e^{2 \ln (| x - 2 |) + C}$

Step 1.3

Remove the constant of integration.

$e^{2 \ln (x - 2)}$

Step 1.4

Use the logarithmic power rule.

$e^{\ln ({(x - 2)}^{2})}$

Step 1.5

Exponentiation and log are inverse functions.

${(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 1.6

Rewrite ${(x - 2)}^{2}$ as $(x - 2) (x - 2)$ .

$(x - 2) (x - 2)$

Step 1.7

Expand $(x - 2) (x - 2)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 1.7.1

Apply the distributive property.

$x (x - 2) - 2 (x - 2)$

Step 1.7.2

Apply the distributive property.

$x \cdot x + x \cdot - 2 - 2 (x - 2)$

Step 1.7.3

Apply the distributive property.

$x \cdot x + x \cdot - 2 - 2 x - 2 \cdot - 2$

Step 1.8

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 1.8.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.8.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$x^{2} + x \cdot - 2 - 2 x - 2 \cdot - 2$

Step 1.8.1.2

Move $- 2$ to the left of $x$ .

$x^{2} - 2 \cdot x - 2 x - 2 \cdot - 2$

Step 1.8.1.3

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 2$ .

$x^{2} - 2 x - 2 x + 4$

Step 1.8.2

Subtract $2 x$ from $- 2 x$ .

$x^{2} - 4 x + 4$

Step 2

Multiply each term by the integrating factor $x^{2} - 4 x + 4$ .

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Step 2.1

Multiply each term by $x^{2} - 4 x + 4$ .

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) \frac{d y}{d x} + (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) (\frac{2}{x - 2} y) = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.2

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) (\frac{2}{x - 2} y) = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.2.2

Combine $\frac{2}{x - 2}$ and $y$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) \frac{2 y}{x - 2} = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.2.3

Multiply $x^{2} - 4 x + 4$ by $\frac{2 y}{x - 2}$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + \frac{(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) (2 y)}{x - 2} = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.2.4

Factor using the perfect square rule.

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Step 2.2.4.1

Rewrite $4$ as $2^{2}$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + \frac{(x^{2} - 4 x + 2^{2}) \cdot 2 y}{x - 2} = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.2.4.2

Check that the middle term is two times the product of the numbers being squared in the first term and third term.

$4 x = 2 \cdot x \cdot 2$

Step 2.2.4.3

Rewrite the polynomial.

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + \frac{(x^{2} - 2 \cdot x \cdot 2 + 2^{2}) \cdot 2 y}{x - 2} = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.2.4.4

Factor using the perfect square trinomial rule $a^{2} - 2 a b + b^{2} = {(a - b)}^{2}$ , where $a = x$ and $b = 2$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + \frac{{(x - 2)}^{2} \cdot 2 y}{x - 2} = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.2.5

Cancel the common factor of ${(x - 2)}^{2}$ and $x - 2$ .

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Step 2.2.5.1

Factor $x - 2$ out of ${(x - 2)}^{2} \cdot 2 y$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + \frac{(x - 2) ((x - 2) \cdot 2 y)}{x - 2} = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.2.5.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.2.5.2.1

Multiply by $1$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + \frac{(x - 2) ((x - 2) \cdot 2 y)}{(x - 2) \cdot 1} = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.2.5.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + \frac{(x - 2) ((x - 2) \cdot 2 y)}{(x - 2) \cdot 1} = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.2.5.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + \frac{(x - 2) \cdot 2 y}{1} = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.2.5.2.4

Divide $(x - 2) \cdot 2 y$ by $1$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + (x - 2) \cdot 2 y = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.2.6

Apply the distributive property.

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + (x \cdot 2 - 2 \cdot 2) y = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.2.7

Move $2$ to the left of $x$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + (2 \cdot x - 2 \cdot 2) y = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.2.8

Multiply $- 2$ by $2$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + (2 \cdot x - 4) y = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.2.9

Apply the distributive property.

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) {(x - 2)}^{2}$

Step 2.3

Rewrite ${(x - 2)}^{2}$ as $(x - 2) (x - 2)$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) ((x - 2) (x - 2))$

Step 2.4

Expand $(x - 2) (x - 2)$ using the FOIL Method.

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Step 2.4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) (x (x - 2) - 2 (x - 2))$

Step 2.4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) (x \cdot x + x \cdot - 2 - 2 (x - 2))$

Step 2.4.3

Apply the distributive property.

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) (x \cdot x + x \cdot - 2 - 2 x - 2 \cdot - 2)$

Step 2.5

Simplify and combine like terms.

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Step 2.5.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.5.1.1

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) (x^{2} + x \cdot - 2 - 2 x - 2 \cdot - 2)$

Step 2.5.1.2

Move $- 2$ to the left of $x$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) (x^{2} - 2 \cdot x - 2 x - 2 \cdot - 2)$

Step 2.5.1.3

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 2$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) (x^{2} - 2 x - 2 x + 4)$

Step 2.5.2

Subtract $2 x$ from $- 2 x$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = (x^{2} - 4 x + 4) (x^{2} - 4 x + 4)$

Step 2.6

Expand $(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) (x^{2} - 4 x + 4)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{2} x^{2} + x^{2} (- 4 x) + x^{2} \cdot 4 - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.7.1

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.7.1.1

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{2 + 2} + x^{2} (- 4 x) + x^{2} \cdot 4 - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.1.2

Add $2$ and $2$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} + x^{2} (- 4 x) + x^{2} \cdot 4 - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.2

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 x^{2} x + x^{2} \cdot 4 - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.3

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.7.3.1

Move $x$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 (x \cdot x^{2}) + x^{2} \cdot 4 - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.3.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 2.7.3.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 (x^{1} x^{2}) + x^{2} \cdot 4 - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.3.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 x^{1 + 2} + x^{2} \cdot 4 - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.3.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + x^{2} \cdot 4 - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.4

Move $4$ to the left of $x^{2}$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 \cdot x^{2} - 4 x \cdot x^{2} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.5

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.7.5.1

Move $x^{2}$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 (x^{2} x) - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.5.2

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ .

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Step 2.7.5.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 (x^{2} x^{1}) - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.5.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{2 + 1} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.5.3

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 4 x (- 4 x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.6

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 4 \cdot - 4 x \cdot x - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.7

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.7.7.1

Move $x$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 4 \cdot - 4 (x \cdot x) - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.7.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} - 4 \cdot - 4 x^{2} - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.8

Multiply $- 4$ by $- 4$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} - 4 x \cdot 4 + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.9

Multiply $4$ by $- 4$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} - 16 x + 4 x^{2} + 4 (- 4 x) + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.10

Multiply $- 4$ by $4$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} - 16 x + 4 x^{2} - 16 x + 4 \cdot 4$

Step 2.7.11

Multiply $4$ by $4$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 4 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} - 4 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} - 16 x + 4 x^{2} - 16 x + 16$

Step 2.8

Subtract $4 x^{3}$ from $- 4 x^{3}$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 8 x^{3} + 4 x^{2} + 16 x^{2} - 16 x + 4 x^{2} - 16 x + 16$

Step 2.9

Add $4 x^{2}$ and $16 x^{2}$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 8 x^{3} + 20 x^{2} - 16 x + 4 x^{2} - 16 x + 16$

Step 2.10

Add $20 x^{2}$ and $4 x^{2}$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 8 x^{3} + 24 x^{2} - 16 x - 16 x + 16$

Step 2.11

Subtract $16 x$ from $- 16 x$ .

$x^{2} \frac{d y}{d x} - 4 x \frac{d y}{d x} + 4 \frac{d y}{d x} + 2 x y - 4 y = x^{4} - 8 x^{3} + 24 x^{2} - 32 x + 16$

Step 3

Rewrite the left side as a result of differentiating a product.

$\frac{d}{d x} [(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y] = x^{4} - 8 x^{3} + 24 x^{2} - 32 x + 16$

Step 4

Set up an integral on each side.

$\int \frac{d}{d x} [(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y] d x = \int x^{4} - 8 x^{3} + 24 x^{2} - 32 x + 16 d x$

Step 5

Integrate the left side.

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \int x^{4} - 8 x^{3} + 24 x^{2} - 32 x + 16 d x$

Step 6

Integrate the right side.

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Step 6.1

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \int x^{4} d x + \int - 8 x^{3} d x + \int 24 x^{2} d x + \int - 32 x d x + \int 16 d x$

Step 6.2

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{4}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{5} x^{5}$ .

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C + \int - 8 x^{3} d x + \int 24 x^{2} d x + \int - 32 x d x + \int 16 d x$

Step 6.3

Since $- 8$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 8$ out of the integral.

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C - 8 \int x^{3} d x + \int 24 x^{2} d x + \int - 32 x d x + \int 16 d x$

Step 6.4

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{3}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{4} x^{4}$ .

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C - 8 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C) + \int 24 x^{2} d x + \int - 32 x d x + \int 16 d x$

Step 6.5

Since $24$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $24$ out of the integral.

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C - 8 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C) + 24 \int x^{2} d x + \int - 32 x d x + \int 16 d x$

Step 6.6

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x^{2}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} x^{3}$ .

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C - 8 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C) + 24 (\frac{1}{3} x^{3} + C) + \int - 32 x d x + \int 16 d x$

Step 6.7

Since $- 32$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 32$ out of the integral.

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C - 8 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C) + 24 (\frac{1}{3} x^{3} + C) - 32 \int x d x + \int 16 d x$

Step 6.8

By the Power Rule, the integral of $x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{2} x^{2}$ .

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C - 8 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C) + 24 (\frac{1}{3} x^{3} + C) - 32 (\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C) + \int 16 d x$

Step 6.9

Apply the constant rule.

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C - 8 (\frac{1}{4} x^{4} + C) + 24 (\frac{1}{3} x^{3} + C) - 32 (\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C) + 16 x + C$

Step 6.10

Simplify.

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Step 6.10.1

Simplify.

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Step 6.10.1.1

Combine $\frac{1}{4}$ and $x^{4}$ .

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C - 8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) + 24 (\frac{1}{3} x^{3} + C) - 32 (\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C) + 16 x + C$

Step 6.10.1.2

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $x^{3}$ .

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C - 8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) + 24 (\frac{x^{3}}{3} + C) - 32 (\frac{1}{2} x^{2} + C) + 16 x + C$

Step 6.10.1.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $x^{2}$ .

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \frac{1}{5} x^{5} + C - 8 (\frac{x^{4}}{4} + C) + 24 (\frac{x^{3}}{3} + C) - 32 (\frac{x^{2}}{2} + C) + 16 x + C$

Step 6.10.2

Simplify.

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \frac{x^{5}}{5} - 2 x^{4} + 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2} + 16 x + C$

Step 6.10.3

Reorder terms.

$(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \frac{1}{5} x^{5} - 2 x^{4} + 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2} + 16 x + C$

Step 7

Divide each term in $(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \frac{1}{5} x^{5} - 2 x^{4} + 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2} + 16 x + C$ by $x^{2} - 4 x + 4$ and simplify.

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Step 7.1

Divide each term in $(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y = \frac{1}{5} x^{5} - 2 x^{4} + 8 x^{3} - 16 x^{2} + 16 x + C$ by $x^{2} - 4 x + 4$ .

$\frac{(x^{2} - 4 x + 4) y}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} = \frac{\frac{1}{5} x^{5}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{- 2 x^{4}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 7.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $x^{2} - 4 x + 4$ .

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Step 7.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 7.2.1.2

Divide $y$ by $1$ .

$y = \frac{\frac{1}{5} x^{5}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{- 2 x^{4}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 7.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 7.3.1.1

Combine $\frac{1}{5}$ and $x^{5}$ .

$y = \frac{\frac{x^{5}}{5}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{- 2 x^{4}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.2

Factor using the perfect square rule.

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Step 7.3.1.2.1

Rewrite $4$ as $2^{2}$ .

$y = \frac{\frac{x^{5}}{5}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 2^{2}} + \frac{- 2 x^{4}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.2.2

Check that the middle term is two times the product of the numbers being squared in the first term and third term.

$4 x = 2 \cdot x \cdot 2$

Step 7.3.1.2.3

Rewrite the polynomial.

$y = \frac{\frac{x^{5}}{5}}{x^{2} - 2 \cdot x \cdot 2 + 2^{2}} + \frac{- 2 x^{4}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.2.4

Factor using the perfect square trinomial rule $a^{2} - 2 a b + b^{2} = {(a - b)}^{2}$ , where $a = x$ and $b = 2$ .

$y = \frac{\frac{x^{5}}{5}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{- 2 x^{4}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.3

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5} \cdot \frac{1}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{- 2 x^{4}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.4

Combine.

$y = \frac{x^{5} \cdot 1}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{- 2 x^{4}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.5

Multiply $x^{5}$ by $1$ .

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{- 2 x^{4}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.6

Factor using the perfect square rule.

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Step 7.3.1.6.1

Rewrite $4$ as $2^{2}$ .

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{- 2 x^{4}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 2^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.6.2

Check that the middle term is two times the product of the numbers being squared in the first term and third term.

$4 x = 2 \cdot x \cdot 2$

Step 7.3.1.6.3

Rewrite the polynomial.

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{- 2 x^{4}}{x^{2} - 2 \cdot x \cdot 2 + 2^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.6.4

Factor using the perfect square trinomial rule $a^{2} - 2 a b + b^{2} = {(a - b)}^{2}$ , where $a = x$ and $b = 2$ .

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{- 2 x^{4}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.7

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{2 x^{4}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.8

Factor using the perfect square rule.

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Step 7.3.1.8.1

Rewrite $4$ as $2^{2}$ .

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{2 x^{4}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 2^{2}} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.8.2

Check that the middle term is two times the product of the numbers being squared in the first term and third term.

$4 x = 2 \cdot x \cdot 2$

Step 7.3.1.8.3

Rewrite the polynomial.

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{2 x^{4}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{x^{2} - 2 \cdot x \cdot 2 + 2^{2}} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.8.4

Factor using the perfect square trinomial rule $a^{2} - 2 a b + b^{2} = {(a - b)}^{2}$ , where $a = x$ and $b = 2$ .

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{2 x^{4}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.9

Factor using the perfect square rule.

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Step 7.3.1.9.1

Rewrite $4$ as $2^{2}$ .

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{2 x^{4}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 4 x + 2^{2}} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.9.2

Check that the middle term is two times the product of the numbers being squared in the first term and third term.

$4 x = 2 \cdot x \cdot 2$

Step 7.3.1.9.3

Rewrite the polynomial.

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{2 x^{4}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{x^{2} - 2 \cdot x \cdot 2 + 2^{2}} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.9.4

Factor using the perfect square trinomial rule $a^{2} - 2 a b + b^{2} = {(a - b)}^{2}$ , where $a = x$ and $b = 2$ .

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{2 x^{4}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{- 16 x^{2}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.10

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{2 x^{4}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{16 x^{2}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.11

Factor using the perfect square rule.

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Step 7.3.1.11.1

Rewrite $4$ as $2^{2}$ .

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{2 x^{4}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{16 x^{2}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 4 x + 2^{2}} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.11.2

Check that the middle term is two times the product of the numbers being squared in the first term and third term.

$4 x = 2 \cdot x \cdot 2$

Step 7.3.1.11.3

Rewrite the polynomial.

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{2 x^{4}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{16 x^{2}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{16 x}{x^{2} - 2 \cdot x \cdot 2 + 2^{2}} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.11.4

Factor using the perfect square trinomial rule $a^{2} - 2 a b + b^{2} = {(a - b)}^{2}$ , where $a = x$ and $b = 2$ .

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{2 x^{4}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{16 x^{2}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{16 x}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 4}$

Step 7.3.1.12

Factor using the perfect square rule.

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Step 7.3.1.12.1

Rewrite $4$ as $2^{2}$ .

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{2 x^{4}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{16 x^{2}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{16 x}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 4 x + 2^{2}}$

Step 7.3.1.12.2

Check that the middle term is two times the product of the numbers being squared in the first term and third term.

$4 x = 2 \cdot x \cdot 2$

Step 7.3.1.12.3

Rewrite the polynomial.

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{2 x^{4}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{16 x^{2}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{16 x}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{C}{x^{2} - 2 \cdot x \cdot 2 + 2^{2}}$

Step 7.3.1.12.4

Factor using the perfect square trinomial rule $a^{2} - 2 a b + b^{2} = {(a - b)}^{2}$ , where $a = x$ and $b = 2$ .

$y = \frac{x^{5}}{5 {(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{2 x^{4}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{8 x^{3}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} - \frac{16 x^{2}}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{16 x}{{(x - 2)}^{2}} + \frac{C}{{(x - 2)}^{2}}$