Calculus Examples

$\frac{d x}{d y} + (\frac{4}{y + 1}) x = \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 1

The integrating factor is defined by the formula $e^{\int P (y) d y}$ , where $P (y) = \frac{4}{y + 1}$ .

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Step 1.1

Set up the integration.

$e^{\int \frac{4}{y + 1} d y}$

Step 1.2

Integrate $\frac{4}{y + 1}$ .

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Step 1.2.1

Since $4$ is constant with respect to $y$ , move $4$ out of the integral.

$e^{4 \int \frac{1}{y + 1} d y}$

Step 1.2.2

Let $u = y + 1$ . Then $d u = d y$ . Rewrite using $u$ and $d$ $u$ .

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Step 1.2.2.1

Let $u = y + 1$ . Find $\frac{d u}{d y}$ .

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Step 1.2.2.1.1

Differentiate $y + 1$ .

$\frac{d}{d y} [y + 1]$

Step 1.2.2.1.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $y + 1$ with respect to $y$ is $\frac{d}{d y} [y] + \frac{d}{d y} [1]$ .

$\frac{d}{d y} [y] + \frac{d}{d y} [1]$

Step 1.2.2.1.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d y} [y^{n}]$ is $n y^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$1 + \frac{d}{d y} [1]$

Step 1.2.2.1.4

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $y$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $y$ is $0$ .

$1 + 0$

Step 1.2.2.1.5

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$1$

Step 1.2.2.2

Rewrite the problem using $u$ and $d u$ .

$e^{4 \int \frac{1}{u} d u}$

Step 1.2.3

The integral of $\frac{1}{u}$ with respect to $u$ is $\ln (| u |)$ .

$e^{4 (\ln (| u |) + C)}$

Step 1.2.4

Simplify.

$e^{4 \ln (| u |) + C}$

Step 1.2.5

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $y + 1$ .

$e^{4 \ln (| y + 1 |) + C}$

Step 1.3

Remove the constant of integration.

$e^{4 \ln (y + 1)}$

Step 1.4

Use the logarithmic power rule.

$e^{\ln ({(y + 1)}^{4})}$

Step 1.5

Exponentiation and log are inverse functions.

${(y + 1)}^{4}$

Step 1.6

Use the Binomial Theorem.

$y^{4} + 4 y^{3} \cdot 1 + 6 y^{2} \cdot 1^{2} + 4 y \cdot 1^{3} + 1^{4}$

Step 1.7

Simplify each term.

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Step 1.7.1

Multiply $4$ by $1$ .

$y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} \cdot 1^{2} + 4 y \cdot 1^{3} + 1^{4}$

Step 1.7.2

One to any power is one.

$y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} \cdot 1 + 4 y \cdot 1^{3} + 1^{4}$

Step 1.7.3

Multiply $6$ by $1$ .

$y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y \cdot 1^{3} + 1^{4}$

Step 1.7.4

One to any power is one.

$y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y \cdot 1 + 1^{4}$

Step 1.7.5

Multiply $4$ by $1$ .

$y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1^{4}$

Step 1.7.6

One to any power is one.

$y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1$

Step 2

Multiply each term by the integrating factor $y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1$ .

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Step 2.1

Multiply each term by $y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1$ .

$(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{d x}{d y} + (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) ((\frac{4}{y + 1}) x) = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.2.1

Apply the distributive property.

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + 1 \frac{d x}{d y} + (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) ((\frac{4}{y + 1}) x) = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.2

Multiply $\frac{d x}{d y}$ by $1$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) ((\frac{4}{y + 1}) x) = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.3

Combine $\frac{4}{y + 1}$ and $x$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{4 x}{y + 1} = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.4

Multiply $y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1$ by $\frac{4 x}{y + 1}$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) (4 x)}{y + 1} = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.5

Factor $y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1$ using the binomial theorem.

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{{(y + 1)}^{4} \cdot 4 x}{y + 1} = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.6

Cancel the common factor of ${(y + 1)}^{4}$ and $y + 1$ .

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Step 2.2.6.1

Factor $y + 1$ out of ${(y + 1)}^{4} \cdot 4 x$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{(y + 1) ({(y + 1)}^{3} \cdot 4 x)}{y + 1} = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.6.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.2.6.2.1

Multiply by $1$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{(y + 1) ({(y + 1)}^{3} \cdot 4 x)}{(y + 1) \cdot 1} = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.6.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

Step 2.2.6.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{{(y + 1)}^{3} \cdot 4 x}{1} = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.6.2.4

Divide ${(y + 1)}^{3} \cdot 4 x$ by $1$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + {(y + 1)}^{3} \cdot 4 x = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.7

Use the Binomial Theorem.

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + (y^{3} + 3 y^{2} \cdot 1 + 3 y \cdot 1^{2} + 1^{3}) \cdot 4 x = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.8

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.2.8.1

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + (y^{3} + 3 y^{2} + 3 y \cdot 1^{2} + 1^{3}) \cdot 4 x = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.8.2

One to any power is one.

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + (y^{3} + 3 y^{2} + 3 y \cdot 1 + 1^{3}) \cdot 4 x = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.8.3

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + (y^{3} + 3 y^{2} + 3 y + 1^{3}) \cdot 4 x = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.8.4

One to any power is one.

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + (y^{3} + 3 y^{2} + 3 y + 1) \cdot 4 x = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.9

Apply the distributive property.

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + (y^{3} \cdot 4 + 3 y^{2} \cdot 4 + 3 y \cdot 4 + 1 \cdot 4) x = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.10

Simplify.

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Step 2.2.10.1

Move $4$ to the left of $y^{3}$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + (4 \cdot y^{3} + 3 y^{2} \cdot 4 + 3 y \cdot 4 + 1 \cdot 4) x = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.10.2

Multiply $4$ by $3$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + (4 \cdot y^{3} + 12 y^{2} + 3 y \cdot 4 + 1 \cdot 4) x = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.10.3

Multiply $4$ by $3$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + (4 \cdot y^{3} + 12 y^{2} + 12 y + 1 \cdot 4) x = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.10.4

Multiply $4$ by $1$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + (4 \cdot y^{3} + 12 y^{2} + 12 y + 4) x = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.2.11

Apply the distributive property.

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = (y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) \frac{y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.3

Multiply $y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1$ by $\frac{y}{y + 1}$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = \frac{(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.4

Factor $y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1$ using the binomial theorem.

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = \frac{{(y + 1)}^{4} y}{y + 1}$

Step 2.5

Cancel the common factor of ${(y + 1)}^{4}$ and $y + 1$ .

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Step 2.5.1

Factor $y + 1$ out of ${(y + 1)}^{4} y$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = \frac{(y + 1) ({(y + 1)}^{3} y)}{y + 1}$

Step 2.5.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 2.5.2.1

Multiply by $1$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = \frac{(y + 1) ({(y + 1)}^{3} y)}{(y + 1) \cdot 1}$

Step 2.5.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

Step 2.5.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = \frac{{(y + 1)}^{3} y}{1}$

Step 2.5.2.4

Divide ${(y + 1)}^{3} y$ by $1$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = {(y + 1)}^{3} y$

Step 2.6

Use the Binomial Theorem.

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = (y^{3} + 3 y^{2} \cdot 1 + 3 y \cdot 1^{2} + 1^{3}) y$

Step 2.7

Simplify each term.

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Step 2.7.1

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = (y^{3} + 3 y^{2} + 3 y \cdot 1^{2} + 1^{3}) y$

Step 2.7.2

One to any power is one.

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = (y^{3} + 3 y^{2} + 3 y \cdot 1 + 1^{3}) y$

Step 2.7.3

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = (y^{3} + 3 y^{2} + 3 y + 1^{3}) y$

Step 2.7.4

One to any power is one.

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = (y^{3} + 3 y^{2} + 3 y + 1) y$

Step 2.8

Apply the distributive property.

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = y^{3} y + 3 y^{2} y + 3 y \cdot y + 1 y$

Step 2.9

Simplify.

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Step 2.9.1

Multiply $y^{3}$ by $y$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.9.1.1

Multiply $y^{3}$ by $y$ .

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Step 2.9.1.1.1

Raise $y$ to the power of $1$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = y^{3} y^{1} + 3 y^{2} y + 3 y \cdot y + 1 y$

Step 2.9.1.1.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = y^{3 + 1} + 3 y^{2} y + 3 y \cdot y + 1 y$

Step 2.9.1.2

Add $3$ and $1$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = y^{4} + 3 y^{2} y + 3 y \cdot y + 1 y$

Step 2.9.2

Multiply $y^{2}$ by $y$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.9.2.1

Move $y$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = y^{4} + 3 (y \cdot y^{2}) + 3 y \cdot y + 1 y$

Step 2.9.2.2

Multiply $y$ by $y^{2}$ .

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Step 2.9.2.2.1

Raise $y$ to the power of $1$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = y^{4} + 3 (y^{1} y^{2}) + 3 y \cdot y + 1 y$

Step 2.9.2.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = y^{4} + 3 y^{1 + 2} + 3 y \cdot y + 1 y$

Step 2.9.2.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = y^{4} + 3 y^{3} + 3 y \cdot y + 1 y$

Step 2.9.3

Multiply $y$ by $y$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 2.9.3.1

Move $y$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = y^{4} + 3 y^{3} + 3 (y \cdot y) + 1 y$

Step 2.9.3.2

Multiply $y$ by $y$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = y^{4} + 3 y^{3} + 3 y^{2} + 1 y$

Step 2.9.4

Multiply $y$ by $1$ .

$y^{4} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} \frac{d x}{d y} + 6 y^{2} \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y \frac{d x}{d y} + \frac{d x}{d y} + 4 y^{3} x + 12 y^{2} x + 12 y x + 4 x = y^{4} + 3 y^{3} + 3 y^{2} + y$

Step 3

Rewrite the left side as a result of differentiating a product.

$\frac{d}{d y} [(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x] = y^{4} + 3 y^{3} + 3 y^{2} + y$

Step 4

Set up an integral on each side.

$\int \frac{d}{d y} [(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x] d y = \int y^{4} + 3 y^{3} + 3 y^{2} + y d y$

Step 5

Integrate the left side.

$(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x = \int y^{4} + 3 y^{3} + 3 y^{2} + y d y$

Step 6

Integrate the right side.

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Step 6.1

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x = \int y^{4} d y + \int 3 y^{3} d y + \int 3 y^{2} d y + \int y d y$

Step 6.2

By the Power Rule, the integral of $y^{4}$ with respect to $y$ is $\frac{1}{5} y^{5}$ .

$(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x = \frac{1}{5} y^{5} + C + \int 3 y^{3} d y + \int 3 y^{2} d y + \int y d y$

Step 6.3

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $y$ , move $3$ out of the integral.

$(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x = \frac{1}{5} y^{5} + C + 3 \int y^{3} d y + \int 3 y^{2} d y + \int y d y$

Step 6.4

By the Power Rule, the integral of $y^{3}$ with respect to $y$ is $\frac{1}{4} y^{4}$ .

$(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x = \frac{1}{5} y^{5} + C + 3 (\frac{1}{4} y^{4} + C) + \int 3 y^{2} d y + \int y d y$

Step 6.5

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $y$ , move $3$ out of the integral.

$(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x = \frac{1}{5} y^{5} + C + 3 (\frac{1}{4} y^{4} + C) + 3 \int y^{2} d y + \int y d y$

Step 6.6

By the Power Rule, the integral of $y^{2}$ with respect to $y$ is $\frac{1}{3} y^{3}$ .

$(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x = \frac{1}{5} y^{5} + C + 3 (\frac{1}{4} y^{4} + C) + 3 (\frac{1}{3} y^{3} + C) + \int y d y$

Step 6.7

By the Power Rule, the integral of $y$ with respect to $y$ is $\frac{1}{2} y^{2}$ .

$(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x = \frac{1}{5} y^{5} + C + 3 (\frac{1}{4} y^{4} + C) + 3 (\frac{1}{3} y^{3} + C) + \frac{1}{2} y^{2} + C$

Step 6.8

Simplify.

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Step 6.8.1

Simplify.

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Step 6.8.1.1

Combine $\frac{1}{4}$ and $y^{4}$ .

$(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x = \frac{1}{5} y^{5} + C + 3 (\frac{y^{4}}{4} + C) + 3 (\frac{1}{3} y^{3} + C) + \frac{1}{2} y^{2} + C$

Step 6.8.1.2

Combine $\frac{1}{3}$ and $y^{3}$ .

$(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x = \frac{1}{5} y^{5} + C + 3 (\frac{y^{4}}{4} + C) + 3 (\frac{y^{3}}{3} + C) + \frac{1}{2} y^{2} + C$

Step 6.8.2

Simplify.

$(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x = \frac{y^{5}}{5} + \frac{3 y^{4}}{4} + y^{3} + \frac{1}{2} y^{2} + C$

Step 6.8.3

Reorder terms.

$(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x = \frac{1}{5} y^{5} + \frac{3}{4} y^{4} + y^{3} + \frac{1}{2} y^{2} + C$

Step 7

Divide each term in $(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x = \frac{1}{5} y^{5} + \frac{3}{4} y^{4} + y^{3} + \frac{1}{2} y^{2} + C$ by $y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1$ and simplify.

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Step 7.1

Divide each term in $(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x = \frac{1}{5} y^{5} + \frac{3}{4} y^{4} + y^{3} + \frac{1}{2} y^{2} + C$ by $y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1$ .

$\frac{(y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1) x}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} = \frac{\frac{1}{5} y^{5}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{\frac{3}{4} y^{4}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{y^{3}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{\frac{1}{2} y^{2}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.2

Simplify the left side.

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Step 7.2.1

Cancel the common factor of $y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1$ .

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Step 7.2.1.1

Cancel the common factor.

Step 7.2.1.2

Divide $x$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{\frac{1}{5} y^{5}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{\frac{3}{4} y^{4}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{y^{3}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{\frac{1}{2} y^{2}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3

Simplify the right side.

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Step 7.3.1

Simplify each term.

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Step 7.3.1.1

Combine $\frac{1}{5}$ and $y^{5}$ .

$x = \frac{\frac{y^{5}}{5}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{\frac{3}{4} y^{4}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{y^{3}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{\frac{1}{2} y^{2}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3.1.2

Factor $y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1$ using the binomial theorem.

$x = \frac{\frac{y^{5}}{5}}{{(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{\frac{3}{4} y^{4}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{y^{3}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{\frac{1}{2} y^{2}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3.1.3

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$x = \frac{y^{5}}{5} \cdot \frac{1}{{(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{\frac{3}{4} y^{4}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{y^{3}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{\frac{1}{2} y^{2}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3.1.4

Combine.

$x = \frac{y^{5} \cdot 1}{5 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{\frac{3}{4} y^{4}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{y^{3}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{\frac{1}{2} y^{2}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3.1.5

Multiply $y^{5}$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{y^{5}}{5 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{\frac{3}{4} y^{4}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{y^{3}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{\frac{1}{2} y^{2}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3.1.6

Combine $\frac{3}{4}$ and $y^{4}$ .

$x = \frac{y^{5}}{5 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{\frac{3 y^{4}}{4}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{y^{3}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{\frac{1}{2} y^{2}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3.1.7

Factor $y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1$ using the binomial theorem.

$x = \frac{y^{5}}{5 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{\frac{3 y^{4}}{4}}{{(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{y^{3}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{\frac{1}{2} y^{2}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3.1.8

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$x = \frac{y^{5}}{5 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{3 y^{4}}{4} \cdot \frac{1}{{(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{y^{3}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{\frac{1}{2} y^{2}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3.1.9

Combine.

$x = \frac{y^{5}}{5 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{3 y^{4} \cdot 1}{4 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{y^{3}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{\frac{1}{2} y^{2}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3.1.10

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{y^{5}}{5 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{3 y^{4}}{4 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{y^{3}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{\frac{1}{2} y^{2}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3.1.11

Factor $y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1$ using the binomial theorem.

$x = \frac{y^{5}}{5 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{3 y^{4}}{4 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{y^{3}}{{(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{\frac{1}{2} y^{2}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3.1.12

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $y^{2}$ .

$x = \frac{y^{5}}{5 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{3 y^{4}}{4 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{y^{3}}{{(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{\frac{y^{2}}{2}}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3.1.13

Factor $y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1$ using the binomial theorem.

$x = \frac{y^{5}}{5 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{3 y^{4}}{4 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{y^{3}}{{(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{\frac{y^{2}}{2}}{{(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3.1.14

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$x = \frac{y^{5}}{5 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{3 y^{4}}{4 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{y^{3}}{{(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{y^{2}}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3.1.15

Combine.

$x = \frac{y^{5}}{5 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{3 y^{4}}{4 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{y^{3}}{{(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{y^{2} \cdot 1}{2 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3.1.16

Multiply $y^{2}$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{y^{5}}{5 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{3 y^{4}}{4 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{y^{3}}{{(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{y^{2}}{2 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{C}{y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1}$

Step 7.3.1.17

Factor $y^{4} + 4 y^{3} + 6 y^{2} + 4 y + 1$ using the binomial theorem.

$x = \frac{y^{5}}{5 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{3 y^{4}}{4 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{y^{3}}{{(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{y^{2}}{2 {(y + 1)}^{4}} + \frac{C}{{(y + 1)}^{4}}$