Calculus Examples

$\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g (x)}{| g (x) | \sqrt{{(g (x))}^{2} - 1}} d x$

Step 1

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 1.1

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x}{| g x | \sqrt{{(g x)}^{2} - 1^{2}}} d x]$

Step 1.2

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = g x$ and $b = 1$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x}{| g x | \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}} d x]$

Step 2

Multiply $\frac{g x}{| g x | \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x}{| g x | \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}} d x]$

Step 3

Combine and simplify the denominator.

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Step 3.1

Multiply $\frac{g x}{| g x | \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}$ by $\frac{\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)} \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}} d x]$

Step 3.2

Move $\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | (\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)} \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)})} d x]$

Step 3.3

Raise $\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | ({\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}^{1} \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)})} d x]$

Step 3.4

Raise $\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | ({\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}^{1} {\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}^{1})} d x]$

Step 3.5

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | {\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}^{1 + 1}} d x]$

Step 3.6

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | {\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}^{2}} d x]$

Step 3.7

Rewrite ${\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}^{2}$ as $(g x + 1) (g x - 1)$ .

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Step 3.7.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}$ as ${((g x + 1) (g x - 1))}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | {({((g x + 1) (g x - 1))}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} d x]$

Step 3.7.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | {((g x + 1) (g x - 1))}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}} d x]$

Step 3.7.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | {((g x + 1) (g x - 1))}^{\frac{2}{2}}} d x]$

Step 3.7.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 3.7.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | {((g x + 1) (g x - 1))}^{\frac{2}{2}}} d x]$

Step 3.7.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | {((g x + 1) (g x - 1))}^{1}} d x]$

Step 3.7.5

Simplify.

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | ((g x + 1) (g x - 1))} d x]$

Step 4

Simplify the denominator.

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Step 4.1

Rewrite.

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)} \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}} d x]$

Step 4.2

Move $\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | (\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)} \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)})} d x]$

Step 4.3

Raise $\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | ({\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}^{1} \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)})} d x]$

Step 4.4

Raise $\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | ({\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}^{1} {\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}^{1})} d x]$

Step 4.5

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | {\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}^{1 + 1}} d x]$

Step 4.6

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | {\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}^{2}} d x]$

Step 4.7

Rewrite ${\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}^{2}$ as $(g x + 1) (g x - 1)$ .

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Step 4.7.1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}$ as ${((g x + 1) (g x - 1))}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | {({((g x + 1) (g x - 1))}^{\frac{1}{2}})}^{2}} d x]$

Step 4.7.2

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | {((g x + 1) (g x - 1))}^{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2}} d x]$

Step 4.7.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | {((g x + 1) (g x - 1))}^{\frac{2}{2}}} d x]$

Step 4.7.4

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 4.7.4.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | {((g x + 1) (g x - 1))}^{\frac{2}{2}}} d x]$

Step 4.7.4.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | {((g x + 1) (g x - 1))}^{1}} d x]$

Step 4.7.5

Simplify.

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | ((g x + 1) (g x - 1))} d x]$

Step 4.8

Remove unnecessary parentheses.

$\frac{d}{d b} [\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | (g x + 1) (g x - 1)} d x]$

Step 5

Take the derivative of $\int_{a}^{b} \frac{g x \sqrt{(g x + 1) (g x - 1)}}{| g x | (g x + 1) (g x - 1)} d x$ with respect to $b$ using Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

$\frac{g b \sqrt{(g b + 1) (g b - 1)}}{| g b | (g b + 1) (g b - 1)}$

Step 6

Simplify.

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Step 6.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{g b \sqrt{(g b + 1) (g b - 1)}}{(| g b | (g b) + | g b | \cdot 1) (g b - 1)}$

Step 6.2

Multiply $| g b |$ by $1$ .

$\frac{g b \sqrt{(g b + 1) (g b - 1)}}{(| g b | (g b) + | g b |) (g b - 1)}$

Step 6.3

Reorder terms.

$\frac{b g \sqrt{(g b + 1) (g b - 1)}}{(g b - 1) (| g b | (g b) + | g b |)}$

Step 6.4

Factor $| g b |$ out of $| g b | (g b) + | g b |$ .

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Step 6.4.1

Multiply by $1$ .

$\frac{b g \sqrt{(g b + 1) (g b - 1)}}{(g b - 1) (| g b | (g b) + | g b | \cdot 1)}$

Step 6.4.2

Factor $| g b |$ out of $| g b | (g b) + | g b | \cdot 1$ .

$\frac{b g \sqrt{(g b + 1) (g b - 1)}}{(g b - 1) (| g b | (g b + 1))}$

$\frac{b g \sqrt{(g b + 1) (g b - 1)}}{(g b - 1) | g b | (g b + 1)}$

Step 6.5

Reorder factors in $\frac{b g \sqrt{(g b + 1) (g b - 1)}}{(g b - 1) | g b | (g b + 1)}$ .

$\frac{b g \sqrt{(g b + 1) (g b - 1)}}{| g b | (g b - 1) (g b + 1)}$