Calculus Examples

$\frac{\sqrt{3 x - 2}}{x}$

Step 1

Use $\sqrt[n]{a^{x}} = a^{\frac{x}{n}}$ to rewrite $\sqrt{3 x - 2}$ as ${(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{{(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{x}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = x$ .

$\frac{x \frac{d}{d x} [{(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}] - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 3

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $g (x) = 3 x - 2$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u$ as $3 x - 2$ .

$\frac{x (\frac{d}{d u} [u^{\frac{1}{2}}] \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 2]) - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 3.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u} [u^{n}]$ is $n u^{n - 1}$ where $n = \frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x (\frac{1}{2} u^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 2]) - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 3.3

Replace all occurrences of $u$ with $3 x - 2$ .

$\frac{x (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 2]) - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 4

To write $- 1$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{x (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 2]) - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 5

Combine $- 1$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{x (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{- 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 2]) - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 6

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{x (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1 - 1 \cdot 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 2]) - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 7

Simplify the numerator.

Tap for more steps...

Step 7.1

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{x (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1 - 2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 2]) - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 7.2

Subtract $2$ from $1$ .

$\frac{x (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{- 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 2]) - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 8

Combine fractions.

Tap for more steps...

Step 8.1

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{x (\frac{1}{2} {(3 x - 2)}^{- \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 2]) - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 8.2

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and ${(3 x - 2)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ .

$\frac{x (\frac{{(3 x - 2)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}}{2} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 2]) - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 8.3

Move ${(3 x - 2)}^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ to the denominator using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$\frac{x (\frac{1}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 2]) - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 8.4

Combine $\frac{1}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $x$ .

$\frac{\frac{x}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \frac{d}{d x} [3 x - 2] - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 9

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $3 x - 2$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [3 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]$ .

$\frac{\frac{x}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (\frac{d}{d x} [3 x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]) - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 10

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3 x$ with respect to $x$ is $3 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{\frac{x}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3 \frac{d}{d x} [x] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]) - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 11

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3 \cdot 1 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]) - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 12

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$\frac{\frac{x}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2]) - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 13

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 2$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{\frac{x}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} (3 + 0) - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 14

Combine fractions.

Tap for more steps...

Step 14.1

Add $3$ and $0$ .

$\frac{\frac{x}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot 3 - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 14.2

Combine $\frac{x}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ and $3$ .

$\frac{\frac{x \cdot 3}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 14.3

Move $3$ to the left of $x$ .

$\frac{\frac{3 \cdot x}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 15

Multiply $\frac{\frac{3 x}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$ by $\frac{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$ .

$\frac{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{3 x}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{x^{2}}$

Step 16

Combine.

$\frac{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (\frac{3 x}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} - {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x])}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 17

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{3 x}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x])}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 18

Cancel the common factor of $2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 18.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{3 x}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} + 2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x])}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 18.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{3 x + 2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} (- {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x])}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 19

Multiply $- 1$ by $2$ .

$\frac{3 x - 2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} ({(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x])}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 20

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{3 x - 2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 21

Simplify the expression.

Tap for more steps...

Step 21.1

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{3 x - 2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1 + 1}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 21.2

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{3 x - 2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 22

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 22.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{3 x - 2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{2}{2}} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 22.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{3 x - 2 {(3 x - 2)}^{1} \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 23

Simplify.

$\frac{3 x - 2 (3 x - 2) \frac{d}{d x} [x]}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 24

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{3 x - 2 (3 x - 2) \cdot 1}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 25

Multiply $- 2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{3 x - 2 (3 x - 2)}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 26

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 26.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{3 x - 2 (3 x) - 2 \cdot - 2}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 26.2

Simplify the numerator.

Tap for more steps...

Step 26.2.1

Simplify each term.

Tap for more steps...

Step 26.2.1.1

Multiply $3$ by $- 2$ .

$\frac{3 x - 6 x - 2 \cdot - 2}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 26.2.1.2

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 2$ .

$\frac{3 x - 6 x + 4}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 26.2.2

Subtract $6 x$ from $3 x$ .

$\frac{- 3 x + 4}{2 {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}} x^{2}}$

Step 26.3

Reorder terms.

$\frac{- 3 x + 4}{2 x^{2} {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 26.4

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 3 x$ .

$\frac{- (3 x) + 4}{2 x^{2} {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 26.5

Rewrite $4$ as $- 1 (- 4)$ .

$\frac{- (3 x) - 1 (- 4)}{2 x^{2} {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 26.6

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (3 x) - 1 (- 4)$ .

$\frac{- (3 x - 4)}{2 x^{2} {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 26.7

Rewrite $- (3 x - 4)$ as $- 1 (3 x - 4)$ .

$\frac{- 1 (3 x - 4)}{2 x^{2} {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$

Step 26.8

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{3 x - 4}{2 x^{2} {(3 x - 2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}$