Calculus Examples

${(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{- 3}$

Step 1

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = x^{- 3}$ and $g (x) = 3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2})$ .

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Step 1.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{1}$ as $3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2})$ .

$\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{- 3}] \frac{d}{d x} [3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2})]$

Step 1.2

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d u_{1}} [{u_{1}}^{n}]$ is $n {u_{1}}^{n - 1}$ where $n = - 3$ .

$- 3 {u_{1}}^{- 4} \frac{d}{d x} [3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2})]$

Step 1.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2})$ .

$- 3 {(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{- 4} \frac{d}{d x} [3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2})]$

Step 2

Differentiate.

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Step 2.1

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2})$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [3] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} \cot (x^{2})]$ .

$- 3 {(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{- 4} (\frac{d}{d x} [3] + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} \cot (x^{2})])$

Step 2.2

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $3$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$- 3 {(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{- 4} (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} \cot (x^{2})])$

Step 2.3

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} \cot (x^{2})]$ .

$- 3 {(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{- 4} \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2} \cot (x^{2})]$

Step 3

Differentiate using the Product Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (x) g (x)]$ is $f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)] + g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)]$ where $f (x) = x^{2}$ and $g (x) = \cot (x^{2})$ .

$- 3 {(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{- 4} (x^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [\cot (x^{2})] + \cot (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])$

Step 4

Differentiate using the chain rule, which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [f (g (x))]$ is $f' (g (x)) g' (x)$ where $f (x) = \cot (x)$ and $g (x) = x^{2}$ .

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Step 4.1

To apply the Chain Rule, set $u_{2}$ as $x^{2}$ .

$- 3 {(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{- 4} (x^{2} (\frac{d}{d u_{2}} [\cot (u_{2})] \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) + \cot (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])$

Step 4.2

The derivative of $\cot (u_{2})$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $- \csc^{2} (u_{2})$ .

$- 3 {(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{- 4} (x^{2} (- \csc^{2} (u_{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) + \cot (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])$

Step 4.3

Replace all occurrences of $u_{2}$ with $x^{2}$ .

$- 3 {(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{- 4} (x^{2} (- \csc^{2} (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]) + \cot (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])$

Step 5

Differentiate using the Power Rule.

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Step 5.1

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$- 3 {(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{- 4} (x^{2} (- \csc^{2} (x^{2}) (2 x)) + \cot (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])$

Step 5.2

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$- 3 {(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{- 4} (x^{2} (- 2 \csc^{2} (x^{2}) x) + \cot (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])$

Step 6

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

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Step 6.1

Move $x$ .

$- 3 {(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{- 4} (x \cdot x^{2} (- 2 \csc^{2} (x^{2})) + \cot (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])$

Step 6.2

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

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Step 6.2.1

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$- 3 {(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{- 4} (x^{1} x^{2} (- 2 \csc^{2} (x^{2})) + \cot (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])$

Step 6.2.2

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$- 3 {(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{- 4} (x^{1 + 2} (- 2 \csc^{2} (x^{2})) + \cot (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])$

Step 6.3

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$- 3 {(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{- 4} (x^{3} (- 2 \csc^{2} (x^{2})) + \cot (x^{2}) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}])$

Step 7

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$- 3 {(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{- 4} (x^{3} (- 2 \csc^{2} (x^{2})) + \cot (x^{2}) (2 x))$

Step 8

Rewrite the expression using the negative exponent rule $b^{- n} = \frac{1}{b^{n}}$ .

$- 3 \frac{1}{{(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{4}} (x^{3} (- 2 \csc^{2} (x^{2})) + \cot (x^{2}) (2 x))$

Step 9

Simplify.

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Step 9.1

Combine terms.

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Step 9.1.1

Combine $- 3$ and $\frac{1}{{(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{4}}$ .

$\frac{- 3}{{(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{4}} (x^{3} (- 2 \csc^{2} (x^{2})) + \cot (x^{2}) (2 x))$

Step 9.1.2

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{3}{{(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{4}} (x^{3} (- 2 \csc^{2} (x^{2})) + \cot (x^{2}) (2 x))$

Step 9.2

Reorder the factors of $- \frac{3}{{(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{4}} (x^{3} (- 2 \csc^{2} (x^{2})) + \cot (x^{2}) (2 x))$ .

$- (x^{3} (- 2 \csc^{2} (x^{2})) + \cot (x^{2}) (2 x)) \frac{3}{{(3 + x^{2} \cot (x^{2}))}^{4}}$