Calculus Examples

$\frac{1 - 2 x}{3 x^{2}}$

Step 1

Since $\frac{1}{3}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $\frac{1 - 2 x}{3 x^{2}}$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{2}}]$ .

$\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{d x} [\frac{1 - 2 x}{x^{2}}]$

Step 2

Differentiate using the Quotient Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [\frac{f (x)}{g (x)}]$ is $\frac{g (x) \frac{d}{d x} [f (x)] - f (x) \frac{d}{d x} [g (x)]}{{g (x)}^{2}}$ where $f (x) = 1 - 2 x$ and $g (x) = x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{x^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - 2 x] - (1 - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}{{(x^{2})}^{2}}$

Step 3

Differentiate.

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.1

Multiply the exponents in ${(x^{2})}^{2}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.1.1

Apply the power rule and multiply exponents, ${(a^{m})}^{n} = a^{m n}$ .

$\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{x^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - 2 x] - (1 - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}{x^{2 \cdot 2}}$

Step 3.1.2

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{x^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [1 - 2 x] - (1 - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}{x^{4}}$

Step 3.2

By the Sum Rule, the derivative of $1 - 2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x]$ .

$\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{x^{2} (\frac{d}{d x} [1] + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x]) - (1 - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}{x^{4}}$

Step 3.3

Since $1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $1$ with respect to $x$ is $0$ .

$\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{x^{2} (0 + \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x]) - (1 - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}{x^{4}}$

Step 3.4

Add $0$ and $\frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x]$ .

$\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{x^{2} \frac{d}{d x} [- 2 x] - (1 - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}{x^{4}}$

Step 3.5

Since $- 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $- 2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $- 2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{x^{2} (- 2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]) - (1 - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}{x^{4}}$

Step 3.6

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{x^{2} (- 2 \cdot 1) - (1 - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}{x^{4}}$

Step 3.7

Simplify the expression.

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.7.1

Multiply $- 2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{x^{2} \cdot - 2 - (1 - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}{x^{4}}$

Step 3.7.2

Move $- 2$ to the left of $x^{2}$ .

$\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{- 2 \cdot x^{2} - (1 - 2 x) \frac{d}{d x} [x^{2}]}{x^{4}}$

Step 3.8

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 2$ .

$\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{- 2 x^{2} - (1 - 2 x) (2 x)}{x^{4}}$

Step 3.9

Combine fractions.

Tap for more steps...

Step 3.9.1

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{- 2 x^{2} - 2 (1 - 2 x) x}{x^{4}}$

Step 3.9.2

Multiply $\frac{1}{3}$ by $\frac{- 2 x^{2} - 2 (1 - 2 x) x}{x^{4}}$ .

$\frac{- 2 x^{2} - 2 (1 - 2 x) x}{3 x^{4}}$

Step 4

Simplify.

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 2 x^{2} + (- 2 \cdot 1 - 2 (- 2 x)) x}{3 x^{4}}$

Step 4.2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{- 2 x^{2} - 2 \cdot 1 x - 2 (- 2 x) x}{3 x^{4}}$

Step 4.3

Simplify the numerator.

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.3.1

Simplify each term.

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.3.1.1

Multiply $- 2$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- 2 x^{2} - 2 x - 2 (- 2 x) x}{3 x^{4}}$

Step 4.3.1.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.3.1.2.1

Move $x$ .

$\frac{- 2 x^{2} - 2 x - 2 (- 2 (x \cdot x))}{3 x^{4}}$

Step 4.3.1.2.2

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$\frac{- 2 x^{2} - 2 x - 2 (- 2 x^{2})}{3 x^{4}}$

Step 4.3.1.3

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 2$ .

$\frac{- 2 x^{2} - 2 x + 4 x^{2}}{3 x^{4}}$

Step 4.3.2

Add $- 2 x^{2}$ and $4 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{2 x^{2} - 2 x}{3 x^{4}}$

Step 4.4

Factor $2 x$ out of $2 x^{2} - 2 x$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.4.1

Factor $2 x$ out of $2 x^{2}$ .

$\frac{2 x (x) - 2 x}{3 x^{4}}$

Step 4.4.2

Factor $2 x$ out of $- 2 x$ .

$\frac{2 x (x) + 2 x (- 1)}{3 x^{4}}$

Step 4.4.3

Factor $2 x$ out of $2 x (x) + 2 x (- 1)$ .

$\frac{2 x (x - 1)}{3 x^{4}}$

Step 4.5

Cancel the common factor of $x$ and $x^{4}$ .

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.5.1

Factor $x$ out of $2 x (x - 1)$ .

$\frac{x (2 (x - 1))}{3 x^{4}}$

Step 4.5.2

Cancel the common factors.

Tap for more steps...

Step 4.5.2.1

Factor $x$ out of $3 x^{4}$ .

$\frac{x (2 (x - 1))}{x (3 x^{3})}$

Step 4.5.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x (2 (x - 1))}{x (3 x^{3})}$

Step 4.5.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{2 (x - 1)}{3 x^{3}}$