Calculus Examples

$\int (x^{2} + 3 x - 1) e^{2 x} d x$

Step 1

Simplify.

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Step 1.1

Apply the distributive property.

$\int x^{2} e^{2 x} + 3 x e^{2 x} - 1 e^{2 x} d x$

Step 1.2

Rewrite $- 1 e^{2 x}$ as $- e^{2 x}$ .

$\int x^{2} e^{2 x} + 3 x e^{2 x} - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 2

Split the single integral into multiple integrals.

$\int x^{2} e^{2 x} d x + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 3

Integrate by parts using the formula $\int u d v = u v - \int v d u$ , where $u = x^{2}$ and $d v = e^{2 x}$ .

$x^{2} (\frac{1}{2} e^{2 x}) - \int \frac{1}{2} e^{2 x} (2 x) d x + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 4

Simplify.

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Step 4.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $e^{2 x}$ .

$x^{2} \frac{e^{2 x}}{2} - \int \frac{1}{2} e^{2 x} (2 x) d x + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 4.2

Combine $x^{2}$ and $\frac{e^{2 x}}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - \int \frac{1}{2} e^{2 x} (2 x) d x + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 5

Since $\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2 \int e^{2 x} (x) d x) + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 6

Simplify.

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Step 6.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $2$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{2}{2} \int e^{2 x} (x) d x) + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 6.2

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 6.2.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{2}{2} \int e^{2 x} (x) d x) + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 6.2.2

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (1 \int e^{2 x} (x) d x) + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 6.3

Multiply $\int e^{2 x} (x) d x$ by $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - \int e^{2 x} (x) d x + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 7

Integrate by parts using the formula $\int u d v = u v - \int v d u$ , where $u = x$ and $d v = e^{2 x}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (x (\frac{1}{2} e^{2 x}) - \int \frac{1}{2} e^{2 x} d x) + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 8

Simplify.

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Step 8.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $e^{2 x}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (x \frac{e^{2 x}}{2} - \int \frac{1}{2} e^{2 x} d x) + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 8.2

Combine $x$ and $\frac{e^{2 x}}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \int \frac{1}{2} e^{2 x} d x) + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 8.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $e^{2 x}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \int \frac{e^{2 x}}{2} d x) + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 9

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} \int e^{2 x} d x)) + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 10

Let $u_{1} = 2 x$ . Then $d u_{1} = 2 d x$ , so $\frac{1}{2} d u_{1} = d x$ . Rewrite using $u_{1}$ and $d$ $u_{1}$ .

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Step 10.1

Let $u_{1} = 2 x$ . Find $\frac{d u_{1}}{d x}$ .

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Step 10.1.1

Differentiate $2 x$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [2 x]$

Step 10.1.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 10.1.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 \cdot 1$

Step 10.1.4

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$2$

Step 10.2

Rewrite the problem using $u_{1}$ and $d u_{1}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \int e^{u_{1}} \frac{1}{2} d u_{1}) + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 11

Combine $e^{u_{1}}$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{e^{u_{1}}}{2} d u_{1}) + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 12

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $u_{1}$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} \int e^{u_{1}} d u_{1})) + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 13

Simplify.

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Step 13.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{2}$ by $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{2 \cdot 2} \int e^{u_{1}} d u_{1}) + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 13.2

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} \int e^{u_{1}} d u_{1}) + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 14

The integral of $e^{u_{1}}$ with respect to $u_{1}$ is $e^{u_{1}}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + \int 3 x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 15

Since $3$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $3$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 \int x e^{2 x} d x + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 16

Integrate by parts using the formula $\int u d v = u v - \int v d u$ , where $u = x$ and $d v = e^{2 x}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 (x (\frac{1}{2} e^{2 x}) - \int \frac{1}{2} e^{2 x} d x) + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 17

Simplify.

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Step 17.1

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $e^{2 x}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 (x \frac{e^{2 x}}{2} - \int \frac{1}{2} e^{2 x} d x) + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 17.2

Combine $x$ and $\frac{e^{2 x}}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \int \frac{1}{2} e^{2 x} d x) + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 17.3

Combine $\frac{1}{2}$ and $e^{2 x}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \int \frac{e^{2 x}}{2} d x) + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 18

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{1}{2} \int e^{2 x} d x)) + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 19

Let $u_{2} = 2 x$ . Then $d u_{2} = 2 d x$ , so $\frac{1}{2} d u_{2} = d x$ . Rewrite using $u_{2}$ and $d$ $u_{2}$ .

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Step 19.1

Let $u_{2} = 2 x$ . Find $\frac{d u_{2}}{d x}$ .

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Step 19.1.1

Differentiate $2 x$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [2 x]$

Step 19.1.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 19.1.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 \cdot 1$

Step 19.1.4

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$2$

Step 19.2

Rewrite the problem using $u_{2}$ and $d u_{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \int e^{u_{2}} \frac{1}{2} d u_{2}) + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 20

Combine $e^{u_{2}}$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{e^{u_{2}}}{2} d u_{2}) + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 21

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $u_{2}$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} (\frac{1}{2} \int e^{u_{2}} d u_{2})) + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 22

Simplify.

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Step 22.1

Multiply $\frac{1}{2}$ by $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{2 \cdot 2} \int e^{u_{2}} d u_{2}) + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 22.2

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} \int e^{u_{2}} d u_{2}) + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 23

The integral of $e^{u_{2}}$ with respect to $u_{2}$ is $e^{u_{2}}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{2}} + C)) + \int - e^{2 x} d x$

Step 24

Since $- 1$ is constant with respect to $x$ , move $- 1$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{2}} + C)) - \int e^{2 x} d x$

Step 25

Let $u_{3} = 2 x$ . Then $d u_{3} = 2 d x$ , so $\frac{1}{2} d u_{3} = d x$ . Rewrite using $u_{3}$ and $d$ $u_{3}$ .

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Step 25.1

Let $u_{3} = 2 x$ . Find $\frac{d u_{3}}{d x}$ .

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Step 25.1.1

Differentiate $2 x$ .

$\frac{d}{d x} [2 x]$

Step 25.1.2

Since $2$ is constant with respect to $x$ , the derivative of $2 x$ with respect to $x$ is $2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$ .

$2 \frac{d}{d x} [x]$

Step 25.1.3

Differentiate using the Power Rule which states that $\frac{d}{d x} [x^{n}]$ is $n x^{n - 1}$ where $n = 1$ .

$2 \cdot 1$

Step 25.1.4

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$2$

Step 25.2

Rewrite the problem using $u_{3}$ and $d u_{3}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{2}} + C)) - \int e^{u_{3}} \frac{1}{2} d u_{3}$

Step 26

Combine $e^{u_{3}}$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{2}} + C)) - \int \frac{e^{u_{3}}}{2} d u_{3}$

Step 27

Since $\frac{1}{2}$ is constant with respect to $u_{3}$ , move $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{2}} + C)) - (\frac{1}{2} \int e^{u_{3}} d u_{3})$

Step 28

The integral of $e^{u_{3}}$ with respect to $u_{3}$ is $e^{u_{3}}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{1}} + C)) + 3 (\frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{1}{4} (e^{u_{2}} + C)) - \frac{1}{2} (e^{u_{3}} + C)$

Step 29

Simplify.

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Step 29.1

Simplify.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{x e^{2 x}}{2} + \frac{e^{u_{1}}}{4} + \frac{3 x e^{2 x}}{2} - \frac{3 e^{u_{2}}}{4} - \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}} + C$

Step 29.2

Simplify.

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Step 29.2.1

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + \frac{- x e^{2 x} + 3 x e^{2 x}}{2} + \frac{e^{u_{1}}}{4} - \frac{3 e^{u_{2}}}{4} - \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}} + C$

Step 29.2.2

Add $- x e^{2 x}$ and $3 x e^{2 x}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + \frac{2 x e^{2 x}}{2} + \frac{e^{u_{1}}}{4} - \frac{3 e^{u_{2}}}{4} - \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}} + C$

Step 29.2.3

Cancel the common factor of $2$ .

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Step 29.2.3.1

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + \frac{2 x e^{2 x}}{2} + \frac{e^{u_{1}}}{4} - \frac{3 e^{u_{2}}}{4} - \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}} + C$

Step 29.2.3.2

Divide $x e^{2 x}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{e^{u_{1}}}{4} - \frac{3 e^{u_{2}}}{4} - \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}} + C$

Step 29.2.4

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{e^{u_{1}} - 3 e^{u_{2}}}{4} - \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}} + C$

Step 29.2.5

Subtract $3 e^{u_{2}}$ from $e^{u_{1}}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{- 2 e^{u_{1}}}{4} - \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}} + C$

Step 29.2.6

Cancel the common factor of $- 2$ and $4$ .

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Step 29.2.6.1

Factor $2$ out of $- 2 e^{u_{1}}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{2 (- e^{u_{1}})}{4} - \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}} + C$

Step 29.2.6.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 29.2.6.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $4$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{2 (- e^{u_{1}})}{2 (2)} - \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}} + C$

Step 29.2.6.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{2 (- e^{u_{1}})}{2 \cdot 2} - \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}} + C$

Step 29.2.6.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{- e^{u_{1}}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}} + C$

Step 29.2.7

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} - \frac{e^{u_{1}}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}} + C$

Step 29.2.8

To write $- \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}}$ as a fraction with a common denominator, multiply by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} - \frac{e^{u_{1}}}{2} - \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}} \cdot \frac{2}{2} + C$

Step 29.2.9

Combine $- \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}}$ and $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} - \frac{e^{u_{1}}}{2} + \frac{- \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}} \cdot 2}{2} + C$

Step 29.2.10

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{- e^{u_{1}} - \frac{1}{2} e^{u_{3}} \cdot 2}{2} + C$

Step 29.2.11

Combine $e^{u_{3}}$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{- e^{u_{1}} - \frac{e^{u_{3}}}{2} \cdot 2}{2} + C$

Step 29.2.12

Multiply $2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{- e^{u_{1}} - 2 \frac{e^{u_{3}}}{2}}{2} + C$

Step 29.2.13

Combine $- 2$ and $\frac{e^{u_{3}}}{2}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{- e^{u_{1}} + \frac{- 2 e^{u_{3}}}{2}}{2} + C$

Step 29.2.14

Cancel the common factor of $- 2$ and $2$ .

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Step 29.2.14.1

Factor $2$ out of $- 2 e^{u_{3}}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{- e^{u_{1}} + \frac{2 (- e^{u_{3}})}{2}}{2} + C$

Step 29.2.14.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 29.2.14.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{- e^{u_{1}} + \frac{2 (- e^{u_{3}})}{2 (1)}}{2} + C$

Step 29.2.14.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{- e^{u_{1}} + \frac{2 (- e^{u_{3}})}{2 \cdot 1}}{2} + C$

Step 29.2.14.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{- e^{u_{1}} + \frac{- e^{u_{3}}}{1}}{2} + C$

Step 29.2.14.2.4

Divide $- e^{u_{3}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{- e^{u_{1}} - e^{u_{3}}}{2} + C$

Step 29.2.15

Subtract $e^{u_{3}}$ from $- e^{u_{1}}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{- 2 e^{u_{1}}}{2} + C$

Step 29.2.16

Cancel the common factor of $- 2$ and $2$ .

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Step 29.2.16.1

Factor $2$ out of $- 2 e^{u_{1}}$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{2 (- e^{u_{1}})}{2} + C$

Step 29.2.16.2

Cancel the common factors.

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Step 29.2.16.2.1

Factor $2$ out of $2$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{2 (- e^{u_{1}})}{2 (1)} + C$

Step 29.2.16.2.2

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{2 (- e^{u_{1}})}{2 \cdot 1} + C$

Step 29.2.16.2.3

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} + \frac{- e^{u_{1}}}{1} + C$

Step 29.2.16.2.4

Divide $- e^{u_{1}}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{x^{2} e^{2 x}}{2} + x e^{2 x} - e^{u_{1}} + C$

Step 30

Replace all occurrences of $u_{1}$ with $2 x$ .

$\frac{1}{2} x^{2} e^{2 x} + x e^{2 x} - e^{2 x} + C$